{"id":62260,"date":"2024-09-16T06:09:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T04:09:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=62260"},"modified":"2024-09-16T06:09:50","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T04:09:50","slug":"richard-gilik-proc-lidem-v-cesku-nevadi-seda-ekonomika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/09\/16\/richard-gilik-proc-lidem-v-cesku-nevadi-seda-ekonomika\/","title":{"rendered":"Richard Gil\u00edk: Pro\u010d lidem v \u010cesku nevad\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e1 ekonomika"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Objem financ\u00ed, kter\u00fd se \u201eztr\u00e1c\u00ed\u201c v\u00a0\u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomice je obrovsk\u00fd \u2013 loni \u00a0\u00a0u n\u00e1s p\u0159ekro\u010dil 1 bilion korun. Av\u0161ak pro \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd pad\u00e1 na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dno, se \u0161ed\u00e1 sf\u00e9ra m\u016f\u017ee\u00a0 st\u00e1t posledn\u00ed z\u00e1chranou. A v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech\u00a0 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 i pro spole\u010dnost.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ur\u010dit\u011b jste ji\u017e sly\u0161eli podobn\u00e9 argumenty: Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1te-li se placen\u00ed dan\u00ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1te pro sebe v\u00fdhody na \u00fakor druh\u00fdch. Takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je nepoctiv\u00e9, sobeck\u00e9 a sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni mor\u00e1lky ve spole\u010dnosti. Poctiv\u00ed \u017eivnostn\u00edci a \u0159emesln\u00edci pak nemohou konkurovat t\u011bm nepoctiv\u00fdm a krachuj\u00ed. Tato slova jsou nam\u00ed\u0159ena v\u016f\u010di t\u011bm, kdo se n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem\u00a0 pod\u00edlej\u00ed na \u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomice. Maj\u00ed pravdu? Ne tak \u00fapln\u011b. Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 r\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161ed\u00e1 je teorie a zelen\u00fd strom \u017eivota, toti\u017e plat\u00ed i pro \u0161edou ekonomiku.\u00a0 To, co je teoreticky\u00a0 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 a \u0161ed\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v praxi \u010dasto u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 a \u201ezelen\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n

14 procent a jeden bilion korun v odst\u00ednech \u0161ed\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Existuje alespo\u0148 pades\u00e1t, ne-li v\u00edce\u00a0 \u201eodst\u00edn\u016f \u0161edi\u201c, tedy ekonomick\u00fdch vztah\u016f,\u00a0 kter\u00e9 poru\u0161uj\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo obchodn\u00ed normy. Tyto \u010dinnosti b\u00fdvaj\u00ed t\u011b\u017eko posti\u017eiteln\u00e9 a \u010dasto se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 na hranici z\u00e1kona. Budeme zde hovo\u0159it p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00fanic\u00edch a pr\u00e1ci na \u010derno.<\/p>\n

Loni prob\u011bhla m\u00e9dii\u00a0zpr\u00e1va<\/a>\u00a0o studii\u00a0Informal Economy in Czech Republic 2023<\/i>, kterou si nechala vypracovat karetn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00a0Visa.\u00a0Studie\u00a0 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee \u0161ed\u00e1 ekonomika ub\u00edr\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e9mu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 14 procent jeho v\u00fdkonu\u00a0 a p\u0159ekro\u010dila 1 bilion korun V\u00a0pod\u00edlu \u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomiky se ale \u010cesko umis\u0165uje\u00a0pod evropsk\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem, kter\u00fd \u010din\u00ed 17%. Ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed by \u010cR dopadla je\u0161t\u011b mnohem l\u00e9pe. \u0160ed\u00e1 ekonomika v \u010cesku kvete hlavn\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fmyslu, stavebnictv\u00ed, obchodu a pohostinstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d u n\u00e1s lidi toleruj\u00ed \u0161edou ekonomiku<\/h2>\n

D\u016fvody, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 \u0161edou ekonomiku v\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e toleruj\u00ed, maj\u00ed \u010dasto racion\u00e1ln\u00ed j\u00e1dro. Hlavn\u00ed argumenty by se daly shrnout takto:<\/p>\n

– \u0160ed\u00e1 ekonomika u n\u00e1s roste spolu s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak st\u00e1t vyb\u00edr\u00e1\u00a0st\u00e1le v\u00edc na dan\u00edch, aby to posl\u00e9ze p\u0159erozd\u011blil a \u201eprojedlo\u201c se to. Ti, co mus\u00ed takto platit, \u010dasto nesmysln\u011b, se tomu pochopiteln\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed vyhnout. M\u00edra zdan\u011bn\u00ed je neadekv\u00e1tn\u011b vysok\u00e1. Jednou vyd\u011blan\u00e9 pen\u00edze se dan\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdplat\u011b, pot\u00e9 p\u0159i n\u00e1kupu zbo\u017e\u00ed, d\u00e1le\u00a0 zde m\u00e1me spot\u0159ebn\u00ed da\u0148 a dal\u0161\u00ed poplatky.<\/p>\n

– Ob\u010dan m\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd pocit, \u017ee za sv\u00e9\u00a0 platby z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 od st\u00e1tu jen\u00a0nekvalitn\u00ed slu\u017eby. A demografick\u00e1 progn\u00f3za vypad\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b neut\u011b\u0161en\u011bji.\u00a0 Na st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se dost mo\u017en\u00e1 nedo\u010dk\u00e1 d\u016fchodu nebo jen minim\u00e1ln\u00edho. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de bude st\u00e1le nedostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159id\u00e1m svou drobnou zku\u0161enost.\u00a0Po n\u00e1vratu z del\u0161\u00edho pobytu v zahrani\u010d\u00ed jsem dlouho nemohl nal\u00e9zt obvodn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e ani\u00a0 zuba\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed by m\u011b p\u0159ijali do sv\u00e9 evidence. L\u00e9ka\u0159e jsem nakonec sehnal v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm krajsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b po zn\u00e1mosti, zubn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di na p\u0159edra\u017een\u00e9 soukrom\u00e9 klinice. Ji\u017e dnes stomatologov\u00e9 p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na soukrom\u00e9 platby.\u00a0 Zn\u00e1m ale lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ze zubn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de zcela vylou\u010deni nebo si jezd\u00ed spravit zuby do Polska.<\/p>\n

Tristn\u00ed je i vymahatelnost pr\u00e1va, kterou mi st\u00e1t nen\u00ed schopen zajistit. A tak by se dalo pokra\u010dovat.<\/p>\n

A kone\u010dn\u011b, i kdy\u017e by st\u00e1t vybral na dan\u00edch\u00a0 sebev\u00edc, v\u0161e tak n\u011bjak\u00a0 skon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0bezedn\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e st\u00e1tn\u00edho\u00a0 rozpo\u010dtu,\u00a0 \u00a0p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh st\u00e1le bude r\u016fst.<\/p>\n

– P\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz z dan\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako\u00a0nespravedliv\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mlad\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed \u0161anci z\u00edskat vlastn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt ochotn\u00ed ze sv\u00fdch dan\u00ed dotovat p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitosti d\u016fchodc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9 bydlen\u00ed maj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Velk\u00e9\u00a0pen\u00edze se ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed jinde: v korupci, v \u201ekreativn\u00edm\u201c \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed velk\u00fdch korporac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed placen\u00ed dan\u00ed, \u00a0p\u0159esuny firem do da\u0148ov\u00fdch r\u00e1j\u016f apod. Jak\u00fd smysl pak m\u00e1 pozastavovat se nad t\u00edm, \u017ee si n\u011bco odklon\u00ed i drobn\u00fd \u017eivnostn\u00edk, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0daleko hor\u0161\u00ed existen\u010dn\u00ed situaci? Trochu mi to p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u00a0argument, s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e jsem se opakovan\u011b setkal u voli\u010d\u016f A. Babi\u0161e: \u201eMy v\u00edme, \u017ee krade, ale na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch zlod\u011bj\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mysl\u00ed jen na sebe, on \u00a0z\u00a0toho nakraden\u00e9ho aspo\u0148 n\u011bco d\u00e1v\u00e1 oby\u010dejn\u00fdm lidem.\u201c<\/p>\n

– \u0160ed\u00e1 ekonomika \u010dasto\u00a0zachra\u0148uje situaci. Drobn\u00ed \u017eivnostn\u00edci obvykle nestoj\u00ed p\u0159ed volbou, jestli se rozhodnout pro \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd odvod dan\u00ed, nebo budou podnikat v\u00a0\u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b. Nam\u00edsto toho jsou nuceni volit mezi t\u00edm, \u017ee nebudou \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odv\u00e1d\u011bt dan\u011b, nebo zkrachuj\u00ed. Fakt, \u017ee \u00a0velk\u00e9 procento pohostinstv\u00ed jede v\u00a0\u0161ed\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e, je ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 obchody by se bez \u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomiky v\u016fbec\u00a0neuskute\u010dnily. A zisky z\u00a0nich d\u00e1le prot\u00e9kaj\u00ed ekonomikou. K\u00a0\u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomice pat\u0159\u00ed i to, kdy\u017e si od sousedky na vesnici koup\u00edte vejce nebo v\u00e1m Venca odvedle pose\u010de tr\u00e1vu a vy mu za to d\u00e1te na pivo. Spousta drobn\u00fdch prac\u00ed jako hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, dou\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di don\u00e1\u0161ka n\u00e1kupu by nebyla vykon\u00e1na u\u017e jen proto, \u017ee by \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm nest\u00e1la za to pap\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak \u0161ed\u00e1 ekonomika\u00a0 p\u0159edstavuje jedin\u00fd\u00a0zp\u016fsob jak p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt\u00a0pro\u00a0 statis\u00edce t\u011bch, kdo byli posti\u017eeni exekuc\u00ed. Anebo pro ty, kter\u00fdm exekutor\u00a0teprve d\u00fdch\u00e1 \u00a0na z\u00e1da.<\/p>\n

Z\u00f3na posledn\u00ed z\u00e1chrany<\/h2>\n

Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0situaci, kdy p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00a0\u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b opravdu p\u0159edstavuje\u00a0objektivn\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed volbu, a to nejen pro n\u011b samotn\u00e9, ale \u00a0i z\u00a0hlediska p\u0159\u00ednosu pro spole\u010dnost. Prosp\u011bju st\u00e1tu v\u00edce t\u00edm, \u017ee budu pob\u00edrat d\u00e1vky\u00a0na \u00daP, nebo kdy\u017e p\u0159ijmu pro sebe jedinou dostupnou pr\u00e1ci a p\u016fjdu to\u010dit pivo do m\u00edstn\u00ed hospody, kde budu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st mzdy dost\u00e1vat na ruku? Nebo jestli\u017ee jsem se dostal do exekuce a v\u00edm-li, \u017ee z\u00a0nezabaven\u00e9ho mzdov\u00e9ho minima nevy\u017eiju, kde jinde si mohu p\u0159ivyd\u011blat, ani\u017e bych kradl, ne\u017e \u017ee p\u016fjdu d\u011blat na \u010derno?<\/p>\n

Jinak samoz\u0159ejm\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek by ka\u017ed\u00fd\u00a0 m\u011bl jednat poctiv\u011b a v\u0161echny dan\u011b \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b platit. Probl\u00e9m \u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomiky spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee ekonomick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, v\u00a0nich\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk \u017eije, a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto nejsou standardn\u00ed, a tak na n\u011b reaguje t\u0159eba pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee vstoup\u00ed do \u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3ny. Tuto souvislost dosv\u011bd\u010duje \u00a0i fakt, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm je st\u00e1t vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed a l\u00e9pe funguje, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b se v\u00a0n\u011bm \u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomice da\u0159\u00ed. \u0160ed\u00e1 ekonomika\u00a0kompenzuje nedostatky \u201eb\u00edl\u00e9\u201c ekonomiky,\u00a0ale za\u010dne-li ta \u201eb\u00edl\u00e1\u201c \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b fungovat, pak u\u017e nen\u00ed t\u00e9 \u0161ed\u00e9 zapot\u0159eb\u00ed. Tak\u017ee skute\u010dnost,\u00a0 \u017ee je u n\u00e1s pom\u011br \u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomiky ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty docela n\u00edzk\u00fd, je vlastn\u011b dobrou zpr\u00e1vou o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161eho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Richard Gil\u00edk<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objem financ\u00ed, kter\u00fd se \u201eztr\u00e1c\u00ed\u201c v\u00a0\u0161ed\u00e9 ekonomice je obrovsk\u00fd \u2013 loni \u00a0\u00a0u n\u00e1s p\u0159ekro\u010dil 1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":46323,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,76,59,1203],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62260"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62260"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62260\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}