{"id":64016,"date":"2024-10-11T00:39:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T22:39:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=64016"},"modified":"2024-10-10T16:57:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T14:57:03","slug":"ivo-sebestik-nemela-by-osn-opustit-americke-zajeti-v-new-yorku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/11\/ivo-sebestik-nemela-by-osn-opustit-americke-zajeti-v-new-yorku\/","title":{"rendered":"Ivo \u0160ebest\u00edk: Nem\u011bla by OSN opustit \u201eamerick\u00e9 zajet\u00ed\u201c v New Yorku?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nikoliv, nikdo nepl\u00e1nuje p\u0159em\u00edstit hlavn\u00ed s\u00eddlo Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f (OSN) z \u00fazem\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f do n\u011bkter\u00e9 neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed zem\u011b, v n\u00ed\u017e by nap\u0159\u00edklad o ud\u011blen\u00ed vstupn\u00edch v\u00edz pro diplomaty 193 zem\u00ed sv\u011bta a o prostoru jejich povolen\u00e9ho pohybu nerozhodovaly org\u00e1ny USA. Mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fst\u00e1vat tato nejpresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace na \u00fazem\u00ed hegemona jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 epo\u0161e jeho dominance de facto neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1ty u\u017e nikde na planet\u011b neexistuj\u00ed. Jedno z vedlej\u0161\u00edch s\u00eddel OSN se sice nach\u00e1z\u00ed v \u017denev\u011b, nicm\u00e9n\u011b neutralita \u0160v\u00fdcarska se v posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech uk\u00e1zala b\u00fdt \u010dirou iluz\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 to je, kdy\u017e se n\u011bjak\u00e1 \u201enadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed\u201c \u010di mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed instituce t\u011b\u0161\u00edc\u00ed se dokonce zna\u010dn\u00e9 autorit\u011b ocitne ve sf\u00e9\u0159e pln\u00e9ho vlivu n\u011bkter\u00e9 sv\u011btsk\u00e9 moci, ukazuje historick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159enesen\u00ed pape\u017esk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu z\u00a0\u0158\u00edma do francouzsk\u00e9ho Avignonu, kde se pape\u017e stal de facto (nikoliv de iure) vazalem francouzsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le\u00a0Filipa IV.\u00a0<\/em>zvan\u00e9ho\u00a0\u201eSli\u010dn\u00fd\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vedouc\u00ed postupn\u011b k\u00a0velk\u00e9mu schizmatu z\u00e1padn\u00edho k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, dokonce k\u00a0period\u011b, ve kter\u00e9 m\u011bli k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 na Z\u00e1pad\u011b pape\u017ee t\u0159i, stoj\u00ed alespo\u0148 za n\u011bkolik \u0159\u00e1dek.\u00a0Filip I. \u201eSli\u010dn\u00fd\u201c (1268 \u2013 1314)\u00a0<\/em>byl mocn\u00fd ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed kr\u00e1l, kter\u00fd prosazoval sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy bez velk\u00fdch skrupul\u00ed. Zni\u010dil\u00a0templ\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d<\/em>, dokonce n\u011bkolik templ\u00e1\u0159\u016f poslal na hranici. Vedle toho m\u011bl ale spory s\u00a0\u0159\u00edmskou kuri\u00ed i samotn\u00fdm pape\u017eem\u00a0Bonif\u00e1cem VIII.<\/em>\u00a0Ty vy\u0159e\u0161il roku 1305 p\u0159enesen\u00edm pape\u017estv\u00ed z\u00a0\u0158\u00edma, jen\u017e se nach\u00e1zel v\u00a0hlubok\u00e9m \u00fapadku, do jihofrancouzsk\u00e9ho Avignonu. Tam Filip prosadil na pape\u017esk\u00fd stolec francouzsk\u00e9ho duchovn\u00edho\u00a0Bertranda de Goth<\/em>, jen\u017e p\u0159ijal jm\u00e9no\u00a0Klement V<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Byl to inteligentn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, nicm\u00e9n\u011b jeden z\u00a0t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed ch\u00e1pou, \u017ee je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 sv\u00e9mu chlebod\u00e1rci slou\u017eit, ne\u017e jakkoliv vystupovat proti n\u011bmu. Touto filozofi\u00ed se ostatn\u011b \u0159\u00edd\u00ed i naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch \u201epolitik\u016f\u201c a \u201enovin\u00e1\u0159\u016f\u201c na Z\u00e1pad\u011b. S\u00eddlem pape\u017ee se stal roku 1309 Avignon. Pape\u017e\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1sledovali v \u201eavignonsk\u00e9m zajet\u00ed\u201c se ve m\u011bst\u011b nejsp\u00ed\u0161 l\u00edbilo. Avignon se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0malebn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm r\u00e1mci, kter\u00fd byl tehdy jist\u011b je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je tomu dnes. M\u011bli pouze jeden probl\u00e9m. A sice ten, \u017ee museli sladit svoji vysokou duchovn\u00ed funkci s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edmi a pot\u0159ebami tohoto francouzsk\u00e9ho panovn\u00edka a jeho n\u00e1sledovn\u00edk\u016f. Zkr\u00e1tka, byl zde hegemon, co\u017e je v\u017edy znakem toho, \u017ee nad u\u0161lechtil\u00fdmi vizemi, n\u011bkdy i nad Bohem, stoj\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btsk\u00e1, soukrom\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Takto za\u010daly velk\u00e9 ot\u0159esy v\u00a0c\u00edrkevn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, je\u017e pozd\u011bji vedly k\u00a0schizmatu p\u0159i existenci dvou pape\u017e\u016f, a nakonec volbou\u00a0Jana XXIII.<\/em>\u00a0i k\u00a0pape\u017e\u016fm t\u0159em. Schizma v\u00a0c\u00edrkvi odstranil a\u017e c\u00edrkevn\u00ed koncil v\u00a0Kostnici, kter\u00e9mu p\u0159edsedal syn c\u00edsa\u0159e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho a kr\u00e1le \u010desk\u00e9ho Karla IV.,\u00a0Zikmund Lucembursk\u00fd<\/em>. V\u00fdsledkem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed koncilu bylo sesazen\u00ed dvou pape\u017e\u016f a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed toho t\u0159et\u00edho, tak\u017ee mohl b\u00fdt op\u011bt zvolen pape\u017e jedin\u00fd se s\u00eddlem v\u00a0\u0158\u00edm\u011b, a t\u00edm se stal Ital z\u00a0\u0158\u00edma,\u00a0Odo de Colonna<\/em>, jen\u017e usedl na pape\u017esk\u00fd stolec se jm\u00e9nem\u00a0Martin V.<\/em>\u00a0Kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edt\u00edm koncil v\u00a0Kostnici odsoudil na smrt \u010desk\u00e9ho reformn\u00edho kazatele,\u00a0Jana Husa<\/em>, a o rok pozd\u011bji tak\u00e9 jeho kolegu\u00a0Jeron\u00fdma Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho<\/em>, jemu\u017e d\u011bjiny nepr\u00e1vem v\u011bnuj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed pozornost.<\/p>\n

Tolik p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh z\u00a0d\u00e1vn\u00fdch d\u011bjin, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se nejpresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed instituce z\u00e1padn\u00edho k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed ocitla pod dohledem jedn\u00e9 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 mocnosti, jej\u00ed\u017e kr\u00e1l a s\u00a0n\u00edm i jeho dv\u016fr dok\u00e1zali pod\u0159\u00eddit jej\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdm mocensk\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm.\u00a0Historia magistra vitae.<\/em>\u00a0Ano, lid\u00e9 by nem\u011bli zapom\u00ednat na d\u011bjiny.\u00a0Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f<\/em>\u00a0byla zalo\u017eena hned po v\u00e1lce, tedy u\u017e v\u00a0roce 1945, jako n\u00e1stupkyn\u011b\u00a0Spole\u010dnosti n\u00e1rod\u016f<\/em>. Jej\u00edmi \u010dleny jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty sv\u011bta, kter\u00e9 se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve sv\u00fdch stanov\u00e1ch m\u00e1 OSN uvedeno, \u017ee tyto n\u00e1rody sdru\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0OSN jednaj\u00ed\u00a0\u201ena principu suver\u00e9nn\u00ed rovnosti\u201c.<\/em>\u00a0Pot\u00ed\u017e je ale v\u00a0tom, \u017ee deleg\u00e1ti zastupuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1rody a st\u00e1ty v\u00a0OSN, mohou ve skute\u010dnosti u\u017e\u00edvat \u201esuver\u00e9nn\u00ed rovnosti\u201c pouze za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee na Zemi nebyl ustaven hegemon. Existuje-li hegemon, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 mo\u017enost prosazovat svoje z\u00e1jmy bez ohledu na to, co si ve skute\u010dnosti mysl\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 n\u00e1rody, pak je \u201eprincip suver\u00e9nn\u00ed rovnosti\u201c \u010dirou iluz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na podob\u011b hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 OSN je \u201eprincip suver\u00e9nn\u00ed rovnosti\u201c patrn\u00fd na prvn\u00ed pohled. Jde-li o rezoluci, kterou navrhuj\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159\u00edmo nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9ho ochotn\u00e9ho vazalsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, pak vrcholem \u201esuver\u00e9nn\u00ed rovnosti\u201c deleg\u00e1t\u016f zastupuj\u00edc\u00edch jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty je pr\u00e1vo zdr\u017eet se hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdo se zdr\u017e\u00ed hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt za sou\u010dasn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pova\u017eov\u00e1n v\u00a0podstat\u011b za state\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Proti americk\u00fdm n\u00e1vrh\u016fm hlasuj\u00ed pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 velmoci, a to ani ne v\u017edy.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00e1 je ale v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje mo\u017enost, \u017ee americk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady mohou odep\u0159\u00edt zcela nebo alespo\u0148 zdr\u017eovat ud\u011blen\u00ed vstupn\u00edch v\u00edz pro \u010dleny delegac\u00ed nebo pro jejich pozvan\u00e9 hosty a \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b akreditovan\u00e9 novin\u00e1\u0159e, jestli\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o st\u00e1t, se kter\u00fdm maj\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty (NATO\/EU, \u201ekolektivn\u00ed Z\u00e1pad\u201c) n\u011bjak\u00e9 spory nebo konflikty. Toto se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech nejednou p\u0159ihodilo \u010dlen\u016fm delegace z\u00a0Rusk\u00e9 federace. \u00da\u0159ady v\u00a0USA se n\u00e1sledn\u011b vymlouvaj\u00ed na to, \u017ee se \u201ev\u00edzov\u00e1 procedura zdr\u017eela\u201c. \u017de by se\u00a0\u201edeus ex machina\u201c<\/em>\u00a0nespustil ve Washingtonu z\u00a0kladky v\u010das, aby na tragikomick\u00e9m jevi\u0161ti sou\u010dasn\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiky ud\u011blil v\u00edzum?<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak znep\u0159\u00edjemnit \u017eivot \u010dlen\u016fm delegac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Washington u OSN v\u00a0New Yorku nevid\u00ed r\u00e1d, a hlavn\u011b by je tam nerad sly\u0161el, je omezen\u00ed pohybu \u010dlen\u016fm delegac\u00ed na minimum v\u00a0okol\u00ed budov OSN. P\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 Washingtonu se mohou vzd\u00e1lit z\u00a0dohledu, deleg\u00e1ti z\u00a0neposlu\u0161n\u00fdch a vzdoruj\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f nikoliv.<\/p>\n

Ve sv\u011bt\u011b, ve kter\u00e9m (bohu\u017eel je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le) p\u016fsob\u00ed jeden planet\u00e1rn\u00ed hegemon, je skute\u010dnou absurdnost\u00ed ponech\u00e1vat pod jeho dozorem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed instituci prvo\u0159ad\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, tedy Organizaci spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Jej\u00edm p\u0159est\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00edm jinam by se americk\u00fd vliv na deleg\u00e1ty nejsp\u00ed\u0161 zmen\u0161il jen nepatrn\u011b, ale i to by bylo ku prosp\u011bchu v\u011bci. Aspo\u0148 by n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0nich m\u011bli nad\u011bji zamluvit si v\u010das letenky na cestu a neb\u00e1t se do posledn\u00ed minuty, \u017ee z\u00a0Washingtonu p\u0159ijde zpr\u00e1va:\u00a0\u201eSorry, no visa!\u201c<\/em>\u00a0Jenom\u017ee i tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 bez odpov\u011bdi ot\u00e1zka: \u201eKam s\u00a0n\u00ed?\u201c Kam s\u00a0OSN, kdy\u017e na Zemi moment\u00e1ln\u011b (asi t\u0159i dek\u00e1dy) u\u017e nejsou neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1ty? Mo\u017en\u00e1 by OSN mohla zasedat na Antarktid\u011b, ale tam by se jist\u011b prudce zvedly n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdh\u0159ev budov a m\u00edstnost\u00ed, tak\u017ee by z\u016fstalo m\u00e9n\u011b dolar\u016f na v\u00e1lky, bez nich\u017e by se z\u00a0budov Pentagonu, Kongresu, ze samotn\u00e9ho B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu a z\u00a0\u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed NATO v Bruselu oz\u00fdvaly dnem a noci n\u00e1\u0159ek, kv\u00edlen\u00ed a b\u011bdov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A propos, OSN je instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se dostalo Nobelovy ceny m\u00edru. Stalo se tak v\u00a0roce 2001, tedy pouh\u00e9 dva roky pot\u00e9, co NATO vedlo nevyprovokovanou agresi proti Jugosl\u00e1vii, j\u00ed\u017e OSN nedok\u00e1zala zabr\u00e1nit. NATO pod veden\u00edm USA ji vedlo v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0rezoluc\u00ed Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN, tedy v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem. Tato agrese vlastn\u011b odstranila mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo ze zorn\u00e9ho pole mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiky. Nobelova cena \u201em\u00edru\u201c byla tedy n\u00e1plast\u00ed na bezmocnost Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f vzhledem k v\u016fli hegemona? Z\u0159ejm\u011b se to d\u00e1 br\u00e1t i takto.<\/p>\n

Ivo \u0160ebest\u00edk<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

(<\/strong>Nov\u00e9 slovo<\/strong><\/a>)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nikoliv, nikdo nepl\u00e1nuje p\u0159em\u00edstit hlavn\u00ed s\u00eddlo Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f (OSN) z \u00fazem\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f do…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1747,186,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64016"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64016"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64016\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}