{"id":64794,"date":"2024-10-24T00:31:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T22:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=64794"},"modified":"2024-10-23T17:05:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T15:05:39","slug":"americke-bunkrove-bomby-v-jemenu-pritahuji-pozornost-iranu-ciny-a-severni-koreje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/24\/americke-bunkrove-bomby-v-jemenu-pritahuji-pozornost-iranu-ciny-a-severni-koreje\/","title":{"rendered":"Americk\u00e9 bunkrov\u00e9 bomby v Jemenu p\u0159itahuj\u00ed pozornost \u00cdr\u00e1nu, \u010c\u00edny a Severn\u00ed Koreje"},"content":{"rendered":"
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B-2 shazuje bunkrov\u00e9 bomby na podzemn\u00ed skladi\u0161t\u011b zbran\u00ed Houthi, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vys\u00edl\u00e1 jasnou zpr\u00e1vu v\u0161em americk\u00fdm protivn\u00edk\u016fm<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ve velkolep\u00e9 akci svrhly USA bunkrov\u00e9 bomby na podzemn\u00ed skladi\u0161t\u011b zbran\u00ed v Jemenu. To je posledn\u00ed zn\u00e1mka toho, \u017ee se v\u00e1lka v Gaze \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed cel\u00fdm regionem.<\/p>\n

Tento m\u011bs\u00edc n\u011bkolik m\u00e9di\u00ed uvedlo, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pou\u017eily stealth bombard\u00e9ry B-2 Spirit k \u00fatok\u016fm na podzemn\u00ed sklady zbran\u00ed kontrolovan\u00e9 \u00cdr\u00e1nem podporovan\u00fdmi Houthi rebely v Jemenu.<\/p>\n

Letoun B-2 \u00fadajn\u011b shodil bomby GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP)\/B na p\u011bt bunkr\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch zbran\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i \u00fatoc\u00edch na lod\u011b v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd ministr obrany Lloyd Austin nazval \u00fatok demonstrac\u00ed schopnosti USA za\u00fato\u010dit na hluboce zasypan\u00e1 a opevn\u011bn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee byl schv\u00e1len americk\u00fdm prezidentem Joe Bidenem k oslaben\u00ed schopnost\u00ed H\u00fas\u00ed\u016f.<\/p>\n

H\u00fas\u00edov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed od \u0159\u00edjna 2023 za\u00fato\u010dili na v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 lod\u00ed, v reakci na konflikt v Gaze zes\u00edlili raketov\u00e9 a bezpilotn\u00ed \u00fatoky, v\u010detn\u011b izraelsk\u00fdch a americk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00datok tak\u00e9 poslou\u017eil jako nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro \u00cdr\u00e1n, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho spojence H\u00fas\u00ed\u016f, uprost\u0159ed jeho pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed s Izraelem a Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Navzdory sofistikovan\u00e9 operaci nebyly hl\u00e1\u0161eny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed civiln\u00ed ob\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco podrobnosti o GBU-57 MOP\/B z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed utajeny, Global Security \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee munice je v\u00fdkonn\u00e1, p\u0159esn\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 bomba v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 13 600 kilogram\u016f a obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 400 kilogram\u016f v\u00fdbu\u0161nin ur\u010den\u00fdch k pronik\u00e1n\u00ed hluboko zakopan\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n

Podle Global Security je bomba \u0159\u00edzena inerci\u00e1ln\u00edm naviga\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem (INS) zalo\u017een\u00fdm na GPS. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nasazen z bombard\u00e9r\u016f B-52 a B-2 a m\u016f\u017ee prorazit 61 metr\u016f \u017eelezobetonu rychlost\u00ed 34,5 megapascal\u016f (MPa) nebo 38 metr\u016f st\u0159edn\u011b tvrd\u00e9 horniny.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o typ c\u00edl\u016f zni\u010den\u00fdch p\u0159i \u00fatoku, Ian Williams a Shaan Shaikh ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b o raketov\u00e9 hrozb\u011b z \u010dervna 2020 zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee povstalci Houthi vyvinuli sofistikovan\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k ukryt\u00ed a ochran\u011b sv\u00fdch odpalovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed raket, tak\u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je odhalit a zni\u010dit. .<\/p>\n

Williams a Shaikh poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee tato podzemn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a odpalov\u00e1n\u00ed balistick\u00fdch raket, kter\u00e9 za\u00fato\u010dily na sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00e9 c\u00edle a naru\u0161ily lodn\u00ed dopravu v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e9dia Houthi \u010dasto ukazuj\u00ed tyto skryt\u00e9 skr\u00fd\u0161e raket a zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed jejich schopnost vyhnout se leteck\u00e9mu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato taktika, spojen\u00e1 s pou\u017eit\u00edm pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch dron\u016f, umo\u017e\u0148uje H\u00fas\u00ed\u016fm udr\u017eet si robustn\u00ed raketov\u00e9 schopnosti navzdory koali\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1let\u016fm na jejich raketov\u00e9 arzen\u00e1ly a odpalovac\u00ed rampy.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc pou\u017eit\u00ed tunelov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky H\u00fas\u00edy p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdzvu i pro technologicky vysp\u011bl\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, jako jsou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku publikovan\u00e9m v srpnu 2023 v \u010dasopise Studies in Conflict and Terrorism Daphn\u00e9 Richemond-Barak a Stefan Voiculescu-Holvad poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee tunelov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed modern\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed na strategick\u00e9 \u00farovni. Podle nich destrukce tunelov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed vy\u017eaduje enormn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed pro detekci a neutralizaci, co\u017e \u010dasto vede k vysok\u00fdm vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u0161kod\u00e1m a omezen\u00e9mu dlouhodob\u00e9mu dopadu.<\/p>\n

Navzdory t\u011bmto v\u00fdzv\u00e1m by nasazen\u00ed letadel B-2 nesouc\u00edch MOP bomby v Jemenu mohlo b\u00fdt k\u00fdvnut\u00edm na americk\u00fd koncept konven\u010dn\u00edho odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku pro Strategic Studies Quarterly z roku 2018 Robert Haffa Jr. zmi\u0148uje, \u017ee c\u00edlem konven\u010dn\u00edho odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed je zabr\u00e1nit agresi prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch konven\u010dn\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u00ed slo\u017eky schopnosti, d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti a komunikace z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Haffa Jr. tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee konven\u010dn\u00ed odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje viditeln\u00e9, rychl\u00e9 a rozhodn\u00e9 s\u00edly podporovan\u00e9 pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi technologiemi, jako je p\u0159esn\u00e1 munice, stealth a kybernetick\u00e9 schopnosti, a \u017ee je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, proto\u017ee \u010din\u00ed agresi n\u00e1kladnou a marnou.<\/p>\n

V souladu s Haffovou koncepc\u00ed \u00fatoky B-2 s MOP bombami na H\u00fas\u00edy demonstruj\u00ed schopnost USA prov\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u00fadery na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti proti opevn\u011bn\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm a demonstruj\u00ed, \u017ee protivn\u00edci s v\u00fdznamnou obranou mohou b\u00fdt st\u00e1le pora\u017eeni palebnou silou USA. zraniteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 skryt\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla identifikov\u00e1na jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edle pro v\u00fdbuchy americk\u00fdch nebo izraelsk\u00fdch bunkr\u016f, ter\u010dem takov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f by mohly b\u00fdt i podzemn\u00ed raketov\u00e9 a leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

V \u00fanoru 2023 Asia Times informovaly o \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9m odhalen\u00ed podzemn\u00ed leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Oghab-44, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed jeho vojensk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed \u00fadery v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu.<\/p>\n

Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Bandar Abbas, Oghab-44 chr\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 letadla z doby p\u0159ed rokem 1979, v\u010detn\u011b F-4 Phantom\u016f, p\u0159ed preventivn\u00edmi \u00fatoky. Vybavena kritick\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, podporuje \u00edr\u00e1nskou asymetrickou strategii zamezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu\/odep\u0159en\u00ed oblasti (A2\/AD) a umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 \u00fatoky a p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u00fadery proti americk\u00fdm n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm sil\u00e1m v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu americk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed bombard\u00e9r\u016f B-2 ke shozen\u00ed bomb MOP tak\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1 jasn\u00fd sign\u00e1l Severn\u00ed Koreji a mohlo by znepokojit \u010c\u00ednu ohledn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9 ponorkov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Hainan v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Ve dvoud\u00edln\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b 2024 Beyond Parallel Joseph Bermudez Jr. a dal\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee Severn\u00ed Korea pokra\u010duje v roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch raketov\u00fdch kapacit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b podzemn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (UGF), kter\u00e1 jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro ukryt\u00ed a ochranu jej\u00edch balistick\u00fdch raketov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

Bermudez Jr. a dal\u0161\u00ed poukazuj\u00ed na pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdstavbu raketov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Hoejung-ri pobl\u00ed\u017e \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch hranic, v\u010detn\u011b nov\u00e9 budovy vedle podzemn\u00edho raketov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee tato z\u00e1kladna a dal\u0161\u00ed, jako je Goal a Kumchon-ni, jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed strategick\u00e9ho raketov\u00e9ho p\u00e1su Severn\u00ed Koreje.<\/p>\n

V samostatn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b Beyond Parallel z listopadu 2018 Bermudez Jr. a dal\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee Severn\u00ed Korea rozmis\u0165uje sv\u00e9 rakety na t\u0159ech m\u00edstech v P\u00e1su: strategick\u00e9, opera\u010dn\u00ed a taktick\u00e9, v z\u00e1vislosti na vzd\u00e1lenosti od demilitarizovan\u00e9 z\u00f3ny (DMZ).<\/p>\n

Severokorejsk\u00fd strategick\u00fd raketov\u00fd p\u00e1s se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 kilometr\u016f severn\u011b od DMZ. P\u016fvodn\u011b byla vybavena st\u0159elami Nodong a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b obsahuje nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u0159ely Hwasong. Opera\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1s se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 90-150 kilometr\u016f severn\u011b od DMZ a je vybaven balistick\u00fdmi raketami st\u0159edn\u00edho doletu Nodong nebo syst\u00e9my del\u0161\u00edho doletu.<\/p>\n

Kone\u010dn\u011b, taktick\u00fd p\u00e1s, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 50-90 kilometr\u016f severn\u011b od DMZ, je vybaven st\u0159elami kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho dosahu Scud (SRBM) a pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v severn\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o \u010c\u00ednu, CNN v srpnu 2020 uvedla, \u017ee satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky uk\u00e1zaly \u010d\u00ednskou \u00fato\u010dnou ponorku typu 093 s jadern\u00fdm pohonem (SSN) vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do podzemn\u00ed z\u00e1kladny na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u011b Yulin na ostrov\u011b Hainan.<\/p>\n

CNN uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee toto vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed podtrhuje \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed podzemn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k ukryt\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch objekt\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a zkomplikov\u00e1n\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtele.<\/p>\n

Ale i konven\u010dn\u00ed \u00fatok na severokorejsk\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 s\u00edly a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd podmo\u0159sk\u00fd jadern\u00fd odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edek by mohl vyvolat jadernou reakci ze strany obou potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch americk\u00fdch protivn\u00edk\u016f, a to navzdory tomu, \u017ee zem\u011b uplat\u0148uje politiku z\u00e1kazu prvn\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Od Gabriela Honrady<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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B-2 shazuje bunkrov\u00e9 bomby na podzemn\u00ed skladi\u0161t\u011b zbran\u00ed Houthi, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vys\u00edl\u00e1 jasnou zpr\u00e1vu v\u0161em americk\u00fdm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":64795,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[898,790,3234],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64794"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64794"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64794\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}