{"id":65329,"date":"2024-11-01T03:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T02:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65329"},"modified":"2024-11-01T03:30:00","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T02:30:00","slug":"uriel-araujo-ukrajinsky-boj-o-preziti-ohrozuje-preziti-samotne-evropy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/11\/01\/uriel-araujo-ukrajinsky-boj-o-preziti-ohrozuje-preziti-samotne-evropy\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Ukrajinsk\u00fd boj o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed ohro\u017euje p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed samotn\u00e9 Evropy"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Moskva od \u00fanora neust\u00e1le postupuje (nyn\u00ed dobyla t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed uzel Selydovo v Don\u011bcku), Kyjev oznamuje pl\u00e1ny na odvod dal\u0161\u00edch 160 000 voj\u00e1k\u016f do sv\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Podle anal\u00fdzy dat Institutu pro studium v\u00e1lky Rusk\u00e1 federace jen v \u0159\u00edjnu pokro\u010dila o 478 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch kilometr\u016f (185 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil) \u2013 co\u017e je rekord od b\u0159ezna 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ukrajinsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da je nav\u00edc podle\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Economist na s\u00edle p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a \u201ebojuje o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, ne o v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u201c (jak se zpr\u00e1va jmenuje). Jej\u00ed velitel\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed o samotn\u00fd sm\u011br v\u00e1lky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zem\u011b je \u201ev obran\u011b, vojensky, ekonomicky a diplomaticky\u201c. Od doby, kdy Kyjev koncem roku 2022 znovu dobyl Cherson, ve skute\u010dnosti neud\u011blal t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pokrok. Ji\u017e v dubnu 2023 jsem psal o tom, jak ukrajinsk\u00fd establishment p\u0159ehodnocuje samotnou my\u0161lenku \u201e\u00a0<\/span>znovu dobyt\u00ed Krymu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, nap\u0159\u00edklad.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Economist\u00a0popisuje \u201enedostate\u010dn\u00e9 a p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9\u201c ukrajinsk\u00e9 jednotky, navzdory drastick\u00e9mu nov\u00e9mu mobiliza\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1konu, s \u201ealarmuj\u00edc\u00ed demografickou kriz\u00ed\u201c, \u201eomezenou z\u00e1sobou gran\u00e1t\u016f\u201c a \u201enedostatkem jej\u00edch st\u00edha\u010d\u016f protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany\u201c. Krom\u011b toho je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

1) Washington v podstat\u011b, jak jsem to \u0159ekl,\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159esouv\u00e1 b\u0159emena Ukrajiny na Evropu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. jak se\u00a0<\/span>to\u010d\u00ed do Pacifiku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Americk\u00fd establishment nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee svobodn\u011b p\u0159ipustit, \u017ee \u201e\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b nen\u00ed existen\u010dn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c. V\u00fdmluvn\u011b (z hlediska priority) USA rozmis\u0165uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky do Izraele a pos\u00edlaj\u00ed\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu\u00a0<\/span>protiraketov\u00fd syst\u00e9m THAAD \u2013 je to stejn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, o kter\u00fd Kyjev opakovan\u011b \u017e\u00e1dal \u2013 bez \u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

2) Podle\u00a0<\/span>Forbes<\/span><\/a>\u00a0riskuje ukrajinsk\u00fd v\u016fdce Volodymyr Zelensky,\u00a0<\/span>\u017ee bude \u010delit \u201eultranacionalistick\u00e9mu\u201c pu\u010di<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) Zelensk\u00e9ho nov\u00fd \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Pl\u00e1n v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b s podporou Evropy a NATO. Evropa v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat jen tolik, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e americk\u00e1 supervelmoc v podstat\u011b ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 Atlantickou alianci a norm\u00e1ln\u011b m\u00e1 posledn\u00ed slovo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, Ukrajina a Evropan\u00e9 jsou ponech\u00e1ni s nevyhratelnou z\u00e1stupnou v\u00e1lkou, zat\u00edmco evropsk\u00e9 struktury budou m\u00edt za \u00fakol p\u0159iv\u00edtat a integrovat rozd\u011blen\u00fd st\u00e1t (\u00a0<\/span>jihokorejsk\u00fd styl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), kter\u00fd lze ozna\u010dit pouze za extr\u00e9mn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>zkorumpovan\u00fd<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na autorit\u00e1\u0159skou\u00a0<\/span>etnokracii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(viz n\u00ed\u017ee). .<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee dv\u011b t\u0159etiny zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch zisk\u016f se odehr\u00e1ly v Don\u011bck\u00e9 oblasti, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oblasti Donbasu. Donbass je ve skute\u010dnosti jevi\u0161t\u011bm konfliktu\u00a0<\/span>od roku 2014<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 tedy kr\u00e1tce po etnonacionalistick\u00e9 majdansk\u00e9 revoluci, kter\u00e1 zemi prom\u011bnila v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed centrum krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9 nad\u0159azenosti, jak to\u00a0<\/span>popsal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nek z roku 2021 v \u010dasopise TIME .<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem posledn\u00edho desetilet\u00ed byla oblast Donbasu \u010dasto pod t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm ukrajinsk\u00fdm d\u011blost\u0159electvem, zat\u00edmco ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci\u00a0<\/span>\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0etnick\u00fdm Rus\u016fm z regionu, aby \u201e\u00a0<\/span>\u0161li do Ruska<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c. Ukrajinsk\u00fd z\u00e1znam o zv\u011brstvech a\u00a0<\/span>poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v t\u00e9to oblasti (v\u010detn\u011b st\u00e1tem kontrolovan\u00e9ho krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9ho a\u00a0<\/span>neonacistick\u00e9ho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u00e1sil\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm prapor\u016f, jako je ten\u00a0<\/span>Azovsk\u00fd<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) je obvykle podce\u0148ov\u00e1n \u2013 alespo\u0148 v dne\u0161n\u00edch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abychom uvedli v\u011bci do souvislost\u00ed, faktem je, \u017ee a\u0165 u\u017e si \u010dlov\u011bk o sov\u011btsk\u00e9m experimentu mysl\u00ed cokoli (z hlediska ekonomiky, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky a ideologie), sov\u011btsk\u00fd kolaps byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jednou z \u201enejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch geopolitick\u00fdch katastrof stolet\u00ed\u201c, jak uvedl rusk\u00fd Prezident Vladimir Putin to skv\u011ble popsal. Za prv\u00e9, postsov\u011btsk\u00e1 hrani\u010dn\u00ed situace ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a na Kavkaze z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 znepokojiv\u00e1 se sv\u00fdmi \u201ezamrzl\u00fdmi konflikty\u201c a neuznan\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty nebo de facto republikami, kter\u00e9 zpochybnily nebo omezily uzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 a v\u0161echna vnit\u0159n\u00ed etnopolitick\u00e1 dramata zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00fdmi \u00fasil\u00ed postsov\u011btsk\u00fdch republik o \u201ebudov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1roda\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc, a\u0165 u\u017e se n\u011bkomu l\u00edb\u00ed nebo nel\u00edb\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed rusk\u00e1 politika nebo jej\u00ed kampa\u0148 na Ukrajin\u011b, v\u0161echno v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ukrajinsk\u00e9 krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9 politiky je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho kontextu referenda o anexi Donbasu, za prv\u00e9. Jak jsem napsal\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0lze si jen p\u0159edstavit, co by se stalo s t\u00edmto regionem a jeho obyvateli ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Kyjeva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nicolai N. Petro, profesor politologie na Rhode Islandsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, je jedn\u00edm z expert\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed varovali (\u00a0<\/span>p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pro Foreign Policy), \u017ee Ukrajina m\u00e1 \u201eprobl\u00e9m s ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy\u201c ohledn\u011b sv\u00e9 prorusk\u00e9, rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011b. a etnick\u00e9 rusk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>men\u0161iny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s politikami, kter\u00e9 \u201e\u00fa\u010dinn\u011b odsouvaj\u00ed rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed osoby do trval\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed druh\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy\u201c a kter\u00e9 by mohly, i kdy\u017e bude dosa\u017eeno m\u00edru, \u201eodcizit, kriminalizovat nebo deportovat v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st populace zem\u011b\u201c. Tyto \u201eob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed\u201c ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se etnopolitiky,\u00a0<\/span>politiky pam\u011bti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a identity jsou hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a konfliktu v regionu v\u00fdchodn\u00edch Slovan\u016f minim\u00e1ln\u011b od roku 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olej do ohn\u011b samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159il\u00e9v\u00e1 st\u00e1le nal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9ma p\u0159ita\u017elivosti Z\u00e1padu plus\u00a0<\/span>expanze NATO<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a jeho rizika v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextu americk\u00e9 politiky \u201e\u00a0<\/span>dvoj\u00edho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c a\u00a0<\/span>\u201ekontrov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c a \u201eobkli\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c Ruska. Je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, \u017ee \u017eurnalistick\u00e9 laick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy a laick\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed o regionu maj\u00ed tendenci minimalizovat nebo ignorovat v\u0161echny dohromady tyto dva kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty \u2013 geopolitick\u00fd a etnopolitick\u00fd \u2013 t\u00edm, \u017ee (jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 akademik) \u201enaturalizuj\u00ed\u201c, tedy berou jako nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu\u00a0<\/span>po Majdanu. Ukrajinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodotvorn\u00e9 diskurzy a \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. \u010cin\u00ed tak a z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u00e9monizuj\u00ed rusk\u00e9 perspektivy a obavy \u2013 nejenom rusk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ale tak\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti populace Donbasu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e nov\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, zhor\u0161en\u00e9 dne\u0161n\u00ed \u201ekulturou zru\u0161en\u00ed\u201c, ka\u017ed\u00e1 informovan\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my, riskuje, \u017ee bude \u201eodsouzena\u201c jako \u201erusk\u00e1 propaganda\u201c, a existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 instituty a novin\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u017eiv\u00ed hl\u00e1sit takov\u00e9 v\u011bci. N\u011bkdy jsou ter\u010dem\u00a0<\/span>v\u011bdci,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kte\u0159\u00ed jsou dokonce velmi kriti\u010dt\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Moskv\u011b, ale p\u0159esto se odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zm\u00ednit t\u00e9ma ukrajinsk\u00e9 etno-\u0161ovinistick\u00e9 politiky nebo roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO nebo\u00a0<\/span>doslovn\u00e9ho nacismu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0mezi ukrajinsk\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi a polovojensk\u00fdmi silami.<\/span><\/p>\n

To v\u0161e je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed slona v m\u00edstnosti a ne\u0159e\u0161it takov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my (nebo p\u0159ed t\u00edm zav\u00edrat o\u010di, jak to\u00a0<\/span>d\u011bl\u00e1 Evropsk\u00e1 unie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) je receptem na katastrofu a na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed konfliktu ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Nav\u00edc to\u00a0<\/span>zkratuje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 hodnoty samotn\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy \u2013 jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno t\u00edm, \u017ee evropsk\u00fd a z\u00e1padn\u00ed blok p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1 Ukrajinu po Majdanu jako jednu ze sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch, pop\u00edr\u00e1 evropsk\u00fd a z\u00e1padn\u00ed blok velkou \u010d\u00e1st diskurzu o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech, kter\u00fd byl vytvo\u0159en tak, aby byl samotn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro a raison d’\u00eatre jej\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z evropsk\u00e9 perspektivy ohro\u017euje snaha Kyjeva realizovat sv\u016fj etnokratick\u00fd projekt budov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1roda (kter\u00e9mu jsem se v\u011bnoval\u00a0<\/span>jinde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) a nav\u00edc ukrajinsk\u00fd boj o \u201ep\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed\u201c ohro\u017euje samotn\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed Evropy \u2013 alespo\u0148 tak, jak si to z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropa p\u0159edstavuje s\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Moskva od \u00fanora neust\u00e1le postupuje (nyn\u00ed dobyla t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed uzel Selydovo v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65330,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,41,39,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65329"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65329"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65329\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}