{"id":64471,"date":"2024-10-19T00:31:04","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T22:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=64471"},"modified":"2024-10-18T14:43:23","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T12:43:23","slug":"uriel-araujo-plan-vitezstvi-jako-nastroj-k-realizaci-etnokraticke-fantazie-na-ukrajine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/19\/uriel-araujo-plan-vitezstvi-jako-nastroj-k-realizaci-etnokraticke-fantazie-na-ukrajine\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: \u201ePl\u00e1n v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u201c jako n\u00e1stroj k realizaci etnokratick\u00e9 fantazie na Ukrajin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ukrajinsk\u00fd prezident Volodymyr Zelenskyj minul\u00fd t\u00fdden nez\u00edskal velkou podporu od evropsk\u00fdch spojenc\u016f, p\u0159esto\u00a0v\u010dera p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9mu parlamentu\u00a0<\/span>ozn\u00e1mil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u016fj docela grandi\u00f3zn\u00ed \u201ePl\u00e1n v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u201c. \u201eBudoucnost\u00ed Ukrajiny je bezpochyby b\u00fdt silnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho sv\u011bta, b\u00fdt rovn\u00fdm d\u00edlem se v\u0161emi vedouc\u00edmi n\u00e1rody, b\u00fdt plnohodnotn\u00fdm \u010dlenem Evropsk\u00e9 unie a NATO,\u201c \u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 v\u011bc samoz\u0159ejm\u011b do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na ochot\u011b Z\u00e1padu pomoci ji implementovat, a t\u00edm zat\u00e1hnout Atlantickou alianci do konfliktu, jak znovu a znovu opakoval: \u201ePro n\u00e1s je zcela legitimn\u00ed obr\u00e1tit se o podporu v t\u00e9to bitv\u011b na na\u0161e partnery.\u201c . Hodn\u011b se mluv\u00ed o 5 bodech prezentovan\u00fdch Zelensk\u00fdm, ale stoj\u00ed za to analyzovat etno-n\u00e1rodn\u00ed premisy za touto my\u0161lenkou \u201esl\u00e1vy Ukrajiny\u201c, kv\u016fli kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za to ob\u011btovat tolik a \u010delit (a ukl\u00e1dat) riziku Konflikt NATO-Rusko:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eRusko mus\u00ed prohr\u00e1t v\u00e1lku proti Ukrajin\u011b. A to nen\u00ed \u201ezmrazen\u00ed\u201c. A nejde o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s ukrajinsk\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm nebo suverenitou,\u201c \u0159ekl ukrajinsk\u00fd v\u016fdce ve sv\u00e9m projevu o V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu docela v\u00fdmluvn\u011b, \u017ee jeho zem\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed \u201e\u017e\u00edt nez\u00e1visle, \u017e\u00edt svobodn\u011b, suver\u00e9nn\u011b, na vlastn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b a podle sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato posledn\u00ed v\u011bta zn\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b f\u00e9rov\u011b a za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed bude ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t br\u00e1nit svou \u00fazemn\u00ed suverenitu. Ale je tak\u00e9 pravda, \u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u00fazemn\u00edm prom\u011bn\u00e1m se zisky a ztr\u00e1tami. A tak\u00e9 je pravda, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed Ukrajina je kv\u016fli zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 politice sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem nafouknut\u00fd st\u00e1t, co do \u00fazem\u00ed. Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s t\u00edm Rusko ztratilo spoustu sv\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti v postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a na Kavkaze (stejn\u011b jako v postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed Africe) nen\u00ed celkov\u00e1 situace s hranicemi ani zdaleka vy\u0159e\u0161enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a je st\u00e1le jak\u00fdmsi nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem s \u0159adou zamrzl\u00fdch konflikty a neuznan\u00e9 zem\u011b a\/nebo st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 zpochybnily nebo omezily uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed zm\u00ednit p\u0159\u00edpady (\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z nich nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmou ruskou \u00fa\u010dast, pokud jde o n\u00e1roky) Podn\u011bst\u0159\u00ed (n\u00e1rokov\u00e1no Moldavskem), Ji\u017en\u00ed Osetie a Abch\u00e1zie (ob\u011b si n\u00e1rokuje Gruzie), arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1 exkl\u00e1va N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu nebo Artsakh (\u00a0<\/span>ned\u00e1vno obsazen\u00e1 od \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee Ukrajina v tomto \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm postsov\u011btsk\u00e9m kontextu v t\u00e9to v\u011bci nen\u00ed v\u016fbec sama a\u00a0<\/span>Krym<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Donbas<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jsou \u017ehav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti skute\u010dnost, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t bombardoval\u00a0<\/span>oblast Donbasu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, co\u017e bylo (do roku 2022) \u010dasto popisov\u00e1no jako \u201ezapomenut\u00e1 v\u00e1lka Evropy\u201c \u2013 lze si jen p\u0159edstavit, co by s t\u00edmto regionem a jeho obyvateli ud\u011blal Kyjevsk\u00fd v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho zva\u017ete toto: v pr\u016fzkumu proveden\u00e9m \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed vypuknut\u00edm konfliktu v roce 2022 v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 procent Ukrajinc\u016f v cel\u00e9 zemi, \u201e\u00a0<\/span>a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b t\u0159etiny na v\u00fdchod\u011b a jihu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c,\u00a0<\/span>souhlasilo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s Putinem, \u017ee Ukrajinci a Rusov\u00e9 jsou \u201ejeden lid\u201c. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 identita byla po stalet\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rusk\u00e9 identity a do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne si miliony Ukrajinc\u016f mysl\u00ed, \u017ee kategorie \u201eRusk\u00fd\u201c a \u201eUkrajinsk\u00fd\u201c jsou n\u011bjak\u00a0<\/span>slad\u011bny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a kompatibiln\u00ed \u2013 a nejsou zcela odd\u011bleny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politolog Ian Bremmer v roce 1994, kter\u00fd p\u0159edpov\u00eddal\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e1lku na Donbasu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, varoval, \u017ee pokud Kyjevsk\u00e1 politika budov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1roda p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 odciz\u00ed \u201eetnick\u00e9 Rusy\u201c v zemi, existuje potenci\u00e1l pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed konflikt. Nicolai N. Petro (profesor politologie na Rhode Islandsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b) dnes\u00a0<\/span>varuje p\u0159ed probl\u00e9my\u00a0<\/span><\/a>s ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0men\u0161in\u00a0v zemi, kter\u00e9 \u201eodsouvaj\u00ed rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed lidi do trval\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed druh\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

A to je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed j\u00e1dra probl\u00e9mu. Chris Hann (emeritn\u00ed \u0159editel Institutu Maxe Plancka pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed antropologii v Halle)\u00a0ve sv\u00e9m akademick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku z roku 2023 nazvan\u00e9m \u201e\u00a0<\/span>O n\u00e1rodech, historii a suverenit\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c rozli\u0161uje mezi \u201ehistorick\u00fdmi\u201c a \u201enehistorick\u00fdmi\u201c n\u00e1rody. neimplikuje, je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, jak\u00fdkoli druh \u201em\u00e9n\u011bcennosti\u201c: \u201ehistorick\u00e9 n\u00e1rody\u201c by byly pouze ty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dlouhou tradici st\u00e1tnosti a jasn\u011b definovanou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu. Etnolog zdaleka nen\u00ed \u201ePutinov\u00fdm podporovatelem\u201c, ale zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee \u201evelk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pokryt\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu naturalizuje ukrajinsk\u00fd lid\/n\u00e1rod\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo Putina r\u00e1d nebo ne, kdy\u017e\u00a0<\/span>mluv\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o relativn\u00ed novosti samostatn\u00e9ho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, pouze uv\u00e1d\u00ed historick\u00e1 fakta. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let Mark von Hagen v \u010dl\u00e1nku nazvan\u00e9m: \u201e\u00a0<\/span>M\u00e1 Ukrajina historii?<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, napsal n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: \u201edne\u0161n\u00ed Ukrajina je velmi modern\u00ed v\u00fdtvor, s m\u00e1lo pevn\u011b zaveden\u00fdm precedentem v n\u00e1rodn\u00ed minulosti. Psal o riziku \u201ep\u0159ehnan\u00e9ho zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed [ukrajinsk\u00e9ho] nacionalismu a etnicity, aby se kompenzovalo p\u0159edchoz\u00ed podd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b Kataryna Wolczuk ve druh\u00e9 kapitole sv\u00e9 knihy \u201eThe Molding of Ukraine\u201c z roku 2001\u00a0<\/span>p\u00ed\u0161e<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee: \u201eUkrajinsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny se nehod\u00ed ke konfiguraci jako line\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u011bjiny… Postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b chyb\u00ed \u201ehistorick\u00e1 legitimita\u201c odvozen\u00e1 z odli\u0161n\u00fdch a identifikovateln\u00e9“ institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed tradice a stabiln\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed hranice.“<\/span><\/p>\n

To byl projekt politick\u00e9 elity zem\u011b p\u0159ipravovan\u00fd od devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let \u2013 a v roce 2014 nabral ost\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed obr\u00e1tky. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee etnokratick\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak si tento n\u00e1rod p\u0159edstavuje, je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm problematick\u00fd a buduje se zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd potenci\u00e1ln\u011b (podle Nicolaie N. Petro,\u00a0<\/span>p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00edho pro Foreign Policy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) jednodu\u0161e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>odciz\u00ed a vylu\u010duje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 populace \u2013 nemluv\u011b o sousedn\u00edch spojenc\u00edch, jako je\u00a0<\/span>Polsko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b objektivn\u011b vzato, a\u0165 u\u017e se to n\u011bkomu l\u00edb\u00ed nebo ne, Zelenskyj se prost\u011b nezd\u00e1 b\u00fdt velk\u00fdm st\u00e1tn\u00edkem. Je to sp\u00ed\u0161e nezku\u0161en\u00fd politik (\u201eprezident z komika\u201c) a de facto dikt\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd zak\u00e1zal\u00a0<\/span>ve\u0161kerou opozici<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 slab\u00fd v\u016fdce, kter\u00fd je\u00a0<\/span>rukojm\u00edm ozbrojen\u00fdch ultranacionalist\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>neofa\u0161ist\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Z toho d\u016fvodu Ted Snider,\u00a0<\/span>p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00ed pro Responsible Statecraft<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, docela p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ani on nen\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b vyjedn\u00e1vat o m\u00edru.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m ukrajinsk\u00e9m veden\u00ed a stavu v\u011bc\u00ed se nezd\u00e1 b\u00fdt dosa\u017eiteln\u00fd \u00fakol zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1roda se v\u0161emi jeho \u00fazemn\u00edmi ambicemi pro Velkou Ukrajinu. A pokud by se n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem takov\u00fd c\u00edl uskute\u010dnil (tak, jak si to dnes p\u0159edstavuje), nebyl by to skute\u010dn\u011b \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed v\u00fdsledek z hlediska m\u00edstn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a stability nebo lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti populace Ukrajiny a jej\u00edch sporn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed. . Bez \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto etnopolitick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je jen mal\u00e1 nad\u011bje na m\u00edr v regionu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/p>\n

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Ukrajinsk\u00fd prezident Volodymyr Zelenskyj minul\u00fd t\u00fdden nez\u00edskal velkou podporu od evropsk\u00fdch spojenc\u016f, p\u0159esto\u00a0v\u010dera p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":64472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,640,39,1000],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64471"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64471"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64471\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}