{"id":64659,"date":"2024-10-22T00:37:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T22:37:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=64659"},"modified":"2024-10-21T16:35:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T14:35:46","slug":"pepe-escobar-geoekonomicke-hnaci-sily-synergie-sco-brics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/22\/pepe-escobar-geoekonomicke-hnaci-sily-synergie-sco-brics\/","title":{"rendered":"Pepe Escobar: Geoekonomick\u00e9 hnac\u00ed s\u00edly synergie SCO-BRICS"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ned\u011blitelnost bezpe\u010dnosti, o kterou usiluj\u00ed Rusko a \u010c\u00edna, se scvrk\u00e1v\u00e1 na faktick\u00e9 uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed Charty OSN. V\u00fdsledkem by byl m\u00edr na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni \u2013 a t\u00edm i um\u00edr\u00e1\u010dek pro NATO<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fdden p\u0159ed naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>summitem BRICS v Kazani<\/span><\/a>\u00a0uspo\u0159\u00e1dala Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit v Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato sch\u016fzka je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 ve v\u00edce ohledech. Summitu v P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu se z\u00fa\u010dastnila Rada p\u0159edsed\u016f vl\u00e1d \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f SCO. V\u00fdsledkem bylo spole\u010dn\u00e9 komunik\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pot\u0159ebu implementovat rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 na v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm summitu SCO v Astan\u011b loni v \u010dervenci, kde se se\u0161ly hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b nov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho \u010dlena SCO \u00cdr\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159evzala p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed SCO pro roky 2024 a\u017e 2025 po rotuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed SCO bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho spojence P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu \u2013 nyn\u00ed pod pochybnou vl\u00e1dou podporovanou arm\u00e1dou, kter\u00e1 dr\u017e\u00ed ve v\u011bzen\u00ed velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00edho b\u00fdval\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Imrana Khana. A n\u00e1zev hry je p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd: jde o byznys.<\/span><\/p>\n

Heslem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed je \u2013 jak by to mohlo b\u00fdt jinak \u2013 \u201eakce\u201c. Peking neztr\u00e1cel \u010das prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch a rychlej\u0161\u00edch synergi\u00ed mezi iniciativou P\u00e1s a stezka (BRI) a Euroasijskou ekonomickou uni\u00ed (EAEU), v n\u00ed\u017e je Rusko dominantn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slovo: strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed mezi Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, kter\u00e9 rychle postupuje v transeuroasijsk\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch koridorech. A to n\u00e1s p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed k n\u011bkter\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm oblastem konektivity, kter\u00e9 byly zd\u016frazn\u011bny na summitu v Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

J\u00edzda ve stepi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010dn\u011bme fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed Steppe Road \u2013 mongolsk\u00fdm n\u00e1padem, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 jako vylep\u0161en\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd koridor. Mongolsko je pozorovatelem v SCO a nen\u00ed jeho \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u010dlenem: d\u016fvody pro to jsou pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b rusk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Michail Mi\u0161ustin \u0161\u00edlel o stepn\u00ed cest\u011b ke sv\u00fdm partner\u016fm SCO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e v roce 2014 m\u011bli Mongolov\u00e9 my\u0161lenku\u00a0<\/span>Taliin Zam<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(v mongol\u0161tin\u011b \u201eStepn\u00ed cesta\u201c) s ne m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e \u201ep\u011bti velk\u00fdmi pas\u00e1\u017eemi\u201c: labyrintem dopravn\u00ed a energetick\u00e9 infrastruktury, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vybudov\u00e1n s investicemi v celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i nejm\u00e9n\u011b 50 USD. miliard.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b 997 km dlouh\u00e1 nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed rychlostn\u00ed silnice mezi Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, 1100 km elektrifikovan\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktury, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ji\u017e funguj\u00edc\u00ed transmongolsk\u00e9 \u017eeleznice ze Sukhbaataru na severu do Zamyn-Uud na jihu a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Pipelineistan, tedy nov\u00e1 ropa a plynovody, Altanbulag spojuje se Zamyn-Uud na severu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mongolsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Oyun-Erdene Luvsannamsrai byl stejn\u011b nad\u0161en\u00fd jako Mi\u0161ustin a ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee Mongolsko ji\u017e dokon\u010dilo 33 projekt\u016f stepn\u00edch silnic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto projekty se p\u0159esn\u011b shoduj\u00ed s vlastn\u00edm rusk\u00fdm Transeuroasijsk\u00fdm koridorem \u2013 labyrintem spojen\u00ed, kter\u00fd zahrnuje Transsibi\u0159skou magistr\u00e1lu, Transmand\u017euskou magistr\u00e1lu, Transmongolskou magistr\u00e1lu a Bajkalsko-Amurskou magistr\u00e1lu (BAM).<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dervenci Putin a mongolsk\u00fd prezident Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh str\u00e1vili n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das na summitu SCO diskus\u00ed o strategick\u00fdch slo\u017eitostech euroasijsk\u00e9 logistiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pak Putin nav\u0161t\u00edvil Mongolsko, aby si p\u0159ipomn\u011bl 85. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho sov\u011btsko-mongolsk\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad Japonci na \u0159ece Chalkin Gol. Putin byl p\u0159ijat jako rockov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda.<\/span><\/p>\n

To v\u0161e d\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fd strategick\u00fd smysl. Rusko-mongolsk\u00e1 hranice je dlouh\u00e1 3 485 km. SSSR a Mongolsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 republika nav\u00e1zaly diplomatick\u00e9 vztahy p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00edm, v roce 1921. Spolupracuj\u00ed na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch projektech, jako je transmongolsk\u00fd plynovod \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou \u2013 modernizace Ul\u00e1nb\u00e1tarsk\u00e9 \u017eeleznice, dod\u00e1vky rusk\u00e9ho paliva na nov\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b \u010cingisch\u00e1n a v\u00fdstavba jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny od Rosatomu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mongolsko je domovem pov\u011bstn\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, od vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin (z\u00e1soby by mohly dos\u00e1hnout z\u00e1vratn\u00fdch 31 milion\u016f tun) a\u017e po uran (p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 z\u00e1soby 1,3 milionu tun). I kdy\u017e Mongolsko p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 takzvan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup \u201et\u0159et\u00edho souseda\u201c, mus\u00ed prov\u00e9st pe\u010dliv\u00e9 vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee je neust\u00e1le na radaru USA a EU, zat\u00edmco Z\u00e1pad jako celek prosazuje men\u0161\u00ed euroasijskou spolupr\u00e1ci s Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko m\u00e1 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b velkou strategickou v\u00fdhodu nad Z\u00e1padem, proto\u017ee Moskva nejen\u017ee zach\u00e1z\u00ed s Mongolskem jako s rovnocenn\u00fdm partnerem, ale tak\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee uspokojit pot\u0159eby energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti sv\u00e9ho souseda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co d\u011bl\u00e1 celou v\u011bc je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e1kav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Peking vn\u00edm\u00e1 Stepn\u00ed cestu jako \u201evysoce koherentn\u00ed\u201c s BRI, dopln\u011bnou p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u00fdm nad\u0161en\u00edm vychvaluj\u00edc\u00edm synergii a \u201eoboustrann\u011b v\u00fdhodnou spolupr\u00e1ci\u201c mezi ob\u011bma projekty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto nen\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 aliance<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Li Qiang cestoval do P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu nejen na summit SCO, ale tak\u00e9 proto, aby propagoval dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi \u010d\u00ednsko-p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho koridoru (CPEC), vlajkov\u00e9ho projektu BRI, v hodnot\u011b 65 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Li a jeho p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek Sharif nakonec slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159eli strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u010c\u00ednou financovan\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Gwadar v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1nu, navzdory v\u0161em p\u0159edpoklad\u016fm a navzdory ob\u010dasn\u00fdm n\u00e1jezd\u016fm balochsk\u00fdch separatistick\u00fdch partyz\u00e1n\u016f financovan\u00fdch CIA.<\/span><\/p>\n

CPEC je vysoce ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed, v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00fd projekt rozvoje infrastruktury zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolik uzl\u016f, od \u010d\u00ednsko-p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 hranice v pr\u016fsmyku Khunjerab, p\u0159es \u2013 modernizovanou \u2013 Karakoram Highway dol\u016f na jih p\u0159es Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1n a k Arabsk\u00e9mu mo\u0159i.<\/span><\/p>\n

V budoucnu by CPEC mohl dokonce zahrnovat plynovod z Gwadaru na sever do Sin-\u0165iangu, co\u017e by d\u00e1le sn\u00ed\u017eilo z\u00e1vislost \u010c\u00edny na p\u0159eprav\u011b energie p\u0159es Malack\u00fd pr\u016fliv, kter\u00fd by mohl b\u00fdt hegemonem v m\u017eiku zablokov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Summit SCO v obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed summitem BRICS v P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu op\u011bt zd\u016fraznil synergii n\u011bkolika aspekt\u016f obou multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty SCO \u2013 od st\u0159edoasijsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f po Indii a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n \u2013 v drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b ch\u00e1pou rusk\u00fd argument, pokud jde o nevyhnutelnost speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 operace (SMO).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 pozice z\u00e1zrakem rovnov\u00e1hy a jemn\u00e9 nejednozna\u010dnosti; I kdy\u017e Peking zd\u016fraz\u0148uje podporu principu n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenity, neodsoudil Rusko; a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nikdy p\u0159\u00edmo neobvi\u0148ovala NATO z faktick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Geoekonomick\u00e1 konektivita je hlavn\u00ed prioritou pro nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mocnosti a strategick\u00e9 partnery SCO Rusko a \u010c\u00ednu. Od po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed se SCO vyvinulo od boje proti terorismu ke geoekonomick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci. V Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1du se znovu uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee SCO se nep\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed ve vojenskou alianci ve stylu anti-NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro v\u0161echny \u010dleny je nyn\u00ed krom\u011b geoekonomick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem boj proti z\u00e1padn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>teroristick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, kter\u00e1 bude v pln\u00e9m proudu s hroz\u00edc\u00edm, poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011bchem ukrajinsk\u00e9ho projektu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z mechanism\u016f, kter\u00fd by mohl d\u00e1le konsolidovat SCO a p\u0159ipravit p\u016fdu pro slou\u010den\u00ed s BRICS d\u00e1le po \u2013 kamenit\u00e9 \u2013 cest\u011b, je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd koncept Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed iniciativy, kter\u00fd se shodou okolnost\u00ed shoduje s rusk\u00fdm konceptem p\u0159edstaven\u00fdm USA v prosinci. a odm\u00edtli ji v roce 2021, pouh\u00e9 dva m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se BBS stala nevyhnutelnou.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna navrhuje \u201ezast\u00e1vat princip ned\u011bliteln\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c a \u201evybudovat vyv\u00e1\u017eenou, efektivn\u00ed a udr\u017eitelnou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architekturu\u201c a rozhodn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1 \u201ebudov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti zalo\u017een\u00e9 na nejistot\u011b jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed\u201c. To je n\u011bco, co podporuje ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen SCO \u2013 nemluv\u011b o BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, ned\u011blitelnost bezpe\u010dnosti, o kterou usiluj\u00ed Rusko a \u010c\u00edna, se de facto rovn\u00e1 aplikaci Charty OSN. V\u00fdsledkem by byl m\u00edr v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku \u2013 a n\u00e1sledn\u011b um\u00edr\u00e1\u010dek pro NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e ned\u011blitelnost bezpe\u010dnosti st\u00e1le nelze p\u0159ijmout v cel\u00e9 Eurasii \u2013 proto\u017ee Hegemon rozv\u00edj\u00ed v\u00e1lku\u00a0<\/span>teroru<\/span><\/em>\u00a0na n\u011bkolika front\u00e1ch, aby podkopal vznik\u00a0<\/span>multiuzlov\u00e9ho<\/span><\/em>\u00a0sv\u011bta \u2013 p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed konektivita, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159\u00ednosem pro v\u0161echny strany, se neust\u00e1le val\u00ed ze stepi. Cesta ke koridor\u016fm Nov\u00e9 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pepe Escoba<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ned\u011blitelnost bezpe\u010dnosti, o kterou usiluj\u00ed Rusko a \u010c\u00edna, se scvrk\u00e1v\u00e1 na faktick\u00e9 uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed Charty OSN….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31562,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1161,39,638],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64659"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64659\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}