{"id":65774,"date":"2024-11-08T00:33:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T23:33:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65774"},"modified":"2024-11-07T12:15:15","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T11:15:15","slug":"kde-trestali-antisemitismus-smrti-a-proc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/11\/08\/kde-trestali-antisemitismus-smrti-a-proc\/","title":{"rendered":"Kde trestali antisemitismus smrt\u00ed a pro\u010d?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p>V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b evropsk\u00fd zem\u00edch ani n\u00e1znakem kritizovat \u017didy, \u010di \u017eidovsk\u00e9 organizace bez hrozby postihu trestn\u00edho st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed a s t\u00edm spojen\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 a profesn\u00ed likvidace.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1lo se ale v\u00ed, \u017ee<strong> existovala zem\u011b, kde byl \u201eantisemitismus \u2013 kritika \u017did\u016f\u201c dokonce trest\u00e1na smrt\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tou\u00a0<strong>zem\u00ed byl SSSR a z\u00e1kon o \u201eantisemitismus jako hrdeln\u00edm zlo\u010dinu\u201c byl jeden z prvn\u00edch, kter\u00fd tehdej\u0161\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed p\u0159ijalo.\u00a0<\/strong>D\u016fvod byl velmi prost\u00fd.\u00a0<strong>P\u016fvodn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed bylo a\u017e na n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo v\u00fdjimek \u017eidovsk\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0(Trockij, Zinoviev, Kameniev, Radek, atd atd.) Ne\u017eidovsk\u00fdch komunist\u016f bylo v n\u011bm tehdy pom\u00e1lu s v\u00fdjimkou Stalina a Rusa Bubnova.\u00a0<strong>Nebylo divu, \u017ee tehdej\u0161\u00ed revolucion\u00e1\u0159i okam\u017eit\u011b po p\u0159evzet\u00ed moci rozpoutali teror proti rusk\u00fdm n\u00e1rod\u016fm a jejich tradi\u010dn\u00edm elit\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 historicky nen\u00e1vid\u011bli a te\u010f k tomu m\u011bli i \u201eteorii t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho boje\u201c od K. Marxe<\/strong>\u00a0(ten byl rovn\u011b\u017e \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu). O<strong>byvatelstvo SSSR se velmi rychle uv\u011bdomilo, kdo za jeho miz\u00e9ri\u00ed a \u00fatlakem stoj\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/ceskavec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG_1650-2-549x710.png\" width=\"340\" height=\"440\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Nebylo proto nic p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9ho, kdy\u017e sov\u011btsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed tvo\u0159en\u00e9 \u017didy a trestn\u00ed komanda (tvo\u0159en\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u017didy)\u00a0<strong>za\u010dalo jak\u00e9koliv kritiky sv\u00e9 brut\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky st\u00edhat a likvidovat. Jako jeden z prvn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f mlad\u00e9ho SSSR byl proto z\u00e1kon trestaj\u00edc\u00ed antisemitismus \u201enejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011brou<\/strong>\u201c (trestem smrti). Vzhledem k etnick\u00e9mu slo\u017een\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00edho veden\u00ed SSR to nebylo p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9.<strong> \u017didov\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci sice ofici\u00e1ln\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a n\u00e1rody neuzn\u00e1vali, ale skute\u010dnost byla jin\u00e1. Media po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch psala ve 20 letech 20. stolet\u00ed o SSSR jako o \u201e\u017eidovsk\u00e9m experimentu a projektu \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed slou\u017eil<strong>\u00a0Lenin\u016fv projev z jara 1919 o \u201eanti\u017eidovsk\u00fdch pogromech\u201c. Z\u00e1kon byl b\u011b\u017en\u011b uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n a za \u010dasto \u00fadajn\u00fd antisemitismus bylo b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch let SSSR popraveno mnoho Rus\u016f i p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f SSSR.\u00a0<\/strong>V\u011bt\u0161ina vra\u017ed prob\u011bhla bez soudu a\u00a0<strong>ob\u010das bylo c\u00edlem zmocnit se majetku ob\u011bt\u00ed pro velitele trestn\u00fdch komand. Stejn\u011b tak se \u017did\u00e9 stali veliteli v\u011bt\u0161iny t\u00e1bor\u016f GULAGu a byli odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za smrt milion\u016f v\u011bz\u0148\u016f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V SSSR ale soub\u011b\u017en\u011b prob\u00edhal boj mezi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi komunisty (v\u011bt\u0161ina byli ne\u017eid\u00e9) a internacion\u00e1ln\u00edmi komunisty (Trockisty \u2013 naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina byli \u017did\u00e9),\u00a0<strong>ofici\u00e1ln\u011b st\u00e1le platil z\u00e1kaz \u201eantisemitismu \u2013 jak\u00e9koliv kritiky \u017did\u016f pod trestem smrti\u201c. 12. ledna 1931 Stalin, vedouc\u00ed postava n\u00e1rodn\u00edch komunist\u016f, v rozhovoru s \u201e\u017didovskou tiskovou agenturou\u201c prohl\u00e1sil: \u201c v SSSR je antisemitismus trest\u00e1n s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsnost\u00ed jako jev nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. V SSSR je antisemitismus trest\u00e1n smrt\u00ed\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017did\u00e9-revolucion\u00e1\u0159i byli zcela beztrestn\u00ed a nebylo divu, \u017ee se aktivn\u011b zapojili do kolektivizace zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, kdy velitel\u00e9 trestn\u00edch odd\u00edl\u016f a \u010dlenov\u00e9 trestn\u00edch komand byli op\u011bt v\u011bt\u0161inou \u017did\u00e9.<\/strong> Za\u00a0<strong>ob\u011b\u0165 jim padlo n\u011bkolik milion\u016f Ukrajinc\u016f a mnoho revolucion\u00e1\u0159\u016f se v r\u00e1mci bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti stalo tajn\u00fdmi boh\u00e1\u010di d\u00edky rozkraden\u00ed majetku ukrajinsk\u00fdch roln\u00edk<\/strong>\u016f. To tak\u00e9 byl hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se \u0159ada Ukrajinc\u016f zapojila do proti\u017eidovsk\u00fdch pogrom\u016f v r\u00e1mci n\u011bmeck\u00e9 okupace. Mnoho z nich se jen cht\u011blo pomst\u00edt za vra\u017edy a vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch rodinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f v r\u00e1mci kolektivizace.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Situace se za\u010dala m\u011bnit po roce 1936, kdy n\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunist\u00e9 v \u010dele se Stalinem ovl\u00e1dli veden\u00ed SSSR. Z\u00e1kon trestaj\u00edc\u00ed antisemitismus smrt\u00ed byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b potichu zapomenut\u2026. V\u011bt\u0161inu velitel\u016f t\u00e1bor\u016f Gulagu sice byli st\u00e1le \u017did\u00e9, ale ve veden\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed sm\u011br zem\u011b se situace radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnila a c\u00edlen\u00fd teror ne\u017eidovsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva byl v\u00edce m\u00e9n\u011b opou\u0161t\u011bn<\/strong>, by\u0165 byl uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n princip kolektivn\u00ed viny v\u016f\u010di n\u00e1rod\u016fm, kter\u00e9 zradili SSSR b\u011bhem 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (Pobalt\u00ed, Tata\u0159i, \u010ce\u010denci atd.).<\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee te<strong>hdy nedo\u0161lo k perzekuc\u00edm \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva na etnick\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b, likvidov\u00e1ni byli jen \u017did\u00e9 ve veden\u00ed strany, arm\u00e1dy, tajn\u00e9 policie a st\u00e1tn\u00edm apar\u00e1tu.\u00a0<\/strong>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 z tohoto pohledu byly procesy s tzv. \u201el\u00e9ka\u0159i vrahy\u201c po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, kde se zd\u016fraz\u0148oval jejich sionistick\u00fd (nikoliv \u017eidovsk\u00fd) p\u016fvod. Co\u017e bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee Stalin ne\u010dekal, \u017ee se nov\u00fd st\u00e1t Izrael, kter\u00fd vznikl z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti d\u00edky vojensk\u00e9 pomoci SSSR a jeho spojenc\u016f obr\u00e1t\u00ed proti n\u011bmu. Kdy ho z jeho pohledu zkr\u00e1tka \u017did\u00e9 nap\u00e1lili a p\u0159evezli.<\/p>\n<p>To u\u017e je ale jin\u00e1 kapitola d\u011bjin\u2026.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ceskavec.com\/2024\/11\/kde-trestali-antisemitismus-smrti-a-proc\">Joe Nowak<\/a>, Chicago, USA<\/p>\n<p><em>\u010cl\u00e1nek nemus\u00ed vyjad\u0159ovat n\u00e1zor redakce<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b evropsk\u00fd zem\u00edch ani n\u00e1znakem kritizovat \u017didy, \u010di \u017eidovsk\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,6431,232,92],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65774"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65774"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65774\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}