{"id":65122,"date":"2024-10-30T00:31:24","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T23:31:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65122"},"modified":"2024-10-29T15:18:05","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T14:18:05","slug":"odposlechy-odposlechu-jak-sifrovaci-zadni-vratka-oteviraji-dvere-hackerum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/30\/odposlechy-odposlechu-jak-sifrovaci-zadni-vratka-oteviraji-dvere-hackerum\/","title":{"rendered":"Odposlechy odposlech\u016f: Jak \u0161ifrovac\u00ed zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka otev\u00edraj\u00ed dve\u0159e hacker\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 proslul\u00e9 a prominentn\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kari\u00e9\u0159e v Big Tech m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt prezidentka Signal Meredith Whittaker jinou p\u0159edstavu o tom, kdo jsou \u201eti dob\u0159\u00ed\u201c ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

A co v\u00edc, ostatn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee existuje n\u011bco jako \u201edob\u0159\u00ed ho\u0161i\u201c, kdy\u017e jde o to, aby se n\u011bkdo pokusil prolomit univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed online \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale Whittaker, kter\u00fd je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za aplikaci Signal, kter\u00e1 velmi tvrd\u011b pracuje na tom, aby se um\u00edstila jako \u201epr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u201c posl\u016f \u0161etrn\u00fdch k ochran\u011b soukrom\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnosti, tak \u010din\u00ed bu\u010f z hlubok\u00e9ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, nebo nem\u00e1 jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e to ud\u011blat. (vzhledem k povaze Sign\u00e1lu): Obhajuje \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Pozad\u00ed: bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed mezera a \u0161ifrovac\u00ed zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka<\/span><\/h2>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t jde o naru\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9ho se \u00fadajn\u011b dopustili \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed hacke\u0159i a kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159ovalo na \u0159adu americk\u00fdch telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a ISP spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto odkaz na \u201edobr\u00e9 lidi\u201c \u2013 Whittaker znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud USA zabuduj\u00ed \u0161ifrovac\u00ed zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka do internetu, neexistuje zp\u016fsob, jak zajistit, aby je mohly zneu\u017e\u00edt pouze USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

V tuto chv\u00edli se zd\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 znovu vysv\u011btlovat, pro\u010d tomu tak je a jak funguje \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, internet a r\u016fzn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed i vylo\u017een\u011b krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i. Ale pro lidi v pozad\u00ed \u2013 a to zahrnuje mnoho z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f a politik\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 by se mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u011blo \u0159\u00edkat je\u0161t\u011b \u201ehlasit\u011bji\u201c:<\/span><\/p>\n

Jakmile jsou \u0161ifrovac\u00ed zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka rozvr\u00e1cena a rozbita, slou\u017e\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo je dostate\u010dn\u011b chytr\u00fd, aby je mohl pou\u017e\u00edvat \u2013 a to zjevn\u011b nezahrnuje pouze vl\u00e1du nebo vl\u00e1dn\u00ed hackery obecn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

V s\u00e1zce: Mimo soukromou komunikaci<\/span><\/h2>\n

A na siln\u00e9m a spolehliv\u00e9m \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 jen soukrom\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, chaty a podobn\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty, firmy a pota\u017emo jejich \u017eivobyt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto mnoho vl\u00e1d po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b velmi tvrd\u011b pracuje na podkop\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby uspokojily \u010dasto \u010dist\u011b politickou pot\u0159ebu m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup ke komunikaci v\u0161ech za v\u0161ech okolnost\u00ed \u2013 a skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed to za z\u00e1minku domn\u011bl\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku, aby se org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zab\u00fdvaly v\u011bcmi jako B\u00fdt schopen vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se s terorismem a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm d\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 jako je tomu dnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Whittaker publikoval p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o tom, co \u0159ekl, byla \u201ekatastrofick\u00e1 a masivn\u00ed\u201c \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 odposlouch\u00e1vac\u00ed kampa\u0148, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavovala \u201erozs\u00e1hlou sb\u00edrku\u201c internetov\u00e9ho provozu Ameri\u010dan\u016f. P\u0159idala sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek: „Pokud cel\u00e1 technick\u00e1 komunita \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee legislativa EU ChatControl a podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost, pak to s efektem nep\u0159eh\u00e1n\u00edme.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Historick\u00fd kontext a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec<\/span><\/h2>\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku Wall\u00a0<\/span>Street Journal,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na kter\u00fd odkazovala, se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed hacke\u0159i \u201ekompromitovali odposlouch\u00e1vac\u00ed port\u00e1ly (syst\u00e9my odposlech\u016f) vy\u017eadovan\u00e9 americk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem\u201c \u2013 a varoval: \u201eM\u011bjte to na pam\u011bti, a\u017e bude vl\u00e1da d\u011blat dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 po\u017eaduje \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je tak\u00e9 dobrou p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou toho, jak funguj\u00ed odposlechov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro poskytovatele telekomunikac\u00ed a internetu ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), schv\u00e1len\u00fd v roce 1994, umo\u017enil org\u00e1n\u016fm \u010dinn\u00fdm v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed odposlouch\u00e1vat tehdy vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fmysl mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f. A te\u010f se zd\u00e1, \u017ee je n\u011bkdo poslouchal bez zatyka\u010de – alespo\u0148 bez zatyka\u010de vydan\u00e9ho americk\u00fdmi soudy.<\/span><\/p>\n

CALEA m\u00e1 \u201eusnadnit sd\u00edlen\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f o z\u00e1kazn\u00edc\u00edch s org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00fdmi v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (USA) a vl\u00e1dami.\u201c To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee poskytovatel\u00e9 internetu a telekomunikac\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm sv\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, a to a\u017e k historii provozu a prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, a \u017ee kdy\u017e je o to po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1no, tato data se dostanou k donucovac\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto je dal\u0161\u00ed z t\u011bch z\u00e1kon\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly schv\u00e1leny p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let, v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch toho, co dnes zn\u00e1me jako internet a s\u00ed\u0165 slu\u017eeb a platforem, kter\u00e9 se po n\u011bm rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1vy tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201evy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c je st\u00e1le v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi. Pokud se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee za t\u00edm stoj\u00ed \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9, kdo v\u00ed, zda to skute\u010dn\u011b schv\u00e1lil soud, nebo za t\u00edm stoj\u00ed vl\u00e1da.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale abych parafr\u00e1zoval Whittaker\u016fv n\u00e1zor, tentokr\u00e1t to nejsou USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br by mohl zn\u00edt tak, \u017ee je \u010das p\u0159estat mluvit o \u201ehodn\u00fdch lidech\u201c \u2013 nebo p\u0159edefinovat poselstv\u00ed \u2013, pokud jde o zd\u00e1nliv\u011b non\u0161alantn\u011b podkop\u00e1vat \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed v z\u00e1jmu sou\u010dasn\u00e9 politiky, na kter\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a soukrom\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd na internetu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koneckonc\u016f to nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 raketov\u00e1 v\u011bda, jen dobr\u00fd (technick\u00fd) rozum: dob\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou ti, kdo obhajuj\u00ed siln\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zl\u00ed ho\u0161i jsou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed je cht\u011bj\u00ed oslabit \u2013 nebo u\u017e je oslabili prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nejasn\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f, jako je ten, kter\u00fd Ameri\u010dan\u016fm nyn\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 zpravodajstv\u00ed o \u00fadajn\u00e9m \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m hacku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b debaty o \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci prosazuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ifrovac\u00ed zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka, zahalen\u00ed uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e9torikou \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c a \u201eprevence zlo\u010dinu\u201c. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo m\u00e1 sebemen\u0161\u00ed znalosti o tom, jak funguje digit\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, z pln\u00fdch plic k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed: \u201eNed\u011blejte to, vy idioti!<\/span><\/p>\n

Kluzk\u00fd svah p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ujasn\u011bme si jednu v\u011bc. Ve chv\u00edli, kdy do \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed zabudujete zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka, m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 p\u0159edat kl\u00ed\u010de ka\u017ed\u00e9mu hackerovi, zlot\u0159il\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu a znud\u011bn\u00e9mu teenagerovi s notebookem a z\u00e1\u0161\u0165. My\u0161lenka, \u017ee zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka lze postavit jen pro \u201edobr\u00e9 hochy\u201c, je tak cenn\u00e1, \u017ee by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zar\u00e1mov\u00e1na do zlata a prod\u00e1na na Etsy jako retro relikvie politick\u00e9 naivity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historie n\u00e1s u\u010d\u00ed, co se stane, kdy\u017e otev\u0159ete \u0161patn\u00e9 dve\u0159e – ka\u017ed\u00fd vejde dovnit\u0159. Pamatujete si, kdy\u017e v roce 2017 \u201en\u00e1hodn\u011b\u201c unikli hackersk\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje NSA? Toto mal\u00e9 ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed vyvolalo glob\u00e1ln\u00ed vlnu ransomwarov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f, kter\u00e9 ochromily nemocnice, podniky i vl\u00e1dy. Pokud nejl\u00e9pe financovan\u00e1 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed agentura na sv\u011bt\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee dr\u017eet sv\u00e9 hra\u010dky pod z\u00e1mkem, jak p\u0159esn\u011b m\u00e1 b\u00fdt tato zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 pouze \u201eopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu person\u00e1lu\u201c?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne, jakmile ohroz\u00edte syst\u00e9m \u2013 bez ohledu na to, jak u\u0161lechtil\u00e9 jsou va\u0161e d\u016fvody \u2013 p\u0159edali jste kl\u00ed\u010de k internetu komukoli, kdo m\u016f\u017ee z\u00e1mek vybrat. A v\u011b\u0159te, \u017ee v\u017edy se najde n\u011bkdo, kdo to dok\u00e1\u017ee.<\/span><\/p>\n

Finan\u010dn\u00ed apokalypsa, kterou jste si objednali, je na cest\u011b<\/span><\/h2>\n

Poj\u010fme se bavit o pen\u011bz\u00edch. Proto\u017ee jestli existuje n\u011bco, co lidi nut\u00ed se posadit a v\u0161\u00edmat si toho, pak je to pohled na propad jejich bankovn\u00edho z\u016fstatku.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017dijeme ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde v\u0161echno \u2013 absolutn\u011b v\u0161echno \u2013 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd online n\u00e1kup, ka\u017ed\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed transakce. Nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u0161ifruj\u00ed sv\u00e1 data ne jako vtip, ale proto, \u017ee jsou v s\u00e1zce miliardy dolar\u016f. Pokud oslab\u00edte \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, oslab\u00edte d\u016fv\u011bru v tyto transakce a najednou je to snadn\u00e1 hra pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo chce ukr\u00e1st rychlou miliardu. Hacke\u0159i zp\u016fsob\u00ed zmatek a spole\u010dnosti p\u0159ijdou o pen\u00edze rychleji, ne\u017e stihnou zalepit d\u00edry. D\u016fv\u011bra? Zmizel. A s n\u00ed biliony dolar\u016f v ekonomick\u00e9 stabilit\u011b. Ale jist\u011b, p\u00e1r zadn\u00edch vr\u00e1tek pro boj se zlo\u010dinem. To za to stoj\u00ed, ne?<\/span><\/p>\n

Soukrom\u00ed versus bezpe\u010dnost: \u0160patn\u00e1 volba, kterou si ka\u017ed\u00fd r\u00e1d vybere<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed dr\u017e\u00ed sk\u00f3re, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed klasick\u00fd argument \u201emus\u00edme si vybrat mezi soukrom\u00edm a bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed\u201c. Upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na spoiler: Nen\u00ed to volba. Ve skute\u010dnosti je to ta nejnepravdiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00e1 dichotomie, kter\u00e1 existuje. Tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee mus\u00edme ob\u011btovat sv\u00e9 soukrom\u00e9 \u017eivoty v z\u00e1jmu bezpe\u010dnosti, je stejn\u011b star\u00e9 jako myln\u00e9. Nen\u00ed to jen l\u00edn\u00e9, je to nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jde o to: siln\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed oboj\u00ed. To je podstata. Nemus\u00edte si vyb\u00edrat! Solidn\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed padouchy mimo va\u0161e e-maily a, ano, tak\u00e9 je chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed kritickou infrastrukturou. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, vodn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch \u2013 podobn\u00fdch mali\u010dkostech. A poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo vychrl\u00ed tento nesmysl \u201eochrana soukrom\u00ed vs. bezpe\u010dnost\u201c, ve skute\u010dnosti se sna\u017e\u00ed odvr\u00e1tit pozornost od skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee siln\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje oboj\u00ed. Oslaben\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed nezvy\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnost, ale ni\u010d\u00ed ji pro v\u0161echny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e d\u016fv\u011bra zem\u0159e, jde s n\u00ed i internet<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nezapom\u00ednejme na mali\u010dkost d\u016fv\u011bry. V\u00edte, v\u011bc, na kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt postaven cel\u00fd internet. Pokud se vyd\u00e1me cestou vl\u00e1dou na\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch \u0161ifrovac\u00edch zadn\u00edch vr\u00e1tek, bude m\u00edt pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd ob\u010dan pocit, \u017ee chod\u00ed s obrovsk\u00fdm c\u00edlem na z\u00e1dech. Lid\u00e9 p\u0159estanou d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat online slu\u017eb\u00e1m, aby byla jejich data v bezpe\u010d\u00ed. A co lid\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e u\u017e instituc\u00edm nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed? Hledaj\u00ed alternativy \u2013 m\u00e9n\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativy. Najednou u\u017e str\u00e1\u017eci z\u00e1kona nejdou jen po zlo\u010dineck\u00fdch str\u016fjc\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 po babi\u010dk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed VPN pos\u00edlaj\u00ed pen\u00edze sv\u00fdm vnou\u010dat\u016fm k narozenin\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde jsou v\u0161ichni paranoidn\u00ed a nikdo nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed jejich technologi\u00edm, se internet nest\u00e1v\u00e1 bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e chaoti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Hodn\u011b \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016fm \u010dinn\u00fdm v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 proslul\u00e9 a prominentn\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kari\u00e9\u0159e v Big Tech m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt prezidentka Signal…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19289,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1647,3715,7195],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65122"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65122"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65122\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}