{"id":65158,"date":"2024-10-30T00:37:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T23:37:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65158"},"modified":"2024-10-29T16:49:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T15:49:46","slug":"technologicti-giganti-se-kvuli-umele-inteligenci-obraceji-k-jaderne-energii-dobry-napad-nebo-krok-vedle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/30\/technologicti-giganti-se-kvuli-umele-inteligenci-obraceji-k-jaderne-energii-dobry-napad-nebo-krok-vedle\/","title":{"rendered":"Technologi\u010dt\u00ed giganti se kv\u016fli um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci obracej\u00ed k jadern\u00e9 energii: dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad, nebo krok vedle?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Velc\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di jako Google a Microsoft se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s obrovskou energetickou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost\u00ed tr\u00e9ninku a provozu pokro\u010dil\u00fdch model\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence (AI).<\/strong> Pro spln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto po\u017eadavk\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 snahu o udr\u017eitelnost se jako \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed objevuje jadern\u00e1 energie.<\/strong> P\u0159esto\u017ee nab\u00edz\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed cestu k \u010dist\u0161\u00ed a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed energii, nen\u00ed bez kontroverz\u00ed.<\/strong> Zat\u00edmco zast\u00e1nci argumentuj\u00ed jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed a n\u00edzkou uhl\u00edkovou stopou, kritici varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed ekologick\u00fdmi riziky a vysok\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e1 energie jako \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rozvoj generativn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence s aplikacemi, jako jsou ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot a dal\u0161\u00ed, zp\u016fsobil prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst popt\u00e1vky po elekt\u0159in\u011b, proto\u017ee tr\u00e9nov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto slo\u017eit\u00fdch model\u016f a \u00fadr\u017eba datov\u00fdch center vy\u017eaduje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e1 agentura ve sv\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b o elekt\u0159in\u011b z ledna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee spot\u0159eba elekt\u0159iny v t\u011bchto provozech se v letech 2022 a\u017e 2026 v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed na 1 000 TWh. Velk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 firmy proto p\u0159i\u0161ly s my\u0161lenkou vyu\u017e\u00edt k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu jadernou energii. Na rozd\u00edl od sol\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo v\u011btrn\u00e9 energie, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na po\u010das\u00ed, nab\u00edz\u00ed jadern\u00e1 energie nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdkon, obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed elekt\u0159iny a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 emise.<\/p>\n

Datov\u00e1 centra s vlastn\u00edmi reaktory<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost Google (GOOGL) zaznamenala v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce n\u00e1r\u016fst spot\u0159eby elekt\u0159iny o 17 %, a proto podnikla kroky k za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energie do sv\u00e9 strategie. Spolupr\u00e1ce s americkou firmou Kairos Power, kterou uzav\u0159ela v polovin\u011b \u0159\u00edjna, zajist\u00ed, \u017ee jejich centra budou poh\u00e1n\u011bna mal\u00fdmi modul\u00e1rn\u00edmi reaktory (SMR). Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti nebyly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny, ale je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee prvn\u00ed reaktor by m\u011bl zah\u00e1jit provoz v roce 2030 a dal\u0161\u00ed budou n\u00e1sledovat o p\u011bt let pozd\u011bji, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e celkem bude dod\u00e1vat 500 MW elekt\u0159iny. V\u00fdhodou reaktor\u016f SMR je, \u017ee jsou n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e konven\u010dn\u00ed reaktory, a proto mohou b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bny v bl\u00edzkosti nap\u00e1jen\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, zat\u00edmco ty z Kairosu jsou nav\u00edc chlazeny nikoli vodou, ale rozpu\u0161t\u011bnou sol\u00ed. Michael Terrell, vrchn\u00ed \u0159editel spole\u010dnosti Google pro energetiku a klima, uvedl pro CNBC, \u017ee technologie um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence vy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 zdroje energie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jadern\u00e1 energie je pro uspokojen\u00ed popt\u00e1vky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1. Takov\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee spole\u010dnosti Google tak\u00e9 pomoci splnit jej\u00ed emisn\u00ed c\u00edle.<\/p>\n

Elekt\u0159ina z j\u00e1dra<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Podobnou strategii zaujala i spole\u010dnost Microsoft (MSFT), kter\u00e1 ji\u017e v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podepsala dvacetiletou smlouvu na n\u00e1kup elekt\u0159iny z jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Three Mile Island, jej\u00ed\u017e op\u011btovn\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no na rok 2028. V pensylv\u00e1nsk\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 nejhor\u0161\u00ed jadernou katastrofou v USA, bude obnoven reaktor prvn\u00edho bloku, kter\u00fd byl v provozu do roku 2019. Spole\u010dnost Constellation Energy, kter\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rnu vlastn\u00ed, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee reaktor bude pracovat odd\u011blen\u011b od bloku, kde do\u0161lo k hav\u00e1rii, a vynalo\u017e\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2 miliardy dolar\u016f ve snaze zlep\u0161it bezpe\u010dnost a \u00fa\u010dinnost elektr\u00e1rny. Krom\u011b toho podle BBC obnoven\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny pom\u016f\u017ee Microsoftu v jeho c\u00edli sn\u00ed\u017eit emise, p\u0159id\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00edch 800 MW elekt\u0159iny, ale hlavn\u011b p\u0159inese v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 tis\u00edce nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/p>\n

Rozjezd bude tvrd\u00fdm o\u0159\u00ed\u0161kem<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hav\u00e1rie na Three Mile Island a tak\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e1 nestabilita v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee se USA odvr\u00e1tily od v\u00fdroby jadern\u00e9 energie, co\u017e vedlo k uzav\u0159en\u00ed mnoha elektr\u00e1ren, ale boom v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence m\u016f\u017ee jejich br\u00e1ny znovu otev\u0159\u00edt. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee provoz na ostrov\u011b Three Mile Island byl napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n k \u00fapln\u00e9mu uzav\u0159en\u00ed, bude t\u0159eba znovu z\u00edskat od \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f v\u0161echna povolen\u00ed. Constellation pak bude muset kompletn\u011b vym\u011bnit celou infrastrukturu, od kabel\u016f po gener\u00e1tory, a hlavn\u011b z\u00edskat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 palivo, co\u017e nebude tak snadn\u00e9 kv\u016fli sankc\u00edm uvalen\u00fdm na Rusko nebo probl\u00e9m\u016fm v Kazachst\u00e1nu. Dal\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem bude neochota okoln\u00edho obyvatelstva kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nehoda vyvolala, p\u0159esto\u017ee nem\u011bla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>\n

Ceny uranu mohou vzr\u016fst<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po jadern\u00e9 energii se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu odraz\u00ed v cen\u00e1ch uranu, proto\u017ee smlouvy o dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch se uzav\u00edraj\u00ed na del\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed dop\u0159edu. Pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdhled pro tuto komoditu p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 i Bank of America, podle n\u00ed\u017e by ceny mohly r\u016fst spolu s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi deficity v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch t\u0159ech letech. [1] Podle \u00fadaj\u016f sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dodavatele uranov\u00e9ho paliva, spole\u010dnosti Cameco, \u010dinila spotov\u00e1 cena uranu k 16. \u0159\u00edjnu 2024 82 USD a jeho dlouhodob\u00e1 cena 81,50 USD. Cena futures kontrakt\u016f obchodovan\u00fdch na newyorsk\u00e9 komoditn\u00ed burze ve stejn\u00fd den \u010dinila 83,150 dolaru za libru. *<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj spotov\u00fdch a dlouhodob\u00fdch cen uranu za posledn\u00edch 5 let (zdroj: Cameco.com)*<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj cen futures na uran za posledn\u00edch 5 let (zdroj: Trading Economics)*.<\/em><\/p>\n

Rizika spojen\u00e1 s jadern\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory sv\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 energetika kontroverzn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm environment\u00e1ln\u00edm a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm. Samotn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba uranu m\u016f\u017ee kontaminovat okoln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed radioaktivn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami, nemluv\u011b o tom, \u017ee i kdy\u017e je uranu dostatek na stovky let, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vy\u010derpateln\u00fd zdroj. Elektr\u00e1rny zase p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k tepeln\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed oh\u0159\u00e1tou vodu do jezer a oce\u00e1n\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e naru\u0161uj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my. Faktem tak\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdstavba je n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 a \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduje povolen\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s radioaktivn\u00edm odpadem, jeho\u017e obsah m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b dlouho toxick\u00fd, a jeho likvidace. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody na chlazen\u00ed, co\u017e je st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, proto\u017ee zm\u011bna klimatu vede k vysych\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.[1]<\/a> Lidi tak\u00e9 odrazuj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 katastrofy, kter\u00fdch sice bylo v historii m\u00e1lo, ale m\u011bly obrovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky, umocn\u011bn\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00fdm zneu\u017eit\u00edm pro jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b.<\/p>\n

Odklon od obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli je takto vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina slibn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a cloud computing, jej\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed technologick\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi nen\u00ed bez nev\u00fdhod. Ekologick\u00e1 a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika rozhodn\u011b nelze ignorovat, ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee stejn\u011b jako jsme p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety zaznamenali odklon od jadern\u00e9 energie a trend k obnoviteln\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm, nyn\u00ed jsme sv\u011bdky opaku. Je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 naj\u00edt kombinaci \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00fdch\u201c \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, co\u017e se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b uk\u00e1\u017ee a\u017e \u010dasem.<\/p>\n

Olivia Lacenov\u00e1, hlavn\u00ed analyti\u010dka spole\u010dnosti <\/em><\/strong>Wonderinterest Trading Ltd.<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

* Minul\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnost nen\u00ed z\u00e1rukou budouc\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n

[1] V\u00fdhledov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z p\u0159edpoklad\u016f a sou\u010dasn\u00fdch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mohou b\u00fdt nep\u0159esn\u00e1, nebo ze sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit.<\/em> Takov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nejsou z\u00e1rukou budouc\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/em> Zahrnuj\u00ed rizika a dal\u0161\u00ed nejistoty, kter\u00e9 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00eddat.<\/em> V\u00fdsledky se mohou podstatn\u011b li\u0161it od v\u00fdsledk\u016f vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fdch nebo nazna\u010den\u00fdch v jak\u00fdchkoli v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.themomentum.com\/roundups\/the-5-biggest-disadvantages-of-nuclear-power<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Velc\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di jako Google a Microsoft se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s obrovskou energetickou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost\u00ed tr\u00e9ninku a provozu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[3101,1042,285],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65158"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65158"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65161,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65158\/revisions\/65161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}