{"id":65102,"date":"2024-10-29T06:33:49","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T05:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65102"},"modified":"2024-10-29T06:33:49","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T05:33:49","slug":"uriel-araujo-brics-se-poprve-zavazuje-k-digitalni-suverenite-a-brazilie-by-mohla-byt-v-cele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/29\/uriel-araujo-brics-se-poprve-zavazuje-k-digitalni-suverenite-a-brazilie-by-mohla-byt-v-cele\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: BRICS se poprv\u00e9 zavazuje k digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenit\u011b \u2013 a Braz\u00edlie by mohla b\u00fdt v \u010dele"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce brazilsk\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud zru\u0161il z\u00e1kaz X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) pot\u00e9, co Elon Musk kone\u010dn\u011b vyhov\u011bl soudn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016fm. Byl to konec m\u011bs\u00edce trvaj\u00edc\u00edho sporu mezi soudcem Alexandrem de Moraesem a Muskem (X byl suspendov\u00e1n 31. srpna). Tato z\u00e1le\u017eitost byla \u010dasto \u0159e\u0161ena jako ot\u00e1zka \u201esvobody projevu\u201c, ale s ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm ze summitu BRICS o digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenit\u011b je jasn\u011b vid\u011bt, \u017ee diskuse by zde nem\u011bla b\u00fdt jen o \u201ecenzu\u0159e\u201c. Summit BRICS v Kazani, kter\u00fd se konal od 22. do 24. \u0159\u00edjna (2024), poprv\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1dal setk\u00e1n\u00ed v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9m form\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed zahrnuje nov\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, jako je \u00cdr\u00e1n, Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, Egypt a Etiopie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u0159\u00edve, je pravda, jak zd\u016fraznilo mnoho kritik\u016f a analytik\u016f, \u017ee Moraes vyzbrojil v\u00e1lku proti takzvan\u00e9 brazilsk\u00e9 krajn\u00ed pravici a \u00fadajnou obranu demokracie jako zp\u016fsob, jak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it moc soudu a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeho vlastn\u00ed s\u00edly. Ji\u017e v roce 2023 \u010dl\u00e1nek New York Times\u00a0pouk\u00e1zal na<\/a>\u00a0to, \u017ee Moraes \u201euv\u011bznil lidi bez soudu za zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eek na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch; pomohl odsoudit sed\u00edc\u00edho kongresmana k t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dev\u00edti let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed za vyhro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed soudu; na\u0159\u00eddil n\u00e1jezdy na obchodn\u00edky s mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm d\u016fkaz\u016f o provin\u011bn\u00ed; odvolal z funkce zvolen\u00e9ho guvern\u00e9ra; a jednostrann\u011b zablokovali des\u00edtky \u00fa\u010dt\u016f a tis\u00edce p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, prakticky bez transparentnosti nebo prostoru pro odvol\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt Moraesova kontroverzn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pou\u017eita ke zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed, \u0159ekn\u011bme, brazilsk\u00e9 \u201es\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique\u201c, Muskovo nerespektov\u00e1n\u00ed soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f m\u00edstn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f by skute\u010dn\u011b mohlo tak\u00e9 zpochybnit miliard\u00e1\u0159e a jeho spole\u010dnosti, nemluv\u011b o politick\u00e9 roli. mohou hr\u00e1t. Jde to mimo Muska, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b. V zem\u00edch, jako jsou USA, prob\u00edh\u00e1 neust\u00e1l\u00e1 konverzace o tom, jak soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia jako Facebook a Instagram \u2013 nemluv\u011b o jejich algoritmech \u2013 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed politiku a volby lid\u00ed. Kontroverze stranou, Braz\u00edlie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 donutit Big Tech, aby vyhov\u011bla. Krom\u011b toho toto t\u00e9ma vyvolalo v Braz\u00edlii v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed konverzaci o n\u00e1rodn\u00ed platform\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed \u2013 nebo, kdy\u017e na to p\u0159ijde, o n\u00e1rodn\u00edm vyhled\u00e1va\u010di. Dodnes se Braz\u00edlie ve skute\u010dnosti mus\u00ed spol\u00e9hat na americk\u00e9 produkty, jako je Google. Nemus\u00ed to tak b\u00fdt. Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e\u00a0<\/span>je ekonomick\u00fd nacionalismus zp\u011bt<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, je jen p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee tento stav v\u011bc\u00ed zpochyb\u0148ujeme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jde o strategickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost, kter\u00e1 p\u0159esahuje i soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia \u2013 v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku jde o digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenitu, koncept, kter\u00fd p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed geoekonomick\u00e9 a geopolitick\u00e9 oblasti. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby dnes zahrnuj\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed, jako je doprava, energetika, ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ID, zdravotnictv\u00ed, platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

V Evrop\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 neust\u00e1l\u00e1 debata o rozvoji toho, co n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed #EuroStack, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 infrastruktury spol\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed na evropsk\u00e9 technologie a investice. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cristina Caffarra (je spoluzakladatelkou a m\u00edstop\u0159edsedkyn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pro v\u00fdzkum politiky hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee, Centrum pro v\u00fdzkum hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky \u2013 CEPR): \u201eEvropa provedla digit\u00e1ln\u00ed regulaci a je v procesu jej\u00ed implementace. Ale v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku to z\u00e1vis\u00ed pouze na tom, jak porazit Big Tech ve h\u0159e s dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016f, co\u017e je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 a bude to trvat dlouho.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 24. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se v\u00edcestrann\u00e1 skupina poslanc\u016f Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu z\u00fa\u010dastnila konference \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Sm\u011brem k evropsk\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c v Bruselu. Podle Francescy Bria (\u010dlenka ze Stiftung Mercator) jde o investice do \u201eve\u0159ejn\u00fdch statk\u016f a infrastruktur, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va ob\u010dan\u016f, zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed evropskou autonomii a bezpe\u010dnost, podporuj\u00ed r\u016fst evropsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f a slou\u017e\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu\u201c. Bria zd\u016fraz\u0148uje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee velk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u201eovl\u00e1daj\u00ed cel\u00fd technologick\u00fd bal\u00edk \u2013 od \u010dip\u016f a cloudov\u00e9 infrastruktury a\u017e po opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my\u2026 \u2013 upev\u0148uj\u00ed svou pozici na trhu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch efekt\u016f a \u00faspor z rozsahu\u2026 To brzd\u00ed inovace, omezuje p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro evropsk\u00e9 podniky a podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 ekonomickou bezpe\u010dnost Evropy a pr\u016fmyslovou konkurenceschopnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se tolik mluv\u00ed o dedolarizaci ao t\u00e9matu\u00a0<\/span>m\u011bny pro BRICS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. V \u00fater\u00fd se b\u00fdval\u00e1 brazilsk\u00e1 prezidentka Dilma Rousseffov\u00e1 (v sou\u010dasnosti prezidentka banky BRICS) setkala v Kazani s rusk\u00fdm prezidentem Vladimirem Putinem a diskutovala o expanzi BRICS a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn, kter\u00e9 nahrazuj\u00ed dolar. Do\u0161lo v\u0161ak k dal\u0161\u00edmu nov\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji, kter\u00fd byl dosud zcela podce\u0148ov\u00e1n: skupina BRICS se poprv\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>Kaza\u0148sk\u00e9 deklaraci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zav\u00e1zala k \u201en\u00e1vrhu spravedliv\u00e9ho a spravedliv\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce pro spr\u00e1vu dat, v\u010detn\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9ho hrani\u010dn\u00edch tok\u016f dat, abychom… zajistili interoperabilitu regula\u010dn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f pro \u00fadaje na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Spolehlivost na extern\u00ed schopnosti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a extern\u00ed cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u010din\u00ed strategick\u00e1 aktiva a v\u0161echny druhy citliv\u00fdch dat zraniteln\u00fdmi v\u016f\u010di zahrani\u010dn\u00edm r\u00e1mc\u016fm, jako je americk\u00fd z\u00e1kon CLOUD (to plat\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>i pro Evropu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, Evropan\u00e9, i kdy\u017e trochu pomalu, se nyn\u00ed touto problematikou zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomenete, \u017ee v roce 2013 tehdej\u0161\u00ed brazilsk\u00e1 prezidentka Dilma Roussefov\u00e1 navrhla p\u0159esm\u011brovat internetov\u00fd provoz pry\u010d z Washingtonu, jako sou\u010d\u00e1st strategie boje proti \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei Americk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed agentury (NSA): odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd pl\u00e1n zahrnoval v\u00fdvoj podmo\u0159sk\u00e9ho kabelov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu z optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. to by p\u0159esm\u011brovalo ve\u0161ker\u00fd internetov\u00fd provoz mezi jihoamerick\u00fdm kontinentem a Evropou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by se zcela obe\u0161lo USA, ale nepro\u0161lo. Vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b byli jak\u00a0<\/span>Roussef<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, tak n\u011bmeck\u00e1 kancl\u00e9\u0159ka\u00a0<\/span>Angela Merkelov\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ter\u010dem \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee NSA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je na\u010dase, aby se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se mocnosti, jako je Braz\u00edlie, odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b zab\u00fdvaly probl\u00e9mem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenity, um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence,\u00a0<\/span>digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti. A to je rozhovor, kter\u00fd se nyn\u00ed kone\u010dn\u011b za\u010dal odehr\u00e1vat i v r\u00e1mci skupiny BRICS \u2013 spolu s\u00a0<\/span>energetikou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>pr\u016fmyslem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(co\u017e jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u0161echna souvisej\u00edc\u00ed t\u00e9mata) by to mohl b\u00fdt velmi dob\u0159e jeden z nejpal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f pro 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok bude Braz\u00edlie hostit Summit BRICS \u2013 bude tak\u00e9 hostit Summit o klimatu 2025 (COP30). Braz\u00edlie, kter\u00e1 je v centru pozornosti G20, m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vyu\u017e\u00edt nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce k prosazen\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenity pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih v nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edm polycentrick\u00e9m glob\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du. M\u011bla by vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a vyzvat k rozvoji nejen pr\u00e1vn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastruktury, kter\u00e1 podporuje suverenitu. BRICS tak\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuje #BricsStack \u2013 a Braz\u00edlie by k tomu mohla uk\u00e1zat cestu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

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Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce brazilsk\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud zru\u0161il z\u00e1kaz X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) pot\u00e9, co Elon Musk…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,288,1161,5795],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65102\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}