{"id":62812,"date":"2024-09-25T00:41:21","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T22:41:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=62812"},"modified":"2024-09-24T14:13:29","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T12:13:29","slug":"skodlive-patogeny-ktere-dosahuji-vysky-az-tri-kilometru-do-atmosfery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/09\/25\/skodlive-patogeny-ktere-dosahuji-vysky-az-tri-kilometru-do-atmosfery\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160kodliv\u00e9 patogeny, kter\u00e9 dosahuj\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed kilometr\u016f do atmosf\u00e9ry"},"content":{"rendered":"
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R\u016fzn\u00e9 houby a bakterie, v\u010detn\u011b E. coli a dal\u0161\u00edch potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch patogen\u016f, byly nalezeny vysoko v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, kde mohou cestovat stovky a\u017e tis\u00edce mil, ne\u017e spadnou zp\u011bt na Zemi, uv\u00e1d\u00ed studie v Proceedings of the National Academy. v\u011bd.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 houby a bakterie, v\u010detn\u011b E. coli a dal\u0161\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch patogen\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, byly nalezeny vysoko v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, kde mohou cestovat stovky a\u017e tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f, ne\u017e spadnou zp\u011bt na Zemi, ukazuje nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzorky vzduchu odebran\u00e9 pobl\u00ed\u017e Tokia v Japonsku ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 1 a\u017e 3 kilometr\u016f obsahovaly druhy bakteri\u00ed, o kter\u00fdch je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako je otrava j\u00eddlem a ko\u017en\u00ed infekce, uvedli v\u011bdci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie\u00a0, publikovan\u00e1 tento t\u00fdden v\u00a0Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina objeven\u00fdch mikrob\u016f byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mrtv\u00e1,\u00a0<\/a><\/span>ale<\/span><\/a>\u00a0testy potvrdily, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e deset druh\u016f mikrob\u016f bylo shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bno vysoko na obloze, bylo na\u017eivu. Jednalo se o zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b odoln\u00e9 kmeny, v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bkolika, kter\u00e9 se uk\u00e1zaly jako odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di antibiotik\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedna z nich, v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd druh bakteri\u00ed, o kter\u00fdch nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee by norm\u00e1ln\u011b infikovaly lidi, byl\u00a0odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di p\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>antibiotik\u016fm .<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Tento objev p\u0159edstavuje \u201ezm\u011bnu paradigmatu,\u201c \u0159ekl\u00a0<\/span>Xavier Rod\u00f3<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, hlavn\u00ed autor studie a vedouc\u00ed programu pro zdrav\u00ed a klima v Barcelonsk\u00e9m institutu pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zdrav\u00ed. \u201eZ hlediska ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed to otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e k tomu, abychom se skute\u010dn\u011b d\u00edvali na vzduch a atmosf\u00e9ru jako na prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu mus\u00edme v\u011bnovat pozornost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina materi\u00e1lu nalezen\u00e9ho nad Tokiem poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 oblasti na severov\u00fdchod\u011b \u010c\u00edny, kde se p\u011bstuj\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9 plodiny a dobytek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i studie p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 z bakteri\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di antibiotik\u016fm,\u00a0poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0<\/span>odpadn\u00edch vod\u00a0<\/span><\/a>pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch\u00a0<\/a><\/span>k hnojen\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u016fdy\u00a0i p\u016fdy samotn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160irok\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m chovu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at by mohlo zan\u00e9st bakterie odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di antibiotik\u016fm do atmosf\u00e9ry, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00e1st p\u016fdy a\u00a0<\/span>hnoje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se m\u016f\u017ee rozpr\u00e1\u0161it a odfouknout v\u011btrem, \u0159ekl\u00a0<\/span>David Smith<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, mikrobiolog NASA, kter\u00fd se na studii nepod\u00edlel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b mikrob\u016f v\u011bdci tak\u00e9 na\u0161li v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mnoha prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed v p\u016fd\u011b, jako je s\u00edra a sod\u00edk, stejn\u011b jako hlin\u00edk, drasl\u00edk, \u017eelezo a v\u00e1pn\u00edk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Objevili tak\u00e9 nano\u010d\u00e1stice s\u00edranu zine\u010dnat\u00e9ho, o kter\u00fdch m\u011bli podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hnojiv, stejn\u011b jako stopy zirkonia a hafnia, kov\u016f t\u011b\u017een\u00fdch v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, ale ne v Japonsku.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci pouk\u00e1zali na to, \u017ee zat\u00edm neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017ee jsou tyto mikroorganismy naka\u017eliv\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch mikrob\u016f je zabita r\u016fzn\u00fdmi stresory, jako jsou UV paprsky a slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo, a to, \u017ee lze detekovat jejich DNA, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou \u017eivotaschopn\u00ed, \u0159ekl Smith.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za zm\u00ednku tak\u00e9 stoj\u00ed, \u017ee mnoho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch patogen\u016f je pro zdrav\u00e9 lidi obecn\u011b ne\u0161kodn\u00fdch a mnoho z nich je\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno v\u00a0<\/span>lidsk\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a ko\u017en\u00ed fl\u00f3\u0159e. U imunokompromitovan\u00fdch lid\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt situace jin\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

„M\u00edra p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro jak\u00e9koli epidemiologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed ve vzd\u00e1len\u00e9, z\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e9 oblasti,“ dodal. Cokoli fouk\u00e1 vysoko ve vzduchu, to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1 ji\u017e dlouhou dobu, tak\u017ee \u201enen\u00ed t\u0159eba se kr\u00fdt\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teoreticky je k infekci zapot\u0159eb\u00ed pouze jedna nebo n\u011bkolik \u017eiv\u00fdch bun\u011bk, tvrd\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>David Schmale<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd studuje mikroby ve vzduchu na Virginia Tech University.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 druhy zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ve vzduchu pat\u0159il\u00a0<\/span>C. diff<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, o kter\u00e9m je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee zp\u016fsobuje z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed infekce, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v nemocnic\u00edch, a\u00a0<\/span>C. botulinum<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit potenci\u00e1ln\u011b smrteln\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zvan\u00e9 botulismus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jim Tiedje, emeritn\u00ed profesor na Michigansk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b, kter\u00fd studoval mikroby ve vzduchu, tak\u00e9 pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee i v r\u00e1mci dan\u00e9ho druhu, jako je E. coli, existuje mnoho kmen\u016f se \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lou vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je \u010din\u00ed vysoce patogenn\u00edmi nebo prakticky ne\u0161kodn\u00fdmi, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje dal\u0161\u00ed studie k pochopen\u00ed d\u016fsledk\u016f t\u011bchto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e byly \u010d\u00e1stice shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny nad Japonskem, siln\u00fd v\u00edtr a vysokotlak\u00fd syst\u00e9m vynesly materi\u00e1ly ze severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010c\u00edny vysoko do vzduchu a pro\u0161ly takzvanou\u00a0<\/span>planet\u00e1rn\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00ed vrstvou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0atmosf\u00e9ry , co\u017e umo\u017enilo p\u0159epravu na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f v\u011bdc\u016f byly vzorky odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny, kdy\u017e se pohybovaly dol\u016f k zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato d\u00e1lkov\u00e1 doprava je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 nejen v tomto regionu sv\u011bta, ale v\u0161ude, v\u010detn\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Schmale byl p\u0159ekvapen, \u017ee ve vzorc\u00edch vzduchu bylo nalezeno tolik potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch patogen\u016f pro lidi. \u0158ekl, \u017ee vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 mikroby a \u010d\u00e1stice mohou b\u00fdt transportov\u00e1ny do USA prachov\u00fdmi mra\u010dny z Asie a Afriky, stejn\u011b jako pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi a tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdmi tryskov\u00fdmi proudy, hurik\u00e1ny a dal\u0161\u00edmi pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmi jevy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2004 hurik\u00e1n Ivan t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b p\u0159inesl v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd houbov\u00fd patogen zvan\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>sojov\u00e1 rez<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky do Alabamy a dal\u0161\u00edch jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, kde p\u0159etrv\u00e1val a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il se.<\/span><\/p>\n

Smith \u0159ekl, \u017ee tyto typy studi\u00ed by m\u011bly \u201euk\u00e1zat odolnost mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota a p\u0159ipomenout n\u00e1m, jak dynamick\u00fd a slo\u017eit\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt syst\u00e9m Zem\u011b, od povrchu a\u017e po extr\u00e9mn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

„V\u00edtr n\u00e1s v\u0161echny spojuje,“ dodal. \u201eTo, co d\u011bl\u00e1me lok\u00e1ln\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ovlivnit na\u0161e vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 sousedy po v\u011btru.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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R\u016fzn\u00e9 houby a bakterie, v\u010detn\u011b E. coli a dal\u0161\u00edch potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch patogen\u016f, byly nalezeny vysoko…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":62813,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[7970,1875,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62812"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62812"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62812\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}