{"id":65095,"date":"2024-10-29T06:14:17","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T05:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=65095"},"modified":"2024-10-29T06:14:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T05:14:17","slug":"uriel-araujo-problem-venezuely-strasi-volby-v-jizni-americe-nyni-je-rada-na-uruguayi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/29\/uriel-araujo-problem-venezuely-strasi-volby-v-jizni-americe-nyni-je-rada-na-uruguayi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Probl\u00e9m Venezuely stra\u0161\u00ed volby v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe \u2013 nyn\u00ed je \u0159ada na Uruguayi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tento t\u00fdden budou Uruguayci volit prezidenta a op\u011bt je mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt docela zn\u00e1m\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 pro jihoamerickou politiku, kdy levicov\u00fd kandid\u00e1t Yamand\u00fa Orsi kandiduje proti proamerick\u00e9mu kandid\u00e1tovi Alvaru Delgadovi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco debata o\u00a0<\/span>d\u016fchodov\u00e9 reform\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0byla \u017ehav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem, d\u016fle\u017eitou roli tentokr\u00e1t hraje ve volebn\u00edch debat\u00e1ch tak\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika, se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na Venezuelu. \u00da\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed prezident Lacalle Pou (v souladu s\u00a0<\/span>USA<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Peru, Ekv\u00e1dorem a Argentinou) uznal \u00fadajn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Edmunda Gonz\u00e1leze Urrutii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve venezuelsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch \u2013 proti ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmu v\u00fdsledku, podle kter\u00e9ho byl v\u00edt\u011bzem Nicolas Maduro, kter\u00fd se uch\u00e1zel o znovuzvolen\u00ed. Postoj Lacalle Pou se vymyk\u00e1 uruguaysk\u00e9 tradici pragmatick\u00e9 neutrality a znamen\u00e1 posun sm\u011brem k ideologick\u00e9mu spojen\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi pravicov\u00fdmi administrativami na kontinentu. Volby tento t\u00fdden mohou rozhodnout o tom, jak se Uruguay, zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlen Mercosuru, postav\u00ed, s region\u00e1ln\u00edmi d\u016fsledky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee Yamand\u00fa Orsi, prezidentsk\u00fd kandid\u00e1t uruguaysk\u00e9 levicov\u00e9 \u0160irok\u00e9 fronty (Frente Amplio), kter\u00fd vede pr\u016fzkumy, ned\u00e1vno ozna\u010dil Venezuelu za \u201ediktaturu\u201c. Volebn\u00ed kalkulace by v tom v\u0161ak mohla hr\u00e1t roli, proto\u017ee na kandid\u00e1ta byl vyv\u00edjen n\u00e1tlak, aby \u201eodsoudil\u201c Madur\u016fv re\u017eim. Orsi up\u0159ednost\u0148uje zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na obchodn\u00ed dohody v r\u00e1mci Mercosuru spolu s mimoregion\u00e1ln\u00edmi dohodami o voln\u00e9m obchodu a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za n\u011bkoho, kdo by byl ochoten jednat s venezuelsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady v Caracasu. Jeho oponent Alvaro Delgado (z vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strany) ost\u0159e odsoudil Orsiho za to, \u017ee je \u201em\u011bkk\u00fd k Venezuele\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Delgado slibuje, \u017ee prom\u011bn\u00ed Uruguay v \u201eprvn\u00ed vysp\u011blou zemi v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe\u201c a receptem na to je a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zn\u00e1m\u00fd neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ok, v\u010detn\u011b, jak slibuje, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f o 15 000. To je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u00e9ma pro Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriku u\u017e od devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let \u2013 ironi\u00ed je, \u017ee zat\u00edmco inspirace vzhl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k USA a Evrop\u011b, z\u00e1padn\u00ed konzervativci d\u011blaj\u00ed n\u011bco docela jin\u00e9ho. Vr\u00e1cen\u00edm protekcionismu,\u00a0<\/span>ekonomick\u00e9ho nacionalismu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a role st\u00e1tu (fenom\u00e9n trumpismu je toho jasn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem) se pravice jinde znovu objevila. Podobn\u011b se v nov\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce \u010dasto prosazuje jak\u00e1si\u00a0<\/span>rusofobie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s podtextem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, tentokr\u00e1t ze strany americk\u00fdch demokrat\u016f a z\u00e1padn\u00edch progresivist\u016f, zat\u00edmco pravicov\u00e9 maj\u00ed zase \u010dasto vyv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postoj. V Ji\u017en\u00edm ku\u017eelu v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee politick\u00e9 klima \u010dasto p\u0159ipom\u00ednat \u00e9ru studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Orsi v\u0161ak nen\u00ed \u201eantiamerick\u00fd\u201c typ politika, jak by se dalo p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat: kdy\u017e byl starostou Canelones (druh\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto Uruguaye), sna\u017eil se nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159il\u00e1kat investice z USA do boje proti organizovan\u00e9mu zlo\u010dinu. V z\u00e1znamu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee si nep\u0159eje d\u00e1vat \u201ev\u0161echna vejce do jednoho ko\u0161\u00edku\u201c. V mnoha ohledech je v podstat\u011b uruguaysk\u00fd um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fd: m\u011bstsk\u00fd chlap\u00edk se siln\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny na venkov\u011b, kter\u00fd je velk\u00fdm vyznava\u010dem dialogu \u2013 jeho zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00fd postoj sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tento temperament.<\/span><\/p>\n

Andr\u00e9s Ojeda, kter\u00fd rovn\u011b\u017e kandiduje na prezidenta, je zcela jin\u00fd. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed coloradsk\u00fd stranick\u00fd politik se ned\u00e1vno p\u0159irovnal k argentinsk\u00e9mu Javieru Mileiovi, i kdy\u017e uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee st\u00e1t m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou opodstatn\u011bnou roli. V pr\u016fzkumech se objevuje jako t\u0159et\u00ed. Ojeda\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee Orsiho Frente Amplio chce, aby Uruguay \u201evypadala jako Venezuela\u201c, zat\u00edmco on usiluje o to, aby se jeho zem\u011b podobala sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201eEvrop\u011b a Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161echny \u0159e\u010di o Venezuele jsou r\u00e9torick\u00e9, aby oslovily r\u016fzn\u00e9 ideologick\u00e9 profily mezi voli\u010di, ale uruguaysk\u00e9 volby maj\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti potenci\u00e1l zm\u011bnit ideologickou mocenskou rovnov\u00e1hu v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe, abych tak \u0159ekl, a p\u0159ipravit tak cestu pro venezuelsk\u00fd n\u00e1vrat jej\u00ed relativn\u00ed izolace \u2013 co\u017e by zase m\u011blo dopad na geopolitiku Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka Bol\u00edvarovsk\u00e9 republiky Venezuela, jak je tato zem\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 od p\u0159ijet\u00ed jej\u00ed \u00fastavy v roce 1999, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v regionu \u017ehav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. Zem\u011b vybudovala \u0159adu transkontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch politick\u00fdch partnerstv\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0<\/span>\u00cdr\u00e1nem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Ruskem, \u010c\u00ednou a Tureckem), zat\u00edmco Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedn\u00edm z jej\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>hlavn\u00edch obchodn\u00edch partner\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0spolu s \u010c\u00ednou, Braz\u00edli\u00ed a \u0160pan\u011blskem. Na kontinentu v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 relativn\u011b izolovan\u00e1: Venezuelou podporovan\u00fd blok\u00a0<\/span>UNASUL<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se ve skute\u010dnosti nerozb\u011bhl a zemi byla pozastavena \u00fa\u010dast na ji\u017en\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00e9m trhu, b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9m jako Mercosur. Navzdory jejich obchodn\u00edm vztah\u016fm se stala ter\u010dem americk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed a destabiliza\u010dn\u00edch operac\u00ed, jako byla nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 operace Gideon z roku 2020 (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed polovojensk\u00e9 americk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>\u017eold\u00e1ky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), a CIA je\u00a0<\/span>obvi\u0148ov\u00e1na<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z p\u0159\u00edpravy vra\u017edy Madura.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledku voleb ve Venezuele nen\u00ed nic nov\u00e9ho. N\u011bkdo si m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee v roce 2021, po\u00a0<\/span>imbrogliu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Juana Guaid\u00f3a\u00a0, dokonce i venezuelsk\u00e1 opozice uznala prezidentstv\u00ed Nicolase Madura. Ji\u017e l\u00e9ta \u010del\u00ed tato jihoamerick\u00e1 zem\u011b st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sankc\u00edm Washingtonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brazilsk\u00fd prezident Luis Inacio Lula vol\u00e1 po n\u00e1vratu Venezuely do Mercosuru. Tvrdil, \u017ee \u201enormalizace\u201c venezuelsk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota by znamenala stabilitu pro Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriku. Bol\u00edvarsk\u00e1 republika byla suspendov\u00e1na z Mercosuru v prosinci 2016 pot\u00e9, co Braz\u00edlie, Argentina, Paraguay a tak\u00e9 Uruguay (zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 bloku) dosp\u011bly k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee neza\u010dlenila pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech a obchodu do vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, \u010d\u00edm\u017e poru\u0161ila pravidla a smlouvy o \u010dlenstv\u00ed. Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto pozastaven\u00ed se shoduje s politickou zm\u011bnou v regionu, kdy pravicov\u00ed, st\u0159edoprav\u00ed a (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Braz\u00edlie s b\u00fdval\u00fdm prezidentem Jairem Bolsonarem) radik\u00e1ln\u011b pravicov\u00ed v\u016fdci nahrazuj\u00ed levicov\u00e9. Takov\u00e9 t\u00e9ma je v regionu st\u00e1le se opakuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se vr\u00e1t\u00edme v \u010dase, lze si vzpomenout, \u017ee s brazilskou a argentinskou podporou se Venezuela v roce 2013 p\u0159ipojila k obchodn\u00edmu bloku jako \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlen a podepsala n\u011bkolik dohod. Tento v\u00fdvoj v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl kontroverzn\u00ed a odehr\u00e1l se uprost\u0159ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed politick\u00e9 krize zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Paraguay, kter\u00e1 byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b pozastavena z bloku kv\u016fli epizod\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vyvrcholily odvol\u00e1n\u00edm tehdej\u0161\u00edho prezidenta Fernanda Luga (levicov\u00fd laicizovan\u00fd katolick\u00fd biskup) z \u00fa\u0159adu. paraguaysk\u00fdm kongresem. Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 pozastaven\u00ed Paraguaye pak vydl\u00e1\u017edilo cestu k p\u0159istoupen\u00ed Venezuely, proto\u017ee Sen\u00e1t Paraguaye kontrolovan\u00fd Coloradem jej vetoval. Paraguay se stala \u010dlenem bloku znovu v roce 2013, kdy byl zvolen Horacio Cartes.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkolikr\u00e1t jsem psal o vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch trendech\u00a0<\/span>nesouladu a mnohostrannosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pozorovan\u00fdch na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihu \u2013 v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe v\u0161ak p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 klima studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. A\u0165 je to jak chce, politick\u00e1 nestabilita st\u00e1le brzd\u00ed rozvoj Mercosuru jako siln\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho bloku. Tato nestabilita m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik dom\u00e1c\u00edch i region\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din (t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se korupce a kupistick\u00e9 politick\u00e9 kultury). Svou roli v tom\u00a0ale nepopirateln\u011b hraje\u00a0<\/span>westernalismus<\/span><\/a>\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edch politick\u00fdch elit a vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed Washingtonu. A volby v Uruguayi jsou v mnoha ohledech tak\u00e9 mikrokosmem t\u00e9to reality.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

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Tento t\u00fdden budou Uruguayci volit prezidenta a op\u011bt je mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt docela zn\u00e1m\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 pro…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65096,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,4342,8105,181,27],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65095"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65095"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65095\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}