{"id":62886,"date":"2024-09-26T00:36:27","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T22:36:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=62886"},"modified":"2024-09-25T14:24:31","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T12:24:31","slug":"usa-uvaluji-dalsi-represivni-cla-proti-cine-a-posouvaji-hospodarskou-valku-na-dalsi-uroven","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/09\/26\/usa-uvaluji-dalsi-represivni-cla-proti-cine-a-posouvaji-hospodarskou-valku-na-dalsi-uroven\/","title":{"rendered":"USA uvaluj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed represivn\u00ed cla proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b a posouvaj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou v\u00e1lku na dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kv\u016fli ochran\u011b dom\u00e1c\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu se americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da rozhodla v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it cla na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd dovoz. Od 27. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed USA uvalit drastick\u00e1 cla na dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed z \u010c\u00edny.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad na elektromobily budou platit 100% cla, jak se agentura Reuters dozv\u011bd\u011bla z kancel\u00e1\u0159e americk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b Katherine Tai. Opat\u0159en\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 tak\u00e9 mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f. 50 % by m\u011blo poch\u00e1zet ze sol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, 25 % ka\u017ed\u00fd z hlin\u00edku, oceli, bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd obchodn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce Tai ve Washingtonu \u0159ekl, \u017ee c\u00edlem zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cel bylo \u201e\u010delit \u0161kodliv\u00fdm politik\u00e1m a praktik\u00e1m \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e9 nad\u00e1le ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed americk\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky a podniky\u201c.<\/p>\n

Podle hlavn\u00edho ekonomick\u00e9ho poradce B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu Laela Brainarda jsou opat\u0159en\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ena na odd\u011blen\u00ed americk\u00e9ho automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu od dominantn\u00edho dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Takov\u00e1 cla jsou nezbytn\u00e1 v boji proti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 politice st\u00e1tn\u00edch subvenc\u00ed a transferu technologi\u00ed. To vedlo k velk\u00fdm nadm\u011brn\u00fdm investic\u00edm a nadm\u011brn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacit\u011b v n\u011bkter\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch ekonomiky.<\/p>\n

\u201eStoprocentn\u00ed clo na elektrick\u00e1 vozidla odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou nespravedlivou cenovou v\u00fdhodu, kterou zejm\u00e9na \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed automobilov\u00fdch trh\u016f v jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta dechberouc\u00edm tempem,\u201c \u0159ekl Brainard. To americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da nedovol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mus\u00edte v\u0161ak v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ve Washingtonu zmobilizovala stovky miliard dolar\u016f da\u0148ov\u00fdch dotac\u00ed na pos\u00edlen\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroby elektromobil\u016f a sol\u00e1rn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. \u010c\u00edna kritizovala zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cel a signalizovala odvetu. \u00dasp\u011bch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu elektromobil\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na inovac\u00edch, nikoli na vl\u00e1dn\u00ed podpo\u0159e.<\/p>\n

EU tak\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervence ozn\u00e1mila dal\u0161\u00ed cla v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak budou ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159edstavena a\u017e pozd\u011bji. Podle sd\u011blen\u00ed Komise ze srpna by dodate\u010dn\u00e9 tarify mohly vstoupit v platnost nejpozd\u011bji do konce \u0159\u00edjna a platit po dobu 5 let.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise tak\u00e9 obvi\u0148uje \u010c\u00ednu z nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch dotac\u00ed pro jej\u00ed v\u00fdrobce elektromobil\u016f a ob\u00e1v\u00e1 se po\u0161kozen\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. U\u017e se mluv\u00ed o ru\u0161en\u00ed firem nebo propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle odhad\u016f EU vzrostl tr\u017en\u00ed pod\u00edl \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch zna\u010dek v Evrop\u011b v roce 2019 z m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e jednoho procenta na osm procent a p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok by mohl dos\u00e1hnout 15 procent. Ceny voz\u016f jsou obecn\u011b o 20 procent ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e modely vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 v EU.<\/p>\n

Tato cla p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy viceprezidentka Kamala Harrisov\u00e1 i b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Donald Trump soupe\u0159\u00ed o voli\u010de ve st\u00e1tech vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch automobily a ocel. Oba kandid\u00e1ti se p\u0159ed listopadov\u00fdmi prezidentsk\u00fdmi volbami sna\u017e\u00ed postavit se do pozice tvrd\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Donald Trump ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee uval\u00ed 60% cla na ve\u0161ker\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd dovoz. Toto t\u00e9ma je znovu a znovu prob\u00edr\u00e1no v m\u00e9di\u00edch. Ale co se stane d\u00e1l v t\u00e9to ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce?<\/p>\n

Na tato opat\u0159en\u00ed mus\u00edme v\u017edy pohl\u00ed\u017eet v celkov\u00e9m kontextu ekonomick\u00e9ho rozvoje v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady loni skute\u010dn\u011b ozn\u00e1mily ekonomick\u00e9 reformy. To m\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 stimulovat dom\u00e1c\u00ed popt\u00e1vku v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. To by tak\u00e9 m\u011blo usnadnit zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed komora v\u0161ak vid\u00ed jen mal\u00fd pokrok. M\u00edsto toho se \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zam\u011b\u0159ila na v\u00fdvoz zbo\u017e\u00ed a podporu v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacity.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e1 kapacita v\u0161ak nevedla pouze k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed konkurenci a poklesu cen na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m trhu. Konkurenceschopnost pr\u016fmyslu v Evrop\u011b se tak\u00e9 dostala pod tlak. Pokud se vyrob\u00ed v\u00edce zbo\u017e\u00ed, ale popt\u00e1vka v \u010c\u00edn\u011b neporoste, probl\u00e9my s nadm\u011brnou kapacitou se budou nad\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovat. Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 kapacita tak\u00e9 hroz\u00ed prohlouben\u00edm obchodn\u00edch konflikt\u016f s jin\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi.<\/p>\n

Pokud tyto produkty nelze prod\u00e1vat v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, mus\u00ed j\u00edt do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. \u010c\u00edna ale z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zem\u00ed pro investory. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti rovn\u011b\u017e pokra\u010duj\u00ed v investic\u00edch na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m trhu. Aby v\u0161ak z\u016fstaly konkurenceschopn\u00e9, st\u00e1le v\u00edce spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na inovace z \u010c\u00edny a investuj\u00ed do v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n

A i po \u010c\u00ednsko-africk\u00e9m f\u00f3ru chce Peking v Africe investovat miliardy. \u010c\u00edna chce st\u00e1t\u016fm na africk\u00e9m kontinentu poskytnout dal\u0161\u00ed miliardovou pomoc. V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch t\u0159ech letech chce lidov\u00e1 republika vydat dal\u0161\u00edch 360 miliard j\u00fcan\u016f (kolem 45 miliard eur) jako p\u016fj\u010dky.<\/p>\n

210 miliard j\u00fcan\u016f prote\u010de prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u00fav\u011br\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch 80 miliard prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00e9 pomoci. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 70 miliard m\u00e1 investovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Xi sl\u00edbil p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 hlav\u00e1m st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d v Africe partnerstv\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 v oblastech arm\u00e1dy, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdcviku, obchodu, rozvoje zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a obnoviteln\u00e9 energie.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna tak\u00e9 p\u0159isl\u00edbila dal\u0161\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho trhu Africe a p\u0159isl\u00edbila bezceln\u00ed obchod. Vid\u00edme tedy, \u017ee ekonomick\u00e1 v\u00e1lka mezi USA a \u010c\u00ednou s\u00edl\u00ed. Evropsk\u00e1 unie se tak\u00e9 ob\u00e1v\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho vzestupu \u010c\u00edny. Asijsk\u00fd gigant ale pokra\u010duje v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm kurzu.<\/p>\n

Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska \u010d\u00ednsko-africk\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed jist\u011b p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed obchodn\u00ed vztahy s USA a Evropou. V\u0161echen tento v\u00fdvoj je t\u0159eba v\u017edy vn\u00edmat v kontextu sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd se velmi rychle m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Patrick Poppel<\/strong>, odborn\u00edk z Centra geostrategick\u00fdch studi\u00ed (B\u011blehrad)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kv\u016fli ochran\u011b dom\u00e1c\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu se americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da rozhodla v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it cla na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd dovoz. Od…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,1026,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62886"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62886\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}