{"id":65687,"date":"2024-11-07T00:34:05","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T23:34:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65687"},"modified":"2024-11-06T15:49:02","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T14:49:02","slug":"vedecky-sok-uk-met-office-vynalezl-teplotni-data-ze-100-neexistujicich-stanic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/11\/07\/vedecky-sok-uk-met-office-vynalezl-teplotni-data-ze-100-neexistujicich-stanic\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdeck\u00fd \u0161ok: UK Met Office \u201evynalezl\u201c teplotn\u00ed data ze 100 neexistuj\u00edc\u00edch stanic"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Objevily se \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee britsk\u00fd Met Office vymyslel teplotn\u00ed \u00fadaje z v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 neexistuj\u00edc\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch stanic. Obvin\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>z v\u00fdbu\u0161nin<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vznesl ob\u010dansk\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 Ray Sanders a zaslal je nov\u00e9mu ministru v\u011bdy Peteru Kyleovi, \u010dlenovi parlamentu. Po s\u00e9rii \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o svobodu informac\u00ed adresovan\u00fdch Met Office a pe\u010dliv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci v ter\u00e9nu p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch stanic Sanders zjistil, \u017ee 103 z 302 stanic, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed teplotn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bry, neexistuje. „Jak m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd rozumn\u00fd pozorovatel v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee data nejsou skute\u010dn\u00e1 a byla prost\u011b \u201avymy\u0161lena\u2018 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agenturou?“ pt\u00e1 se Sanders. Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k \u201eotev\u0159en\u00e9mu vysv\u011btlen\u00ed\u201c pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 nep\u0159esnosti st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, \u201eaby se zabr\u00e1nilo tomu, \u017ee jin\u00e9 instituce a v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci nebudou pou\u017e\u00edvat nespolehliv\u00e1 data a dosp\u011bt k nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9m domovsk\u00e9m hrabstv\u00ed Kent Sanders obvinil Met Office z tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dty\u0159i z osmi lokalit identifikovan\u00fdch Met Office, jmenovit\u011b Dungeness, Folkestone, Dover a Gillingham, z nich\u017e v\u0161echny produkuj\u00ed klouzav\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br teploty a\u017e na druh\u00e9 desetinn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. stupn\u011b, jsou \u201efiktivn\u00ed\u201c. Sanders poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v Dungeness nebyla od roku 1986 meteorologick\u00e1 stanice. Daily\u00a0<\/span>Skeptic<\/span><\/em>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee potvrdit, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 stanic nen\u00ed za\u0159azena na seznam lokalit Met s klasifikac\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (WMO). Met Office sm\u011bruje online dotazy o Doveru na \u201enejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed klimatickou stanici\u201c v p\u0159\u00edstavu Dover (pl\u00e1\u017e) a poskytuje \u00fapln\u00fd soubor 30let\u00fdch klouzav\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f. Podle sou\u0159adnic Met Office je poloha na Dover Beach, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed fotografii Google Earth. Je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by v\u011bdeck\u00e1 organizace um\u00edstila stanici na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teploty na m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 je pravideln\u011b zaplavov\u00e1no. Kdo provozuje tuto stanici na pl\u00e1\u017ei, jsou uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny p\u0159esn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let a pro\u010d nen\u00ed uvedena mezi 380 m\u00edsty, kter\u00e9 obdr\u017eely hodnocen\u00ed WMO?<\/span><\/p>\n

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Z 302 jmenovan\u00fdch str\u00e1nek Sanders poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee mu Met Office odm\u00edtla sd\u011blit, jak nebo odkud se vzala \u00fadajn\u00e1 \u201edata\u201c pro t\u011bchto 103 neexistuj\u00edc\u00edch str\u00e1nek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Praxe \u201evym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed\u201c teplotn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f z neexistuj\u00edc\u00edch stanic je kontroverzn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, kde je m\u00edstn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba NOAA obvin\u011bna z\u00a0fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f pro\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u00fdch hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Data jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1na z okoln\u00edch stanic a v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011bry jsou ozna\u010deny \u201eE\u201c pro odhad. \u201eP\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dat ze stanic duch\u016f \u010din\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed a v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy NOAA nereprezentativn\u00edmi pro realitu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 meteorolog Anthony Watts. „Pokud by byl takov\u00fd postup u soudu pou\u017eit, d\u016fkazy by byly vyhozeny jako zfal\u0161ovan\u00e9,“ dodal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Historick\u00e1 data uv\u00e1d\u00ed Met Office \u0159adu m\u00edst s dlouh\u00fdmi z\u00e1znamy teplotn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Lowestoft m\u00e1 z\u00e1znamy sahaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e do roku 1914, ale v roce 2010 byl uzav\u0159en. Od t\u00e9 doby se po\u010dty ur\u010duj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b odhad\u016f. Stanice v Nairn Druim, Paisley a Newton Rigg jsou tak\u00e9 uzav\u0159eny, ale st\u00e1le hl\u00e1s\u00ed odhadovan\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaje. „Pro\u010d by v\u011bdeck\u00e1 organizace m\u011bla pot\u0159ebu publikovat to, co lze ozna\u010dit pouze za fikci?“ pt\u00e1 se Sanders. „Je nemo\u017en\u00e9, aby v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u00fa\u010del byl spln\u011bn prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vyn\u00e1lez\u016f,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Met Office m\u00e1 rozumn\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pro zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm shroma\u017e\u010fuje \u00fadaje o teplot\u011b. V\u00fdpo\u010det teploty je nep\u0159esn\u00e1 v\u011bda, ale obavy vzrostly, proto\u017ee data jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pro nestydat\u011b politick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely k podpo\u0159e fantazie s nulovou s\u00edt\u00ed. Alarmist\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee velmi mal\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit velk\u00fd klimatick\u00fd rozd\u00edl. Aby se vyvolal strach po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, jsou \u00fadaje o teplot\u011b \u00fadajn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 na setinu stupn\u011b Celsia citov\u00e1ny ze zdroj\u016f, jako je Met Office a NOAA. Met Office se k dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni nevyj\u00e1d\u0159il k bou\u0159i kolem sv\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel a organizace odm\u00edtla\u00a0vr\u00e1tit\u00a0hovory z\u00a0<\/span>Daily Skeptic .<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Sanders poukazuje na dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m s m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm teploty v Met Office souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s klasifikac\u00ed WMO jeho lokalit. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 osm z deseti lokalit je klasifikov\u00e1no ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch odpadu 4 a 5 s mo\u017enou \u201enejistotou\u201c 2 \u00b0C a 5 \u00b0C. To, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sanders, znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro vykazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f o klimatu podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch standard\u016f, kter\u00e9 Met Office pomohl nastavit. Pouze 52 stanic Met Office, pouh\u00fdch 13,7 %, je ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b 1 a 2 bez navrhovan\u00e9ho rozp\u011bt\u00ed chyb. Ve skute\u010dnosti to mus\u00edte opravit alespo\u0148 o jedno m\u00edsto. Sanders b\u011bhem sv\u00fdch cest upozor\u0148oval na mo\u017en\u00e9 poruchy tepla na stanici Hastings 1. stupn\u011b a tato str\u00e1nka byla nyn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eena na stupe\u0148 4. Met Office pr\u00fd potvrdil, \u017ee v\u00fdchoz\u00ed klasifikace stanic je nastavena na t\u0159\u00eddu 1 \u201epokud nen\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b upravena\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Noviny Daily\u00a0<\/span>Skeptic<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vy\u0161et\u0159ovaly \u0161patn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mnoha stanic Met Office, kde zjevn\u00e9 poruchy tepla \u010din\u00ed pokusy o m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch teplot vzduchu absurdn\u00edmi. Sanders vyjmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9my s mnoha z t\u011bchto nevhodn\u00fdch m\u00edst, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v obezd\u011bn\u00fdch kuchy\u0148sk\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch a botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017eeny k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed um\u011ble zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch teplot a mikroklimat. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed nevhodn\u00e9 lokality pat\u0159\u00ed parkovi\u0161t\u011b nebo jejich okol\u00ed, leti\u0161t\u011b, dom\u00e1c\u00ed zahrady, \u010disti\u010dky odpadn\u00edch vod a vod, rozvodny a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed parky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sanders m\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00fd pohled na ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00ed mnoha venkovsk\u00fdch stanic pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed teploty. V roce 1974 bylo v Kentu 32 provozn\u00edch stanic, dnes je jich pouze sedm. P\u0159echod na nov\u00e9 elektricky ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 platinov\u00e9 odporov\u00e9 teplom\u011bry vy\u017eadoval spolehliv\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a datovou komunikaci. Mnoho venkovsk\u00fdch lokalit bylo uzav\u0159eno, proto\u017ee takov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebyla v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch automatizace k dispozici. Vylou\u010den\u00edm chladic\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z celkov\u00e9ho souboru dat v\u0161ak p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b m\u011bstsk\u00e9 lokality vedly k nereprezentativn\u00edmu n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami. \u201eStatistick\u00e9 lsti (jakkoli ne\u00famysln\u00e9) vedly k nep\u0159esn\u00fdm historick\u00fdm zkreslen\u00edm,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Sanders.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sanders ve sv\u00e9m otev\u0159en\u00e9m dopise poslanci Peteru Kyleovi vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee prok\u00e1zal solidn\u00edmi d\u016fkazy, \u017ee Met Office \u201ejasn\u011b fal\u0161uje\u201c data. Nav\u00edc nespl\u0148uje vysok\u00e9 standardy v\u011bdeck\u00e9 integrity a neposkytuje spolehliv\u00e1 nebo p\u0159esn\u00e1 data pro hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed klimatu ze s\u00edt\u011b \u0161patn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch a nedostate\u010dn\u011b udr\u017eovan\u00fdch m\u00edst. Peter Kyle je ministrem odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm za Met Office a zat\u00edm na Sandersova obvin\u011bn\u00ed nereagoval. Ray Sanders odvedl vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci ve v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159i shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch a vysoce relevantn\u00edch podrobnost\u00ed o tom, co se st\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fdm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm skand\u00e1lem. Met Office to dodnes i p\u0159es opakovan\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti odm\u00edtl komentovat a h\u00e1jil vlastn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a v\u00fdpo\u010dty teplot. Dokud vl\u00e1da, parlament a Met Office ml\u010d\u00ed a mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia nejev\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem, lze jen p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee z\u00e1jmy prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dist\u00fdch nulov\u00fdch emis\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jak\u00e9koli obavy o podkladov\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 data.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Chris Morrison<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Objevily se \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee britsk\u00fd Met Office vymyslel teplotn\u00ed \u00fadaje z v\u00edce ne\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[873,6123,497],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65687"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65687"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65687\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}