{"id":65133,"date":"2024-10-30T00:38:37","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T23:38:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65133"},"modified":"2024-10-29T15:48:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T14:48:21","slug":"nejlepsi-prispevek-k-nejdulezitejsim-rozhodnutim-setkani-brics-v-kazani-mnohem-dulezitejsi-nez-se-na-prvni-pohled-zda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/30\/nejlepsi-prispevek-k-nejdulezitejsim-rozhodnutim-setkani-brics-v-kazani-mnohem-dulezitejsi-nez-se-na-prvni-pohled-zda\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm setk\u00e1n\u00ed BRICS v Kazani \u2013 mnohem d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1!"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Toto je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1kno, kter\u00e9 jste o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00ed BRICS v Kazani \u010detli. Jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsem si na prvn\u00ed pohled myslel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jacques Sapir je renomovan\u00fd francouzsk\u00fd ekonom a jeden z p\u0159edn\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f na ruskou ekonomiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee je jeho\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve francouz\u0161tin\u011b, zde je kompletn\u00ed p\u0159eklad.<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eD\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed byla p\u0159ijata na summitu BRICS, kter\u00fd se konal v Kazani od 22. do 24. \u0159\u00edjna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee zem\u011b BRICS (Braz\u00edlie, Rusko, Indie, \u010c\u00edna a Ji\u017en\u00ed Afrika), ke kter\u00fdm se p\u0159ipojily \u010dty\u0159i nov\u00e9 zem\u011b (Egypt, Etiopie, \u00cdr\u00e1n a Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty), nyn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 33 procent glob\u00e1ln\u00ed HDP ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 29 procenty v G7.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0159i z t\u011bchto rozhodnut\u00ed vynikaj\u00ed: institucionalizace kategorie \u201epartnersk\u00e1 zem\u011b\u201c v r\u00e1mci BRICS, vytvo\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu BRICS Clear pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed obchodu mezi \u010dleny a partnersk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a zalo\u017een\u00ed (za)poji\u0161\u0165ovny BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fsledky t\u011bchto rozhodnut\u00ed budou m\u00edt velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam nejen pro zem\u011b BRICS a jejich partnery, ale tak\u00e9 pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed sv\u011bt. Pohyb sm\u011brem ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201edewesternizaci\u201c se zrychluje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z nejsymboli\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed kaza\u0148sk\u00e9ho summitu byla institucionalizace kategorie \u201epartnersk\u00fdch zem\u00ed\u201c v r\u00e1mci BRICS. To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u201ez\u00f3nu BRICS\u201c kolem hlavn\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edtomnost Indon\u00e9sie, Malajsie, Thajska a Vietnamu v t\u00e9to kategorii \u201epartner\u016f\u201c nazna\u010duje, \u017ee zem\u011b BRICS, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e v Asii dominuj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010dlenstv\u00ed \u010c\u00edny a Indie, by mohly v tomto regionu dos\u00e1hnout hegemonie.<\/span><\/p>\n

BRICS Summit je z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed BRICS Clear, syst\u00e9mu vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed jak pro obchod v r\u00e1mci zem\u00ed BRICS, tak pro obchod mezi zem\u011bmi BRICS a jejich \u201epartnersk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f BRICS Clear je vytvo\u0159it alternativu k syst\u00e9mu SWIFT. V r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu BRICS Clear je preferov\u00e1no pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011bn jako n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch transakc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Transakce jsou zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u201establecoinu\u201c spravovan\u00e9ho New Development Bank. Vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee obchod bude multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed (22 zem\u00ed: 9 \u010dlen\u016f BRICS a 13 partnersk\u00fdch zem\u00ed).<\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m je zalo\u017een na Evropsk\u00e9 platebn\u00ed unii (1950-1957). V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byly v\u00fdpo\u010dty transakc\u00ed a kone\u010dn\u00e9 vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bny v dolarech. U BRICS Clear slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00fa\u010dtovac\u00ed jednotka \u201establecoin\u201c a kone\u010dn\u00e9 vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obchod vy\u017eaduje poji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed slu\u017eby (jak pro smlouvu samotnou, tak pro p\u0159epravu); tyto poji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed slu\u017eby zahrnuj\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed \u010dinnost. S BRICS (Re) Insurance Company posiluj\u00ed BRICS svou nez\u00e1vislost na z\u00e1padn\u00edch poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto opat\u0159en\u00ed, t\u0159et\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed kaza\u0148sk\u00e9ho summitu, usnadn\u00ed obchod v r\u00e1mci zem\u00ed BRICS i s \u201epartnersk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi\u201c a obecn\u011b s jakoukoli zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 chce obchodovat se \u201ez\u00f3nou BRICS\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed dv\u011b opat\u0159en\u00ed (BRICS Clear a Insurance Company), p\u0159ijat\u00e1 na 16. summitu BRICS v Kazani, budou m\u00edt nevyhnuteln\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed obchodn\u00ed strukturu a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dolar\u016f a eur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vliv na strukturu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu lze rozd\u011blit do dvou kategori\u00ed: Prvn\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodn\u00edch tok\u016f z d\u016fvodu preferen\u010dn\u00edch podm\u00ednek pro obchod v r\u00e1mci zem\u00ed BRICS a mezi partnery BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Exportn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta pro zem\u011b \u201emimo BRICS\u201c a z\u00e1padn\u00ed zem\u011b bude \u010dinit 5 a\u017e 7 procent objemu z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed. Toto \u010d\u00edslo nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee se v z\u00e1vislosti na zemi zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161it a pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b by mohlo m\u00edt destabilizuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fsledky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm, bezprost\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fsledkem je nevyhnuteln\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta obchod\u016f pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny a zaji\u0161\u0165ovny specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na komer\u010dn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u011bnov\u00e9 d\u016fsledky masivn\u00ed a relativn\u011b rychl\u00e9 dedolarizace budou zna\u010dn\u00e9, i kdy\u017e dv\u011b zem\u011b BRICS (Indie a Braz\u00edlie) odm\u00edtaj\u00ed term\u00edn \u201ededolarizace\u201c, ale obhajuj\u00ed a podporuj\u00ed clearingov\u00fd syst\u00e9m BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obchod v r\u00e1mci zem\u00ed BRICS a s partnersk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi tvo\u0159\u00ed 35 a\u017e 40 procent sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu. \u010c\u00e1st z toho se ji\u017e prov\u00e1d\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch, ale je velmi nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee tento pod\u00edl p\u0159es\u00e1hne 20 procent obchodu v r\u00e1mci BRICS a s partnersk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 28 a\u017e 32 procent sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu, kter\u00fd se v sou\u010dasnosti prov\u00e1d\u00ed v dolarech a eurech, by mohlo b\u00fdt postupn\u011b p\u0159evedeno na obchod nez\u00e1visl\u00fd na dolarech a eurech v r\u00e1mci BRICS Clear.<\/span><\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b by se pod\u00edl \u201ededolarizovan\u00fd\u201c BRICS Clear b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch p\u011bti let pohyboval mezi 70 a 80 procenty, co\u017e by p\u0159edstavovalo 19,5 a\u017e 25,5 procenta sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu. Mechanicky by se odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem sn\u00ed\u017eil pod\u00edl dolaru na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee m\u011bnov\u00e9 pod\u00edly na rezerv\u00e1ch centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky zhruba odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto m\u011bn v obchodu, pod\u00edl dolaru by mohl klesnout z 58 % celkov\u00fdch identifikovan\u00fdch rezerv na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 35\u201340 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pod\u00edl eura by byl ovlivn\u011bn daleko m\u00e9n\u011b, proto\u017ee euro se v sou\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v r\u00e1mci obchodu v r\u00e1mci Spole\u010denstv\u00ed a s bezprost\u0159edn\u00edmi partnery z EU, kde je dopad obchodu se \u201ez\u00f3nou BRICS\u201c \u2013 s v\u00fdjimkou Turecka \u2013 n\u00edzk\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dopad by se v\u0161ak neomezil pouze na prudk\u00fd pokles dolaru a pos\u00edlen\u00ed \u201eostatn\u00edch m\u011bn\u201c. Dolarov\u00e9 rezervy centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank jsou dr\u017eeny ve form\u011b americk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rezerv centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky z 58 % na 34\u201339 % by vedlo k masivn\u00edmu prodeji st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f, co\u017e by m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek kolaps trhu st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f a zna\u010dn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee pro ministerstvo financ\u00ed USA s refinancov\u00e1n\u00edm americk\u00e9ho dluhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lze tedy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed clearingov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu BRICS bude m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na stabilitu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho m\u011bnov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a zejm\u00e9na na \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00ed\u201c \u010d\u00e1st tohoto sv\u011btov\u00e9ho m\u011bnov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Toto je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1kno, kter\u00e9 jste o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00ed BRICS v Kazani \u010detli….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1161,1324,59,276,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65133"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65133"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65133\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}