{"id":64761,"date":"2024-10-23T00:36:08","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T22:36:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=64761"},"modified":"2024-10-22T17:03:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T15:03:15","slug":"investice-velkych-technologickych-firem-do-jaderne-energie-jsou-hnany-rostouci-poptavkou-po-datovych-centrech-pro-umelou-inteligenci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/23\/investice-velkych-technologickych-firem-do-jaderne-energie-jsou-hnany-rostouci-poptavkou-po-datovych-centrech-pro-umelou-inteligenci\/","title":{"rendered":"Investice velk\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch firem do jadern\u00e9 energie jsou hn\u00e1ny rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou po datov\u00fdch centrech pro um\u011blou inteligenci"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

S t\u00edm, jak sv\u011bt dychtiv\u011b vyhl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdhody a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b revolu\u010dn\u00ed implementace, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence (AI), vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se spot\u0159eby energie datov\u00fdch center pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro jej\u00ed provoz.<\/em> Technologi\u010dt\u00ed giganti jako Microsoft, Alphabet a Amazon ozn\u00e1mili sv\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny investovat do jadern\u00e9 energie.<\/em> Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed to o jejich ochot\u011b \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my se spot\u0159ebou energie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 usilovat o spln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f udr\u017eitelnosti, a to navzdory kontroverzn\u00ed povaze jadern\u00e9 energie a jej\u00edmu odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Amazon pokra\u010duje v investic\u00edch do jadern\u00e9 energie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem leto\u0161n\u00edho roku koupila spole\u010dnost Amazon Web Services (AWS), divize spole\u010dnosti Amazon.com, od spole\u010dnosti Talen Energy datov\u00e9 centrum o v\u00fdkonu 960 megawatt\u016f za 650 milion\u016f USD. Technologick\u00fd gigant se sna\u017e\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it zna\u010dnou popt\u00e1vku po energii v datov\u00fdch centrech tak\u00e9 podporou v\u00fdvoje mal\u00fdch modul\u00e1rn\u00edch reaktor\u016f (SMR), kterou ned\u00e1vno ozn\u00e1mil. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem t\u0159i dohody zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed studii proveditelnosti projektu pobl\u00ed\u017e konsorcia Energy Northwest ve st\u00e1t\u011b Washington, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e technologii bude vyv\u00edjet spole\u010dnost X-Energy. Spole\u010dnost Amazon bude m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo nakupovat elekt\u0159inu z prvn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159 reaktorov\u00fdch modul\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdstavby mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159id\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed moduly o celkov\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu a\u017e 960 megawatt\u016f. \u0158editel AWS Matt Garman uvedl, \u017ee takov\u00e9 projekty by m\u011bly podpo\u0159it v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, co\u017e by m\u011blo dlouhodob\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro udr\u017eitelnou energetiku. Reaktory SMR lze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt v tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, co\u017e by m\u011blo sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na jejich v\u00fdstavbu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi reaktory stav\u011bn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b. SMR v\u0161ak \u010del\u00ed kritice, zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na v\u00fdvoj a nejistot\u011b ohledn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n

Microsoft usiluje o o\u017eiven\u00ed m\u00edsta katastrofy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Iniciativa Microsoftu v oblasti jadern\u00e9 energetiky zahrnuje snahu o obnovu jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Three Mile Island ve spolupr\u00e1ci se spole\u010dnost\u00ed Constellation Energy. Toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bylo m\u00edstem nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jadern\u00e9 katastrofy v historii USA. Celkov\u00e1 hodnota projektu pro Microsoft se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1,6 miliardy USD, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje jeho prvn\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou investici tohoto druhu. Technologick\u00fd gigant nyn\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1 na schv\u00e1len\u00ed dohody regula\u010dn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny a n\u00e1sledn\u011b by mohl vyu\u017e\u00edt ve\u0161kerou energii vyrobenou touto elektr\u00e1rnou, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee generovat a\u017e 835 megawatt\u016f elekt\u0159iny. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee elektr\u00e1rna bude op\u011bt v provozu nejpozd\u011bji v roce 2028 a bude po dobu 20 let zaji\u0161\u0165ovat energii pro datov\u00e1 centra spole\u010dnosti Microsoft. Spole\u010dnost tak\u00e9 usiluje o partnerstv\u00ed s firmami, jako je Helion Energy, kter\u00e1 pracuje na v\u00fdvoji technologie jadern\u00e9 f\u00faze s potenci\u00e1lem radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnit p\u0159\u00edstup k \u010dist\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm energie. Stejn\u011b jako konkurence se i Microsoft zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o technologii SMR, kterou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti TerraPower podporuje jej\u00ed zakladatel Bill Gates.<\/p>\n

Na mal\u00e9 reaktory s\u00e1z\u00ed i Google<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Google si ji\u017e objednal n\u011bkolik reaktor\u016f SMR u spole\u010dnosti Kairos Power, co\u017e je podle jeho tvrzen\u00ed prvn\u00ed takov\u00fd kontrakt na sv\u011bt\u011b. Prvn\u00ed z t\u011bchto reaktor\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt dokon\u010den do konce tohoto desetilet\u00ed, dal\u0161\u00ed pak do roku 2035. V\u00fdsledkem t\u00e9to dohody by mohlo b\u00fdt a\u017e 500 megawatt\u016f energie. P\u0159esto\u017ee si Google v roce 2020 stanovil c\u00edl sn\u00ed\u017eit sv\u00e9 emise do roku 2030 na polovinu, podle vlastn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed se emise za posledn\u00edch p\u011bt let zv\u00fd\u0161ily o 48 %. Podle gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editele Sundara Pichaie se s rychl\u00fdm r\u016fstem odv\u011btv\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence nepo\u010d\u00edtalo, a proto se spole\u010dnost sna\u017e\u00ed zajistit si jadernou energii.<\/p>\n

Spot\u0159eba energie v datov\u00fdch centrech prudce roste<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Spot\u0159eba energie datov\u00fdch center se s rozvojem a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence rychle zvy\u0161uje. Spole\u010dnost International Data Corporation (IDC) odhaduje, \u017ee do roku 2028 by se celkov\u00e1 spot\u0159eba datov\u00fdch center mohla oproti dne\u0161ku zdvojn\u00e1sobit na 857 terawatthodin. Ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed provozn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f p\u0159isp\u011bje i r\u016fst cen elekt\u0159iny v d\u016fsledku vysok\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky, klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn a regula\u010dn\u00edch faktor\u016f. IDC p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee v zem\u00edch, jako USA, N\u011bmecko a Japonsko, bude ro\u010dn\u00ed tempo r\u016fstu p\u0159esahovat 15 %. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v\u0161ak hraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 inovace technologi\u00ed t\u011bchto center, nebo\u0165 spole\u010dnosti se sna\u017e\u00ed neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovat jejich efektivitu.<\/p>\n

Polarizace v oblasti jadern\u00e9 energie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kontroverze spojen\u00e9 s jadern\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami nejsou ni\u010d\u00edm nov\u00fdm. Obavy se soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na mo\u017en\u00e9 poruchy a hav\u00e1rie, kter\u00e9 by mohly m\u00edt katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky pro spole\u010dnost. Incidenty jako v\u00fdbuch reaktoru v \u010cernobylu nebo \u00fanik radiace po zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v japonsk\u00e9 Fuku\u0161im\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed jako jasn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady. Krom\u011b toho je zde ot\u00e1zka jadern\u00e9ho odpadu, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 radioaktivn\u00ed po stalet\u00ed a\u017e tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e dosud neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro jeho trval\u00e9 ulo\u017een\u00ed. Tyto a dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed odp\u016frci jadern\u00e9 energie a jsou d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d ji n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b zcela vylou\u010dily ze sv\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 tak zat\u00edm neu\u010dinily. Obecn\u011b je v\u0161ak jadern\u00e1 energie pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u0161etrnou k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, alespo\u0148 pokud jde o emise uhl\u00edku, a mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zdroje dok\u00e1\u017ee vyrobit obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed elekt\u0159iny na dlouhou dobu. Nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee je efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed ne\u017e fosiln\u00ed paliva.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Investice technologick\u00fdch gigant\u016f do jadern\u00e9 energie zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed nejen jejich rostouc\u00ed energetick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, ale tak\u00e9 jejich z\u00e1vazek k udr\u017eitelnosti. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed, jako jsou mal\u00e9 modul\u00e1rn\u00ed reaktory (SMR), by mohla pomoci zvl\u00e1dnout prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst spot\u0159eby energie z datov\u00fdch center, zejm\u00e9na s rozvojem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Jadern\u00e1 energie se sice pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s kontroverz\u00ed a regula\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami, ale m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout pot\u0159ebnou stabilitu pro roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bt, zejm\u00e9na v kombinaci s obnoviteln\u00fdmi zdroji, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159isp\u011bt ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed uhl\u00edku. [1]<\/p>\n

David Matulay, analytik spole\u010dnosti <\/strong>InvestingFox<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

[1] V\u00fdhledov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u00e1 nebo vych\u00e1zej\u00ed ze sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit. Tato prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nejsou z\u00e1rukou budouc\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. V\u00fdhledov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v sob\u011b zahrnuj\u00ed riziko a nejistotu, proto\u017ee se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed budouc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a okolnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nelze p\u0159edv\u00eddat, a skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a v\u00fdsledky se mohou podstatn\u011b li\u0161it od t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny nebo nazna\u010deny v jak\u00fdchkoli v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S t\u00edm, jak sv\u011bt dychtiv\u011b vyhl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdhody a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b revolu\u010dn\u00ed implementace, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":62702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[3101,285,331],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64761"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64761"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64761\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64762,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64761\/revisions\/64762"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}