{"id":64481,"date":"2024-10-19T00:37:21","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T22:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=64481"},"modified":"2024-10-18T15:16:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T13:16:47","slug":"proc-se-mladi-rusove-nevzbouri-proti-putinovi-a-co-to-znamena-pro-budoucnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/19\/proc-se-mladi-rusove-nevzbouri-proti-putinovi-a-co-to-znamena-pro-budoucnost\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d se mlad\u00ed Rusov\u00e9 nevzbou\u0159\u00ed proti Putinovi \u2013 a co to znamen\u00e1 pro budoucnost"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V „Zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bcech“ m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro publikace exilov\u00fd Rus Andrej Kolesnikov. Pod n\u00e1zvem: „Putinovy \u200b\u200bd\u011bti“ tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee rusk\u00fd prezident zformoval ml\u00e1de\u017e, kter\u00e1 je ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem imunn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di pokus\u016fm o destabilizaci c\u00edlen\u00fdm politick\u00fdm a kulturn\u00edm vlivem.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm vyd\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Foreign Affairs<\/span><\/em>\u00a0z 15. \u0159\u00edjna , dom\u00e1c\u00ed publikaci Atlantick\u00e9 rady, Kolesnikov zkoum\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku ozn\u00e1menou v podtitulu sv\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku: „Pro\u010d se mlad\u00ed Rusov\u00e9 nebou\u0159\u00ed – a co to znamen\u00e1 pro budoucnost.“ Nicm\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fvody, kter\u00e9 autor identifikoval, pat\u0159\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e do kategorie skute\u010dn\u00e9 satiry ne\u017e do \u00fadajn\u011b \u201epolitologick\u00e9ho\u201c \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/span><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem, na kter\u00fd Kolesnikov poukazuje, je \u00fadajn\u00fd vliv st\u00e1tem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 propagandy na mlad\u00e9 Rusy. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m byl po l\u00e9ta vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n vl\u00e1dou k propagaci konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, kter\u00fd zobrazuje st\u00e1t a jeho v\u016fdce v pozitivn\u00edm sv\u011btle. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 v Rusku vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m konzumuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1tem kontrolovan\u00e9 informace a alternativn\u00ed n\u00e1zory jsou t\u011b\u017eko dostupn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u00a0<\/span>Koment\u00e1\u0159<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Mlad\u00ed Rusov\u00e9 maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a internet a mohou se dokonce dozv\u011bd\u011bt o Z\u00e1padu v\u00edce, ne\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat o Rusku v N\u011bmecku, proto\u017ee EU a semafory v Berl\u00edn\u011b maj\u00ed rusk\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly a m\u00e9dia, jako je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>RT<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0a propaganda neexistuje pouze v Rusku I v N\u011bmecku vyr\u016fst\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m konzumuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1tem kontrolovan\u00e9 informace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Kolesnikova se zejm\u00e9na od za\u010d\u00e1tku invaze na Ukrajinu v roce 2022 zintenzivnila propaganda s c\u00edlem povzbudit vlasteneck\u00e9 nad\u0161en\u00ed a podporu Putinovy \u200b\u200bpolitiky. Tato jednostrann\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u00ed politika vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed generaci, kter\u00e1 nezpochyb\u0148uje kroky vl\u00e1dy. Kolesnikov zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee mnoho mlad\u00fdch Rus\u016f v\u011b\u0159\u00ed narativ\u016fm st\u00e1tn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed a odm\u00edt\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy jako nep\u0159\u00e1telskou propagandu.<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u00a0<\/span>Koment\u00e1\u0159<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee mlad\u00ed Rusov\u00e9 nejsou tak naivn\u00ed, aby v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee NATO se k jejich zemi p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eilo jen proto, \u017ee tolik miluje ruskou kulturu. Mlad\u00ed Rusov\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee… Washingtonem p\u0159iznan\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br um\u00edstit americk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b rakety na Ukrajin\u011b nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu pro jejich rodnou zemi Rakety by sotva byly nam\u00ed\u0159eny proti Severn\u00ed Koreji nebo \u00cdr\u00e1nu Mlad\u00ed Rusov\u00e9 nemus\u00ed m\u00edt vystudovanou psychologii, aby poznali, kdy z\u00e1padn\u00ed politici l\u017eou, a to poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e otev\u0159ou \u00fasta. )<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale Kolesnikov pokra\u010duje v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed stra\u0161liv\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiky Ruska, jakoby prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm politick\u00e9 indoktrinace. To za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch a pokra\u010duje na univerzit\u00e1ch a v pracovn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u00a0<\/span>Koment\u00e1\u0159 : M\u011bli by Rusov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edst \u201enez\u00e1visl\u00e1\u201c m\u00e9dia\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0 Bild, nebo by se m\u011bly\u00a0\u00a0zapojit\u00a0\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9 a z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly jako\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>ARD<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>BBC ?)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Kladivo p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e Kolesnikov tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v Rusku jsou \u201eopozi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1zory kriminalizov\u00e1ny\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u00a0<\/span>Koment\u00e1\u0159<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Takov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory nejsou rozhodn\u011b kriminalizov\u00e1ny v\u00edce ne\u017e v N\u011bmecku a rozhodn\u011b mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kde je nyn\u00ed ve v\u011bzen\u00ed asi 3000 lid\u00ed za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou v souladu s vl\u00e1dou.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161imli\u00a0 si n\u011bkdy \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i\u00a0<\/span>RT<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u017ee tazatel\u00e9 v pouli\u010dn\u00edch rozhovorech na z\u00e1padn\u00edch vys\u00edlac\u00edch stanic\u00edch \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Moskv\u011b v\u017edy najdete Rusy, kte\u0159\u00ed se bez ostychu a bez zakryt\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed d\u00edvaj\u00ed do kamery a \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u201eopozi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1zory\u201c z hlediska vl\u00e1dy?)<\/span><\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed pro ruskou ml\u00e1de\u017e.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd podle Kolesnikova br\u00e1n\u00ed vzpou\u0159e ml\u00e1de\u017ee, je relativn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 stabilita a bezpe\u010dnost, kterou v Rusku za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Pro mnoh\u00e9 je Putinova \u00e9ra spojena s ekonomick\u00fdm pokrokem a blahobytem, \u200b\u200bzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s chaotick\u00fdm Jelcinem l\u00e9ta po rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. B\u011bhem t\u011bchto let mnoho rodin za\u017eilo chudobu, nejistotu a politickou nestabilitu, a proto je stabilita a rostouc\u00ed prosperita posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro mnoho mlad\u00fdch Rus\u016f je udr\u017een\u00ed stability nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritou. Politick\u00e9 nepokoje a revolu\u010dn\u00ed ot\u0159esy by byly vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako ohro\u017een\u00ed osobn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a soci\u00e1ln\u00edho sm\u00edru. Mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed je nav\u00edc ekonomicky z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na st\u00e1tu, a\u0165 u\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m sektoru nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1vek, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed loajalitu v\u016f\u010di vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u00a0<\/span>Koment\u00e1\u0159<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Z t\u011bchto \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f m\u016f\u017eete sly\u0161et, jak moc Kolesnikova mrz\u00ed, \u017ee se mlad\u00fdm Rus\u016fm tak da\u0159\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e to srovn\u00e1te se situac\u00ed a vyhl\u00eddkami mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed ve st\u00e1le v\u00edce zapadl\u00fdch a mor\u00e1ln\u011b zch\u00e1tral\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch modelov\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dadajn\u00fd nedostatek alternativ a represe<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle Kolesnikova je v Rusku tak\u00e9 m\u00e1lo d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch alternativ, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt pro mlad\u00e9 lidi atraktivn\u00ed. Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee opozi\u010dn\u00ed hnut\u00ed takov\u00e9 alternativy obsahuj\u00ed. Tato hnut\u00ed v\u0161ak byla z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti rozdrcena a prominentn\u00ed osobnosti jako (rasistick\u00fd a nacistick\u00fd) Alexej Navalnyj byli uv\u011bzn\u011bni nebo nuceni odej\u00edt do exilu. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 vyr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed v takov\u00e9m represivn\u00edm politick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed by vid\u011bli jen mal\u00fd prostor pro zm\u011bnu nebo vzpouru.<\/span><\/p>\n

My\u0161lenka vzpoury proti Putinovi je nejen riskantn\u00ed, ale zd\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 beznad\u011bjn\u00e1. Politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m je navr\u017een tak, aby udr\u017eoval status quo a systematicky potla\u010doval jakoukoli formu opozice. Z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 omezuj\u00ed svobodu shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 tresty za protesty, by v z\u00e1rodku potla\u010dily jakoukoli formu vzpoury proti vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vliv rusk\u00e9 kultury a historie<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b se na pasivit\u011b mlad\u00e9 generace podle autora\u00a0<\/span>Foreign Affairs<\/span><\/em>\u00a0pod\u00edl\u00ed\u00a0 i hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 kultura.\u00a0Kolesnikov popisuje kulturu poslu\u0161nosti v\u016f\u010di autorit\u011b a hlubok\u00e9ho respektu k roli st\u00e1tu v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch Ruska. V rusk\u00e9m vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je st\u00e1t \u010dasto vykreslov\u00e1n jako zachr\u00e1nce lidu v dob\u00e1ch krize, a\u0165 u\u017e b\u011bhem v\u00e1lek nebo v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch letech hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fapadku po konci Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Tyto kulturn\u00ed normy jsou hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bny v rusk\u00e9m pov\u011bdom\u00ed a formuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyhl\u00eddky do budoucna<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Co to v\u0161echno znamen\u00e1 pro budoucnost Ruska, klade Kolesnikov na z\u00e1v\u011br \u0159e\u010dnickou ot\u00e1zku, aby na ni vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed s\u00e1m odpov\u011bd\u011bl: Neochota mlad\u00e9 generace bou\u0159it se proti Putinovi je zn\u00e1mkou dlouhodob\u00e9 stability sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. St\u00e1tem veden\u00e1 kontrola vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u00e9di\u00ed a kultury formovala generaci, kter\u00e1 je m\u00e9n\u011b naklon\u011bna zpochyb\u0148ovat status quo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kolesnikov p\u0159esto v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee na\u0161el n\u00e1znaky, \u017ee by se to mohlo zm\u011bnit. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 invaze a jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky zpolitizovaly n\u011bkter\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 lidi, zejm\u00e9na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k z\u00e1padn\u00edm informac\u00edm nebo \u017eij\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Tato skupina by mohla v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech hr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli v politick\u00e9 opozici. Kolesnikov v\u0161ak varuje p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00fdm optimismem: apar\u00e1t \u201ePutinova re\u017eimu\u201c je siln\u00fd a pevn\u011b ukotven\u00fd ve spole\u010dnosti a ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b doch\u00e1zet jen pomalu a postupn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kolesnikov\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek poslou\u017eil v\u0161em negativn\u00edm p\u0159edsudk\u016fm zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00e9ho establishmentu USA, ale autor st\u00e1le nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edt s dobrou zpr\u00e1vou o rostouc\u00ed nestabilit\u011b v Rusku. Mus\u00ed p\u0159ipustit opak, toti\u017e \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v Rusku p\u0159etrv\u00e1 dlouho, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b dokud mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 neuvid\u00ed jasnou pob\u00eddku postavit se Putinovi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Rainer Rupp<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V „Zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bcech“ m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro publikace exilov\u00fd Rus Andrej Kolesnikov. Pod n\u00e1zvem:…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":64482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,6907,102,22],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64481"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64481"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64481\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}