{"id":63819,"date":"2024-10-08T07:29:35","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T05:29:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=63819"},"modified":"2024-10-08T08:35:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T06:35:09","slug":"uriel-araujo-zniceni-hizballahu-je-pro-turecko-vitanym-krokem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/10\/08\/uriel-araujo-zniceni-hizballahu-je-pro-turecko-vitanym-krokem\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Zni\u010den\u00ed Hizball\u00e1hu je pro Turecko v\u00edtan\u00fdm krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V den v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed \u00fatok\u016f ze 7. \u0159\u00edjna eskaluje krize v Levant\u011b v bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco Izrael\u00a0<\/span>zesiluje sv\u00e9 \u00fatoky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proti libanonsk\u00e9mu hlavn\u00edmu m\u011bstu a Gaze (a tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>S\u00fdrii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Jemenu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), \u00cdr\u00e1n v ned\u011bli zastavil v\u0161echny lety – pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jako preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f. Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden \u010delil \u017eidovsk\u00fd st\u00e1t asi 200 \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdm balistick\u00fdm st\u0159el\u00e1m, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina byla bu\u010f zachycena, nebo p\u0159ist\u00e1la na otev\u0159en\u00e9m prostranstv\u00ed. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b do\u0161lo k ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m na izraelsk\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e a nav\u00edc 10 milion\u016f Izraelc\u016f muselo hledat \u00fakryt \u2013\u00a0<\/span>podle Times of Israel<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Uprost\u0159ed izraelsk\u00e9 mnohostrann\u00e9 v\u00e1lky z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 role, kterou sehraje Turecko, nejasn\u00e1 \u2013 alespo\u0148 zat\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

V r\u00e9torice a diplomatick\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e je Ankara st\u00e1le hlasit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o akc\u00edch Tel Avivu. M\u016f\u017eeme si p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee v srpnu tureck\u00fd prezident Recep Tayyip Erdogan \u0159ekl, \u017ee jeho zem\u011b by mohla\u00a0<\/span>vojensky zas\u00e1hnout<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do izraelsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v Palestin\u011b. 30. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tureck\u00fd prezident ve sv\u00e9m projevu na Valn\u00e9m shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f (VZ OSN) dokonce p\u0159irovnal izraelsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed k Hitlerovi a vyzval k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201emezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed aliance lidskosti\u201c, kter\u00e1 by zastavila sionismus. Dodal, \u017ee OSN by m\u011bla doporu\u010dit pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly k zastaven\u00ed sionistick\u00e9 agrese. Ned\u00e1vno Erdogan tvrdil (minul\u00fd t\u00fdden, kdy\u017e hovo\u0159il o otev\u0159en\u00ed parlamentu), \u017ee dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem Tel Avivu by mohlo b\u00fdt Turecko.<\/span><\/p>\n

V sobotu tureck\u00fd v\u016fdce na akci pobl\u00ed\u017e Istanbulu \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u201ejedin\u00fdm krokem, kter\u00fd zastav\u00ed izraelskou aroganci, izraelsk\u00e9 bandity a izraelsk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed terorismus, je spojenectv\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch zem\u00ed\u201c, a zopakoval tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee \u201enen\u00ed spokojeni s okupovat Gazu s\u00e1m\u201c, u\u017e hled\u011bl na Turecko.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e9ho\u017e dne Erdogan\u00a0<\/span>obvinil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Tel Aviv, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 region\u00e1ln\u00ed konflikty (v Palestin\u011b, Jemenu, Libanonu a S\u00fdrii) jako \u201epouhou z\u00e1minku\u201c pro \u00fazemn\u00ed expanzi: \u201eIzraelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da denn\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s nov\u00fdmi ospravedln\u011bn\u00edmi, aby legitimizovala svou politiku okupace a invaze. .\u201c Krom\u011b toho sl\u00edbil, \u017ee bude pokra\u010dovat v podpo\u0159e Palestiny, a vyzval isl\u00e1msk\u00fd sv\u011bt, aby proti n\u00ed p\u0159ijal obchodn\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zd\u016fraznil skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Turecko je jedin\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd uvalil\u00a0<\/span>ekonomick\u00e9 sankce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na Izrael, a to zastaven\u00edm obchodu (\u00fapln\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed embargo bylo v m\u00edsto od dubna).<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory Erdoganovu vychloub\u00e1n\u00ed jeho zem\u011b st\u00e1le pragmaticky udr\u017euje vztahy s Izraelem, jak\u00a0<\/span>zd\u016fraz\u0148uje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Ragip Soylu (\u0161\u00e9f tureck\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu Middle East Eye se s\u00eddlem v Anka\u0159e) . Diplomat\u00e9 obou zem\u00ed st\u00e1le spolupracuj\u00ed \u201eo praktick\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech\u201c a \u201etureck\u00e9 a izraelsk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby spolu st\u00e1le mluv\u00ed\u201c. Zat\u00edmco \u201eIzrael ustoupil od pl\u00e1n\u016f uvalit dodate\u010dn\u00e9 dan\u011b na tureck\u00e9 produkty\u201c, obchod pokra\u010duje a zbo\u017e\u00ed \u201esm\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159es t\u0159et\u00ed zem\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je dost nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by se Turecko vojensky zapletlo do konfliktu s Izraelem podporovan\u00fdm USA \u2013 stejn\u011b tak ten druh\u00fd nem\u00e1 d\u016fvod \u00fato\u010dit na toho prvn\u00edho. Turecko je koneckonc\u016f \u010dlenem NATO. Selin Nasi, politolog z London School of Economics (LSE), to \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 bez obalu: \u201e\u00datok na Turecko by znamenal konfrontaci s NATO a USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak jsem psal, tureck\u00e9 pokusy prom\u00edtat se jako region\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo dokonce sv\u011btov\u00fd v\u016fdce (jako \u201ehlas sv\u011bdom\u00ed lidstva\u201c, slovy jeho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed) jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ambic\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly pops\u00e1ny jako\u00a0<\/span>neo-osmansk\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0agenda . Takov\u00fd v\u017edy nar\u00e1\u017eel na odpor na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b i mimo n\u011bj. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomenete, \u017ee ji\u017e v roce 2021 si zem\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu (\u00a0<\/span>s v\u00fdjimkou Kataru<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) myslely, \u017ee Ankara a Teher\u00e1n (dva rivalov\u00e9) jsou samy o sob\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrozbou pro Araby ne\u017e Izrael \u2013 p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Turecko bylo zapojeno do \u0159ady z\u00e1stupn\u00fdch v\u00e1lek s arabsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. v\u00a0<\/span>severn\u00ed Africe<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed analytici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Turecko nem\u00e1 na Ham\u00e1s tak velk\u00fd vliv. Huseyin Bagci, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f z Technick\u00e9 univerzity na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b v Anka\u0159e, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201earabsko-izraelsk\u00fd konflikt na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b od roku 1948 byl arabsko-izraelsk\u00fdm konfliktem, nikoli turecko-izraelsk\u00fdm konfliktem\u201c a \u017ee \u201e\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed r\u00e1di bychom do tohoto procesu zapojili Turecko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory tomu, \u017ee Erdogan byl tak v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd v\u016f\u010di izraelsk\u00fdm agres\u00edm, o atent\u00e1tu na veden\u00ed Hizball\u00e1hu v\u00fdrazn\u011b ml\u010del \u2013 a to nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda. Hizball\u00e1h je \u00cdr\u00e1nem podporovan\u00e1 \u0161\u00editsk\u00e1 militantn\u00ed skupina a podle Asliho Aydintasbase, experta na Turecko s\u00eddl\u00edc\u00edho v Brookings Institution, \u201edekapitace Hizball\u00e1hu sni\u017euje vliv nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho region\u00e1ln\u00edho rivala Turecka, \u00cdr\u00e1nu, a nen\u00ed to n\u011bco, kv\u016fli \u010demu by Turecko plakalo. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Hizball\u00e1h i \u00cdr\u00e1n nav\u00edc podporuj\u00ed syrsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Ba\u0161\u00e1ra al-Asada. N\u011bkdo by si mohl vzpomenout, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 Ankara (spolu se sv\u00fdm spojencem, tzv. Syrskou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1dou) vojensky obsadila oblasti severn\u00ed S\u00fdrie. Turci jsou tedy ve skute\u010dnosti neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed okupanti v Levant\u011b stejn\u011b jako Izraelci, kte\u0159\u00ed okupuj\u00ed Golansk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161iny tak\u00e9 v S\u00fdrii. Z levantsk\u00e9 perspektivy se tedy tureck\u00e9 n\u00e1roky (obr\u00e1nce Palestinc\u016f proti agresi a okupaci) mohou setkat pouze s podez\u0159en\u00edm. Historicky vzato si levantsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody S\u00fdrie, Libanonu a Palestiny udr\u017eovaly siln\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>kulturn\u00ed vazby<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a nav\u00edc je zcela nemo\u017en\u00e9 hovo\u0159it o ot\u00e1zce Palestiny izolovan\u011b, proto\u017ee Izrael byl tak\u00e9 v konfliktu se sousedn\u00edm Libanonem a S\u00fdri\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed krize na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, krom\u011b toho, \u017ee jde o region\u00e1ln\u00ed arabsko-izraelsk\u00fd konflikt, je tak\u00e9 eskalac\u00ed dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsko-izraelsk\u00e9 \u201e\u00a0<\/span>neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c \u2013 a Turecko je region\u00e1ln\u00edm rivalem \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 republiky, co\u017e d\u00e1le zkomplikovalo ji\u017e slo\u017eit\u00e1 rovnice. M\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t pouze jakousi dvojhru. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t tureckou r\u00e9toriku na toto t\u00e9ma s rezervou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V den v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed \u00fatok\u016f ze 7. \u0159\u00edjna eskaluje krize v Levant\u011b v bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco Izrael\u00a0zesiluje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":63820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,7085,107,55],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63819"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63819"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63819\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}