{"id":62996,"date":"2024-09-27T04:20:09","date_gmt":"2024-09-27T02:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=62996"},"modified":"2024-09-27T04:20:09","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T02:20:09","slug":"uriel-araujo-hrozi-ze-polsko-ukrajinske-vztahy-upadnou-do-krize-kvuli-polske-genocide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/09\/27\/uriel-araujo-hrozi-ze-polsko-ukrajinske-vztahy-upadnou-do-krize-kvuli-polske-genocide\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Hroz\u00ed, \u017ee polsko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 vztahy upadnou do krize kv\u016fli polsk\u00e9 genocid\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Polsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Rados\u0142aw Sikorski navrhl\u00a0<\/span>d\u00e1t Krymu pod mand\u00e1t OSN<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti samotn\u00e9ho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho establishmentu ob\u010das p\u0159ehodnocovaly celou my\u0161lenku \u201e\u00a0<\/span>znovu dobyt\u00ed Krymu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, ale tento v\u00fdvoj p\u0159esto p\u0159im\u011bl ukrajinsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed konstatovat, \u017ee takov\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy jsou \u201enep\u0159ijateln\u00e9\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro tyto dv\u011b v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b to nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zdroj nap\u011bt\u00ed. Sikorski tak\u00e9 vyzval Ukrajinu, aby umo\u017enila exhumaci ob\u011bt\u00ed tzv. voly\u0148sk\u00fdch masakr\u016f (za 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9 zabili asi 100 000 etnick\u00fdch Pol\u00e1k\u016f). Podle n\u011bj by to m\u011bl Kyjev ud\u011blat \u201e\u00a0<\/span>z vd\u011b\u010dnosti za to, co Polsko dnes pro Ukrajinu d\u011bl\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c. Trval na tom, aby tyto ob\u011bti m\u011bly \u201ek\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd poh\u0159eb\u201c. V Polsku to z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017ehav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee jejich tr\u00fdznitel\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1ni jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2022 ukrajinsko-polsk\u00e9 vztahy ob\u010das p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly horskou dr\u00e1hu vzestup\u016f a p\u00e1d\u016f. Tyto dva n\u00e1rody podnikly ur\u010dit\u00e9 kroky sm\u011brem ke\u00a0<\/span>konfederaci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s v\u00fdvojem, jako je\u00a0<\/span>polsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pomoci ob\u010dan\u016fm Ukrajiny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Jejich bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00e1 dohoda<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ozn\u00e1men\u00e1 na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dervence byla pops\u00e1na jako\u00a0<\/span>bezprecedentn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a zahrnuje tak\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00fd v\u00fdcvik, stejn\u011b jako formov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdcvik nov\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 legie na polsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee je Var\u0161ava logistick\u00fdm uzlem pro sv\u00e9ho souseda (usnad\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edchod z\u00e1padn\u00edch zbran\u00ed), dosud poskytla Kyjevu nejm\u00e9n\u011b 44 bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f vojensk\u00e9 pomoci v hodnot\u011b asi 4 miliard eur \u2013 a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jednoho z nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch spojenc\u016f Ukrajiny. A p\u0159esto nen\u00ed v\u0161e r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023 jsem psal o tom, jak se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee se polsko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 vztahy zhor\u0161uj\u00ed do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee Var\u0161ava v t\u00e9 dob\u011b\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159estala pos\u00edlat zbran\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Polsk\u00fd prezident Andrzej Duda pot\u00e9 popsal sv\u00e9ho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho spojence jako \u201etop\u00edc\u00edho se \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se dr\u017e\u00ed \u010dehokoli, co je k dispozici\u201c, a zcela dramaticky dodal, \u017ee \u201etonouc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk je extr\u00e9mn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u00e1s st\u00e1hnout do hlubin\u2026 prost\u011b utop\u00ed zachr\u00e1nce\u201c. Kontextem byla polsko-ukrajinsk\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed bitva o z\u00e1kazy zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. V Polsku podpora ukrajinsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f tak\u00e9 trvale kles\u00e1 \u2013 toto t\u00e9ma tak\u00e9 podporuje xenofobn\u00ed pocity. Navzdory skv\u011bl\u00fdm pl\u00e1n\u016fm Var\u0161avy a Kyjeva \u201espojit se\u201c je v obou zem\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00ed politick\u00e9 klima, kter\u00e9 nepom\u00e1h\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a Ukrajiny se st\u00e1le znovu dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 diskuse v Polsku. To zes\u00edlilo b\u011bhem let polsk\u00e9 nacionalistick\u00e9 strany Pr\u00e1vo a spravedlnost (PiS), kter\u00e1 byla u moci v letech 2015 a\u017e 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kyjev a Var\u0161ava politizuj\u00ed d\u011bjiny 20. stolet\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u011b. O probl\u00e9mu jsem psal\u00a0<\/span>jinde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, Ukrajina po Majdanu ofici\u00e1ln\u011b oslavuje organizace a osobnosti, jako je Ukrajinsk\u00e1 povstaleck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da a Stepan Bandera, jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdiny v boji proti komunismu. Jedin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee to byli nacisti\u010dt\u00ed kolaboranti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1chali v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny i proti Pol\u00e1k\u016fm – ty jsou \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za genocidu i v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi ukrajinsk\u00fdmi historiky, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Jaroslav Hrytsak.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eitost politiky pam\u011bti by se nikdy nem\u011bla podce\u0148ovat. V jin\u00e9m, ale trochu podobn\u00e9m kontextu byla ot\u00e1zka historie skute\u010dn\u011b jedn\u00edm z faktor\u016f nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyvrcholilo\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e1lkou na Donbasu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v roce 2014. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st probl\u00e9m\u016f s Majdanem byla pr\u00e1v\u011b o tom. B\u011bhem m\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu v ji\u017en\u00edm Rusku a z\u00f3n\u011b rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hrani\u010dn\u00edho konfliktu (v roce 2019) jsem narazil na toto t\u00e9ma – znovu a znovu. Jeden z m\u00fdch partner\u016f by nap\u0159\u00edklad pokra\u010doval: \u201eMaidan p\u0159inesl tuto novou ideologii na Ukrajinu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A na\u0161i lid\u00e9 byli zcela proti t\u00e9to ideologii \u2013 my ji nep\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me. Proto se konalo velk\u00e9 referendum \u2013 z\u00fa\u010dastnila se Lugansk\u00e1 i Don\u011bck\u00e1 oblast a\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0obyvatel \u0159eklo nov\u00e9 ideologii ne, proto\u017ee si v\u00e1\u017e\u00edme na\u0161ich otc\u016f a p\u0159edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali ve Velk\u00e9 vlasteneck\u00e9 v\u00e1lce proti nacismu, a ct\u00edme na\u0161e p\u0159edky – a nikdy by je nezradili.“ Podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdroky byly b\u011b\u017en\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tvrd\u00fdm faktem je, \u017ee postmajdansk\u00e1 Ukrajina se st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00e1v\u00e1 jak\u00fdmsi etnokratick\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, tedy \u201ekrajn\u011b pravicov\u00fdm re\u017eimem\u201c, jak by jej z\u00e1padn\u00ed inteligence norm\u00e1ln\u011b popsala \u2013 a \u010dasto\u00a0<\/span>tak \u010dinila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm do roku 2022. A ano ,\u00a0roli v n\u011bm hraj\u00ed i\u00a0<\/span>neonacistick\u00e9 prvky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. To je nepopirateln\u00fd fakt, i kdy\u017e se to lze pokusit minimalizovat nebo\u00a0<\/span>zab\u00edlit<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v z\u00e1jmu politick\u00e9 propagandy nebo ze sentiment\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nicolai N. Petro, profesor politologie na Rhode Islandsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b,\u00a0<\/span>p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00ed pro Foreign Policy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, popisuje dne\u0161n\u00ed Ukrajinu jako zemi, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u201e\u00a0<\/span>probl\u00e9m s ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c a jako zemi s politikou, kter\u00e1 \u201e\u00fa\u010dinn\u011b odsouv\u00e1 rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed obyvatele na trval\u00e9 druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto. t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed status\u201c do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee mnoho Ukrajinc\u016f \u201ep\u0159es cel\u00e9 politick\u00e9 spektrum\u201c, v\u010detn\u011b \u201eb\u00fdval\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f\u201c a \u201eintelektu\u00e1l\u016f\u201c, se ob\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee takov\u00e1 politika po dosa\u017een\u00ed m\u00edru \u201eodciz\u00ed, kriminalizuje nebo deportuje v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st zem\u011b. populace.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm sousedn\u00ed Polsko tak\u00e9 za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed druh\u00a0<\/span>nacionalistick\u00e9ho obrozen\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Je to tedy \u00farodn\u00e1 p\u016fda pro historick\u00e9 k\u0159ivdy a polsko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 mezietnick\u00e9 t\u0159enice \u2013 a nakonec by to mohlo b\u00fdt o\u0161kliv\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abych to shrnul, Polsko se v\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed z\u016fstane strategick\u00fdm partnerem Ukrajiny na pom\u011brn\u011b dlouhou dobu – ale v\u017edy se na obzoru r\u00fdsuje faktor nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnosti (t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se nacionalistick\u00e9 ideologie a politiky pam\u011bti) do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee takov\u00fd vztah by nikdy nem\u011bl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za samoz\u0159ejmost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

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Polsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Rados\u0142aw Sikorski navrhl\u00a0d\u00e1t Krymu pod mand\u00e1t OSN\u00a0. Velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti samotn\u00e9ho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho establishmentu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":62997,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,31,26,814],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62996"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62996"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62996\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}