{"id":65496,"date":"2024-11-04T00:41:38","date_gmt":"2024-11-03T23:41:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65496"},"modified":"2024-11-03T16:50:42","modified_gmt":"2024-11-03T15:50:42","slug":"lama-el-horr-obchodni-valka-proti-pekingu-je-valkou-proti-cinske-suverenite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/11\/04\/lama-el-horr-obchodni-valka-proti-pekingu-je-valkou-proti-cinske-suverenite\/","title":{"rendered":"Lama El Horr: Obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lka proti Pekingu je v\u00e1lkou proti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 suverenit\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Jedno star\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eChce\u0161-li utopit sv\u00e9ho psa, obvi\u0148 ho ze vztekliny\u201c. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se svou strategi\u00ed sabotov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomiky posunuly lest je\u0161t\u011b o krok d\u00e1le: obvi\u0148ovat \u010c\u00ednu ze vztekliny nesta\u010d\u00ed, mus\u00edte j\u00ed d\u00e1t nemoc.<\/span><\/strong><\/picture>\n

Od t\u00e9 doby, co Trumpova administrativa vyhl\u00e1sila \u010c\u00edn\u011b obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lku, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a jejich spojenci v EU neust\u00e1le zintenziv\u0148uj\u00ed svou politiku odd\u011blen\u00ed od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomiky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159ijet\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch sankc\u00ed, celn\u00edch a neceln\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek a z\u00e1kaz\u016f v\u00fdvozu n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u201e citliv\u00e9\u201c produkty do \u010c\u00edny.<\/span><\/div>\n

Paraleln\u011b s t\u00edmto ostrakismem n\u011bkter\u00fdch sektor\u016f \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomiky z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia opakovan\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 ekonomika je ve \u0161patn\u00e9m stavu a dokonce na pokraji kolapsu. Podle t\u011bchto pt\u00e1k\u016f zl\u00e9ho znamen\u00ed zlat\u00fd v\u011bk \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu skon\u010dil.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
Skute\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem z\u00e1padn\u00edho bloku je omezit ekonomickou a obchodn\u00ed konkurenceschopnost \u010c\u00edny<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed sebenapl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch se proroctv\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Washington a jeho p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti prezentuj\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 ukazatele jako \u0159adu katastrof vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch z chybn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle tohoto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd r\u016fst na p\u016fl \u017eerdi kv\u016fli nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 alokaci zdroj\u016f \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady. Tyto chyby v \u00fasudku pr\u00fd vedly k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu dominov\u00e9mu efektu: zadlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed provinci\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 neudr\u017eiteln\u00fdm, realitn\u00ed sektor se hrout\u00ed, spole\u010dnosti dosahuj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch zisk\u016f, nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed prudce stoup\u00e1, spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 ceny klesaj\u00ed a tak\u00e9 mzdy a d\u016fv\u011bra . Volatilita \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch akciov\u00fdch trh\u016f se tak\u00e9 odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na podporu z\u00e1padn\u00edho narativu. \u2013 A pokud k tomu p\u0159id\u00e1me st\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace, pak je rozhodn\u011b d\u016fvod se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 ekonomika je v kone\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fapadku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za t\u00edmto kataklyzmatick\u00fdm portr\u00e9tem se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1 c\u00edl podkopat d\u016fv\u011bru: v dom\u00e1c\u00ed popt\u00e1vku, investory a partnery Pekingu. Nem\u011blo by se toti\u017e zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee tento portr\u00e9t p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee ignoruje lavinu obchodn\u00edch omezen\u00ed uvalen\u00fdch na \u010c\u00ednu Washingtonem a jeho satelitn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed omezit a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech zak\u00e1zat obchod s Pekingem. Tyto man\u00e9vry odhaluj\u00ed, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem z\u00e1padn\u00edho bloku je omezit ekonomickou a obchodn\u00ed konkurenceschopnost \u010c\u00edny \u2013 a pota\u017emo i rozvoj jej\u00edch partner\u016f na jihu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V dob\u011b, kdy je energetick\u00e1 transformace nov\u00fdm kon\u00ed\u010dkem z\u00e1padn\u00edho bloku, kter\u00fd v n\u00ed vid\u00ed prost\u0159edek k udr\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9 hegemonie zaveden\u00edm nov\u00fdch pravidel sm\u011bny, nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee by velkolep\u00fd pokrok \u010c\u00edny v t\u00e9to oblasti vyvolal hn\u011bv Washingtonu. Uvalen\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vysok\u00fdch cel na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 auta \u2013 100 % ze strany USA a a\u017e 45 % ze strany EU \u2013 nenech\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pochybnosti o z\u00e1m\u011brech Washingtonu: podkopat dominantn\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch automobilov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a obvi\u0148ovat je z nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dotac\u00ed. a nadm\u011brn\u00e1 kapacita. Vzhledem k klamn\u00e9 z\u00e1mince, na n\u00ed\u017e je tento maskovan\u00fd protekcionismus zalo\u017een, se \u010c\u00edna rozhodla p\u0159edlo\u017eit v\u011bc WTO, jej\u00ed\u017e pravidla voln\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee jsou zjevn\u011b poru\u0161ov\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nucenou pr\u00e1ci na ujgursk\u00e9 populaci provincie Sin-\u0165iang, slou\u017e\u00ed stejn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu: vylou\u010dit cel\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu z obchodu se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Sta\u010d\u00ed nahl\u00e9dnout do seznamu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f\u00a0<\/span>zahrnut\u00fdch do UFLPA,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0abychom si uv\u011bdomili geopolitick\u00fd a geoekonomick\u00fd rozm\u011br t\u011bchto z\u00e1kon\u016f p\u0159ijat\u00fdch Washingtonem. Zac\u00edlen\u00edm na strategick\u00e9 produkty, jako je bavlna, PVC hlin\u00edk, produkty na b\u00e1zi oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho, raj\u010data a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody, je z\u0159ejm\u00fdm c\u00edlem udr\u017eet mimo konkurenta, jeho\u017e dominantn\u00ed postaven\u00ed podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 Washington a jeho spojence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento americk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci \u2013 protekcionismus maskovan\u00fd jako obrana lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v \u2013 tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje Washingtonu p\u011bstovat obraz dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny, kter\u00e1 neuct\u00edv\u00e1 lidskou d\u016fstojnost a \u0161patn\u011b zach\u00e1z\u00ed se sv\u00fdm muslimsk\u00fdm obyvatelstvem. Je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee zna\u010dn\u00e9 investice Pekingu do\u00a0<\/span>ekonomick\u00e9ho rozvoje Sin-\u0165iangu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt nejlep\u0161\u00edm l\u00e9kem na teroristick\u00e1 a separatistick\u00e1 hnut\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 zven\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159ipravuje Washington o impozantn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed Pekingu. Je tak\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee v kontextu ka\u017edodenn\u00edho krveprolit\u00ed v Gaze a Libanonu \u2013 krveprolit\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho Izraelem, ale sponzorovan\u00e9ho a propagovan\u00e9ho Washingtonem a jeho evropsk\u00fdmi spojenci \u2013 nemaj\u00ed tato obvin\u011bn\u00ed proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b ani \u0161petku d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed diagn\u00f3za zdravotn\u00edho stavu \u010c\u00edny tak\u00e9 z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b ignoruje ekonomick\u00e9 p\u0159eorientov\u00e1n\u00ed Pekingu. Stejn\u011b jako velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 politika posledn\u00edch t\u0159iceti let jsou tyto zm\u011bny orientace dlouh\u00fdmi, dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi procesy transformace, kter\u00e9 jsou neust\u00e1le upravov\u00e1ny v souladu s vnit\u0159n\u00edmi a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi okolnostmi. Takto ch\u00e1peme koncept\u00a0<\/span>du\u00e1ln\u00edho ob\u011bhu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, prioritu digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho pochodu sm\u011brem k technologick\u00e9 suverenit\u011b \u2013 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nezapom\u00edn\u00e1me na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed geopolitickou architekturu BRI. \u201eRozhodnut\u00ed\u201c 3.\u00a0<\/span>pl\u00e9na<\/span><\/a>\u00a020. \u00daV KS\u010c podrobn\u011b stanovilo priority, na kter\u00fdch by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zalo\u017eena hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 politika zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost vs. suverenita<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed uvalen\u00e1 na \u010c\u00ednu jsou pr\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u011b motivov\u00e1na obavami o \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\u201c. Tyto obavy by byly dostate\u010dn\u011b alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed, aby v o\u010d\u00edch USA a EU ospravedlnily vylou\u010den\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f nebo dokonce odv\u011btv\u00ed z obchodu s Washingtonem a Bruselem.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA nap\u0159\u00edklad soustavn\u011b upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed technologie dvoj\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed, jako je 5G nebo high-tech polovodi\u010de, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt pro civiln\u00ed i vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Pod tlakem USA se tak muselo n\u011bkolik zem\u00ed EU \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho 5G vzd\u00e1t. Podobn\u011b byli v\u00fdrobci high-tech polovodi\u010d\u016f nuceni americk\u00fdm soudn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazem zak\u00e1zat v\u00fdvoz sv\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f do \u010c\u00edny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 obavy o \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\u201c se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f na v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159ech kontinentech. V\u00fdstavbu a\/nebo spr\u00e1vu\u00a0<\/span>strategick\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v Pekingu\u00a0, jako je Hambantota na Sr\u00ed Lance, Bata v Rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 Guineji a Chancay v Peru, je Washingtonem vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozba, proto\u017ee tyto p\u0159\u00edstavy by mohly b\u00fdt nakonec pou\u017eity pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington ned\u00e1vno uvalil sankce na \u0161est nov\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a obvinil je z toho, \u017ee pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu \u201ez\u00edskat zbran\u011b hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed\u201c a tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k modernizaci \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. \u2013 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty z\u00e1rove\u0148 pokra\u010duj\u00ed v kompromitov\u00e1n\u00ed suverenity a \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvosti \u010c\u00edny, kdy\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b podepsaly nov\u00fd kontrakt na zbrojen\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 miliard dolar\u016f s Tchaj-wanem \u2013 ji\u017e po mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed ducha t\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch komunik\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>podepsan\u00fdch s Pekingem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato jednostrann\u00e1 donucovac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed odhaluj\u00ed, \u017ee ekonomick\u00fd vzestup \u010c\u00edny, jeho\u017e d\u016fsledkem je jej\u00ed vojensk\u00fd vzestup, je Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako ohro\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9 hegemonie. P\u0159ijet\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch a obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r proti Pekingu m\u00e1 za c\u00edl br\u00e1nit technologick\u00e9 suverenit\u011b \u010c\u00edny a udr\u017eet Peking z\u00e1visl\u00fd na z\u00e1padn\u00edm bloku ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9m Ameri\u010dany. Nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee tato donucovac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 zaru\u010dit Washingtonu slovo ve vztaz\u00edch mezi \u010c\u00ednou a EU a zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby se EU stala p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nez\u00e1vislou na Washingtonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 t\u00e9to realit\u011b mus\u00edme \u010delit jedin\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce: jakou legitimitu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pojem \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\u201c, prosazovan\u00fd Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a jejich spojenci, pokud up\u00edr\u00e1 jejich geopolitick\u00fdm konkurent\u016fm pr\u00e1vo chr\u00e1nit jejich hranice a zdroje, zvolit si vlastn\u00ed cestu rozvoje a zlep\u0161it \u017eivoty sv\u00fdch obyvatel? Tato ot\u00e1zka p\u0159esahuje \u010c\u00ednu: t\u00fdk\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 Ruska, \u00cdr\u00e1nu, Severn\u00ed Koreje, Venezuely, Zimbabwe a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, jejich\u017e \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\u201c nemilosrdn\u011b po\u0161lap\u00e1v\u00e1 hrstka velk\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, v\u011bci mus\u00edme naz\u00fdvat prav\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny: obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lka proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b je v\u00e1lkou proti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 suverenit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lama El Horr, PhD, geopolitick\u00fd analytik, je zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm redaktorem\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/em>China Beyond the Wall<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0, zejm\u00e9na pro online magaz\u00edn \u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/em>New Eastern Outlook<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jedno star\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eChce\u0161-li utopit sv\u00e9ho psa, obvi\u0148 ho ze vztekliny\u201c. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65497,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,30,3965,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65496"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65496\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}