{"id":61665,"date":"2024-09-08T00:32:10","date_gmt":"2024-09-07T22:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=61665"},"modified":"2024-09-07T15:07:03","modified_gmt":"2024-09-07T13:07:03","slug":"valka-o-jidlo-a-valka-o-lidstvo-platformy-kontroly-a-nezlomneho-ducha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/09\/08\/valka-o-jidlo-a-valka-o-lidstvo-platformy-kontroly-a-nezlomneho-ducha\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1lka o j\u00eddlo a v\u00e1lka o lidstvo: Platformy kontroly a nezlomn\u00e9ho ducha"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Max Weber (1864-1920) byl v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd sociolog, kter\u00fd vyvinul vlivn\u00e9 teorie o racionalit\u011b a autorit\u011b. Zkoumal r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy racionality, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1kladem syst\u00e9m\u016f autority. Tvrdil, \u017ee modern\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti jsou zalo\u017eeny na pr\u00e1vn\u011b-racion\u00e1ln\u00ed autorit\u011b a odklonily se od syst\u00e9m\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na tradi\u010dn\u00ed a charismatick\u00e9 autorit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed autorita odvozuje svou moc od za\u017eit\u00fdch zvyk\u016f a oby\u010dej\u016f, zat\u00edmco charismatick\u00e1 autorita se op\u00edr\u00e1 o v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 osobn\u00ed vlastnosti nebo charisma v\u016fdce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Webera je pr\u00e1vn\u011b-racion\u00e1ln\u00ed autorita charakteristick\u00e1 pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed kapitalistickou industri\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnost zalo\u017eena na instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed racionalit\u011b, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edky k dosa\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. Tato racionalita se projevuje v byrokratick\u00e9 moci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Weber to postavil do kontrastu s jinou formou racionality: hodnotovou racionalitou, kter\u00e1 je zalo\u017eena na v\u011bdom\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed hodnotu ur\u010dit\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco Weber vid\u011bl v\u00fdhody instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed racionality ve form\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 efektivity, ob\u00e1val se, \u017ee by to mohlo v\u00e9st k t\u00edsniv\u00e9 \u201e\u017eelezn\u00e9 kleci\u201c \u0159\u00e1du zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na pravidlech a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel (instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed racionalita) jako c\u00edl s\u00e1m o sob\u011b. V\u00fdsledkem by byla \u201epol\u00e1rn\u00ed noc ledov\u00e9 temnoty\u201c lidstva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dnes jsou technologick\u00e9 zm\u011bny po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v pln\u00e9m proudu a stav\u00ed n\u00e1s p\u0159ed \u0159adu v\u00fdzev. Existuje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed technologick\u00e9 \u017eelezn\u00e9 klece v rukou elity, kter\u00e1 technologii zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke zlomysln\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lewis Coyne\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl University of Exeter<\/span><\/a>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nechceme \u2013 nebo bychom se nem\u011bli \u2013 st\u00e1t spole\u010dnost\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 jsou v\u011bci hlub\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdznamu oce\u0148ov\u00e1ny pouze pro svou instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu. V\u00fdzvou tedy je omezit instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed racionalitu a technologie, kter\u00e9 ji zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed, t\u00edm, \u017ee budeme chr\u00e1nit to, \u010deho si v\u00e1\u017e\u00edme nad r\u00e1mec pouh\u00e9ho u\u017eitku.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Dodal, \u017ee se mus\u00edme rozhodnout, jak\u00e9 technologie chceme, pro jak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a jak je lze demokraticky spravovat, podle toho, jakou chceme b\u00fdt spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou zm\u011bnou, kterou jsme v posledn\u00edch letech pozorovali, je rostouc\u00ed dominance cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a platforem. V potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m sektoru vid\u00edme \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tohoto fenom\u00e9nu v kontextu \u201edatov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho\u201c nebo \u201eprecizn\u00edho\u201c zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, reprezentovan\u00e9ho \u201ehumanit\u00e1rn\u00edmi\u201c term\u00edny jako \u201epomoc farm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm\u201c, \u201ez\u00e1chrana planety\u201c a \u201ekrmen\u00ed\u201c. sv\u011bt\u201c tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se malthusovsk\u00e9 katastrof\u011b legitimizuje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b d\u011bsiv\u00e9, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b sebechv\u00e1lyhodn\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed propagovan\u00e9 t\u011bmi, kdo vid\u00ed ekologickou destrukci, korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost, vyvlast\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, potravinovou nejistotu a zadlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f jako d\u016fsledek glob\u00e1ln\u00edho potravinov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 utv\u00e1\u0159et a t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z n\u011bj, pokro\u010dil. Nyn\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed zachr\u00e1nit lidstvo p\u0159ed sebou sam\u00fdm pomoc\u00ed vysoce ziskov\u00e9ho, ale chybn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi a ekomodernity poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 zelen\u00fdmi technologiemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u011bt podle Bayera<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V zem\u011bd\u011blsko-potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m sektoru jsme sv\u011bdky p\u0159ijet\u00ed datov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch nebo p\u0159esn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ze strany spole\u010dnost\u00ed jako Microsoft, Syngenta, Bayer a Amazon, kter\u00e9 se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na cloudov\u00e9 datov\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby. Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 daty vyhodnocuje \u00fadaje pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem a velk\u00fdmi technologick\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi k tomu, aby farm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm \u0159ekli, co a kolik maj\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bt a jak\u00fd typ vstup\u016f nakupovat a od koho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00edci dat (Microsoft, Amazon, Alphabet atd.), dodavatel\u00e9 vstup\u016f (Bayer, Corteva, Syngenta, Cargill atd.) a obchodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (Amazon, Walmart atd.) si cht\u011bj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi monopoln\u00edmi platformami zajistit dominanci v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ekonomice. .<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak ale tento model zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed vypad\u00e1 v praxi?<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platforma Bayer Climate FieldView. Shroma\u017e\u010fuje data ze satelit\u016f a senzor\u016f na pol\u00edch a traktorech a pomoc\u00ed algoritm\u016f poskytuje farm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm rady ohledn\u011b jejich zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch metod: kdy a co zasadit, kolik pesticid\u016f post\u0159ikovat, kolik hnojiv aplikovat atd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby se zem\u011bd\u011blci mohli z\u00fa\u010dastnit Bayer Carbon Program, mus\u00ed se zaregistrovat do FieldView. Bayer pak pomoc\u00ed aplikace FieldView vede zem\u011bd\u011blce k pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pouze dvou postup\u016f, o kter\u00fdch se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee zachycuj\u00ed uhl\u00edk v p\u016fd\u011b: omezen\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy nebo bez orby a p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kryc\u00edch plodin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed aplikace spole\u010dnost monitoruje tyto dva postupy a odhaduje, kolik uhl\u00edku z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i sekvestrovali.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bayer m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 program s n\u00e1zvem ForGround v USA. Upstreamov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti mohou tuto platformu vyu\u017e\u00edvat k propagaci a nab\u00edzen\u00ed slev na vybaven\u00ed, semena a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1soby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Bayer m\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem na tom, aby v\u00edce zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvalo omezen\u00e9 nebo bezorebn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy (kter\u00e9 se prod\u00e1v\u00e1 jako \u201e\u0161etrn\u00e9 ke klimatu\u201c). Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, nebo bez orby, propagovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Bayer, vy\u017eaduje, aby byla pole post\u0159\u00edk\u00e1na herbicidem RoundUp (toxick\u00fd glyfos\u00e1t) a aby se vys\u00e9vala geneticky modifikovan\u00e1 s\u00f3ja odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di Roundup nebo hybridn\u00ed kuku\u0159ice.<\/span><\/p>\n

A co kryc\u00ed plodiny, o kter\u00fdch jsme se zm\u00ednili d\u0159\u00edve? Bayer chce vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat i na kryc\u00edch plodin\u00e1ch. Spole\u010dnost z\u00edskala v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd pod\u00edl v semen\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 vyv\u00edj\u00ed geneticky modifikovanou kryc\u00ed plodinu s n\u00e1zvem CoverCress. Semena CoverCress budou prod\u00e1v\u00e1na farm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se zaregistrovali s ForGround, a rostlina bude prod\u00e1v\u00e1na jako biopalivo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Velk\u00fdm c\u00edlem Bayeru jsou v\u0161ak navazuj\u00edc\u00ed potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 mohou platformu vyu\u017e\u00edt k uplatn\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Agropodnikov\u00e9 korporace a velk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti spole\u010dn\u011b vyv\u00edjej\u00ed platformy pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku, aby ovlivnily v\u00fdb\u011br vstup\u016f a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch metod farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f (velk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jako Microsoft a IBM jsou hlavn\u00edmi kupci uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kredit\u016f).<\/span><\/p>\n

Neziskov\u00e1 organizace GRAIN uv\u00e1d\u00ed (viz\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed agenda za uhl\u00edkov\u00fdm zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm), \u017ee Bayer st\u00e1le v\u00edce kontroluje farm\u00e1\u0159e v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho \u201eCarbon Programu\u201c jim diktuje, jak p\u0159esn\u011b hospoda\u0159\u00ed a jak\u00e9 vstupy by m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/span><\/p>\n

GRAIN tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed uhl\u00edku je pouze o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich kontroly nad potravinov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, nikoli o sekvestraci uhl\u00edku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platformy jsou zam\u00fd\u0161leny jako jednotn\u00e9 kontaktn\u00ed m\u00edsto pro uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kredity, semena, pesticidy, hnojiva a agronomick\u00e9 poradenstv\u00ed, to v\u0161e poskytuje spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 kontrolu nad daty shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdmi od z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch farem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Technofeudalismus<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Yanis Varoufakis, b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0159eck\u00fd ministr financ\u00ed, je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee jsme sv\u011bdky p\u0159echodu od kapitalismu k technofeudalismu. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tech giganti jako Apple, Meta a Amazon se chovaj\u00ed jako modern\u00ed feud\u00e1lov\u00e9. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platformy (nap\u0159. spole\u010dnosti nebo zem\u011bd\u011blci) se v podstat\u011b st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201enevoln\u00edky v cloudu\u201c a mus\u00ed platit \u201en\u00e1jemn\u00e9\u201c (poplatky, data atd.) za to, \u017ee jsou na platform\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve feudalismu (p\u016fda) poh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m renta. V kapitalismu poh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m zisk. Varoufakis \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee trhy jsou nahrazov\u00e1ny algoritmick\u00fdmi \u201edigit\u00e1ln\u00edmi l\u00e9nami\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platformy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed ur\u010ditou formu kapitalistick\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, proto\u017ee spole\u010dnosti jako Amazon spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na v\u00fdrobce, kte\u0159\u00ed produkuj\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 platformy, nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd posun v dynamice moci ve prosp\u011bch t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed platformy vlastn\u00ed a ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lze polemizovat o tom, zda je tento syst\u00e9m technofeudalismem, hyperkapitalismem nebo n\u011b\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm. Ale m\u011bli bychom se shodnout alespo\u0148 na jednom: zm\u011bny, kter\u00fdch jsme sv\u011bdky, maj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd dopad na ekonomiku a populaci, kter\u00e1 je st\u00e1le v\u00edce sledov\u00e1na, proto\u017ee je nucena p\u0159esouvat sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty online.<\/span><\/p>\n

Korporace zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za probl\u00e9my p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho potravinov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pr\u00e1v\u011b nab\u00edzej\u00ed v\u00edce toho sam\u00e9ho, tentokr\u00e1t v geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch, ekomodern\u00edch, pseudozelen\u00fdch obalech (viz online \u010dl\u00e1nek From net zero to glyfosate: greenwashed corporate power grab agritech).<\/span><\/p>\n

Volen\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 to usnad\u0148uj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee stav\u00ed pot\u0159eby monopoln\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f nad osobn\u00ed svobody lid\u00ed, pr\u00e1va pracovn\u00edk\u016f a pot\u0159eby nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, podnik\u016f a trh\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indick\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ned\u00e1vno podepsala memorandum o porozum\u011bn\u00ed s Amazon, Bayer, Microsoft a Syngenta za \u00fa\u010delem zaveden\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na datech. \u201eZem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jednoho sv\u011bta\u201c pod jejich kontrolou, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch semenech, laboratorn\u00edch produktech p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch potraviny a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed bez farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f, s cel\u00fdm potravinov\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem od pole (nebo laborato\u0159e) a\u017e po maloobchod v jejich rukou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jde o sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategie zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na vytla\u010den\u00ed stovek milion\u016f lid\u00ed ze zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravinov\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti Indie na zahrani\u010dn\u00edch korporac\u00edch a odstran\u011bn\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli zd\u00e1n\u00ed potravinov\u00e9 demokracie (nebo n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenity).<\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 byl vl\u00e1d\u011b zasl\u00e1n \u201eob\u010dansk\u00fd dopis\u201c (\u010dervenec 2024). Uvedlo, \u017ee nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, co by se Indick\u00e1 rada pro zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum (ICAR) od Bayeru dozv\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee dob\u0159e placen\u00ed v\u011bdci tohoto ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu nemohou sami rozv\u00edjet. V dopise se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee spole\u010dnosti zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za ekonomickou a ekologickou krizi v indick\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 ICAR jako partnery v takzvan\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch, i kdy\u017e se tyto spole\u010dnosti staraj\u00ed pouze o jejich zisky, nikoli o udr\u017eitelnost (nebo jak to naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed). zaj\u00edm\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dopis vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Kde je demokratick\u00e1 diskuse o trz\u00edch s uhl\u00edkem? Zaji\u0161\u0165uje ICAR, aby zem\u011bd\u011blci dost\u00e1vali ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed rady a ne jednostrann\u00e9 rady, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed marketing jejich vlastn\u00edch produkt\u016f? Existuje syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ICAR vyv\u00edjet v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 a \u0161kolic\u00ed pl\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kter\u00fdm m\u00e1 slou\u017eit, m\u00edsto aby se \u0159\u00eddili rozmary a obchodn\u00edmi n\u00e1pady korporac\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i dopisu berou na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee kopie memorand o porozum\u011bn\u00ed ICAR proaktivn\u011b nezp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uje ve\u0159ejnosti. Dopis vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 ICAR, aby pozastavila podepsan\u00e1 memoranda o porozum\u011bn\u00ed, zve\u0159ejnila v\u0161echny podrobnosti a zdr\u017eela se podpisu dal\u0161\u00edch memorand o porozum\u011bn\u00ed bez nezbytn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 diskuse.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ocen\u011bn\u00ed lidskosti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzev, kter\u00fdm lidstvo \u010del\u00ed, politici ignoruj\u00ed nebo je cynicky napadaj\u00ed firemn\u00ed lobbist\u00e9. Tato \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zm\u011bny v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch, potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na \u017eivotn\u00ed styl s n\u00edzkou (energetickou) spot\u0159ebou, lokalizaci a ekologicky udr\u017eitelnou agroekologii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 aktivista John Wilson, je to zalo\u017eeno na kreativn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch, spojen\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edrodou a zem\u00ed, p\u00e9\u010di o lidi, m\u00edrov\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b a solidarit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

To je pops\u00e1no v jeho ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku From Agrarianism to Transhumanism: The Long March to Dystopia, ve kter\u00e9m tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee kooperativn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, komunita a na\u0161e dlouhodob\u00e9 duchovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed se zem\u00ed by m\u011bly tvo\u0159it z\u00e1klad toho, jak bychom jako spole\u010dnost m\u011bli \u017e\u00edt. To je v p\u0159\u00edkr\u00e9m rozporu s hodnotami a efekty kapitalismu a technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou zalo\u017eeny na instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed racionalit\u011b a jsou a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto vedeny ziskov\u00fdmi motivy a c\u00edlem kontroly populace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o \u201educhovn\u00edm spojen\u00ed\u201c, co znamen\u00e1 \u201educhovn\u00ed\u201c? V nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu na n\u011bj lze nahl\u00ed\u017eet jako na koncept, kter\u00fd se t\u00fdk\u00e1 my\u0161lenek, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a pocit\u016f o smyslu \u017eivota, a nejen fyzick\u00e9 existence. Pocit spojen\u00ed s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e my sami. Podobn\u00fd Weberovu pojet\u00ed hodnotov\u00e9 racionality. Duchovn\u00ed, rozmanit\u00e9 a m\u00edstn\u00ed jsou v kontrastu s egoismem modern\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, rostouc\u00ed homogenitou my\u0161len\u00ed a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed racionalitou, kter\u00e1 se st\u00e1v\u00e1 c\u00edlem sama o sob\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edrodou\/zem\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro rozvoj ocen\u011bn\u00ed \u201ebyt\u00ed\u201c a \u201eporozum\u011bn\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e9 vede k obyvateln\u00e9 realit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

To, co v\u0161ak vid\u00edme, je agenda zalo\u017een\u00e1 na jin\u00e9m hodnotov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 ko\u0159eny v chamtivosti po moci a pen\u011bz\u00edch a v tot\u00e1ln\u00edm podroben\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed a fale\u0161n\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslibech technologick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed (transhumanismus, vakc\u00edny v potravin\u00e1ch, v lebce implantovan\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 tkani\u010dky k detekci n\u00e1lad, programovateln\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u00edze, technologie sledov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.) a vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 vize sv\u011bta m\u00edru a bezpe\u010dnosti a vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 vize technoutopie, v n\u00ed\u017e zlovoln\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 vztahy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nedot\u010den\u00e9 a nezpochybniteln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bude to tedy nikdy nekon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed \u201epol\u00e1rn\u00ed noc ledov\u00e9 temnoty\u201c? Snad ne. Tato vize je n\u00e1m vnucena shora. Oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9 (nap\u0159\u00edklad farm\u00e1\u0159i v Indii nebo ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou utla\u010dov\u00e1ni politikou \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed) se pova\u017euj\u00ed za ob\u011bti t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho boje, kter\u00fd proti nim vede megabohat\u00e1 elita.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1941 Herbert Marcuse zjistil, \u017ee technologii lze pou\u017e\u00edt jako n\u00e1stroj kontroly a nadvl\u00e1dy. To je p\u0159esn\u011b agenda korporac\u00ed jako Bayer, Gates Foundation, BlackRock a Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed vymazat skute\u010dnou rozmanitost a vnutit jednotn\u00fd vzorec my\u0161len\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed my\u0161lenka, kterou vyj\u00e1d\u0159il aktivista za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Frederick Douglass v projevu v roce 1857:<\/span><\/p>\n

Moc neud\u011bluje nic bez po\u017eadavku. Nikdy to neud\u011blala a nikdy neud\u011bl\u00e1. Zjist\u011bte, co lid\u00e9 v tichosti p\u0159ijmou, a na\u0161li jste p\u0159esnou m\u00edru nespravedlnosti a nespravedlnosti, kter\u00e1 na n\u011b bude uvalena, a bude to pokra\u010dovat, dokud jim nebudou vzdorovat slovy nebo \u00fadery nebo oboj\u00edm. Hranice tyran\u016f jsou ur\u010deny vytrvalost\u00ed t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 utla\u010duj\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Colin Todhunter<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0je specialista na potraviny, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj a v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Centra pro v\u00fdzkum globalizace v Montrealu. Jeho dv\u011b bezplatn\u00e9 knihy Food, Dependency and Dispossession: Resisting the New World Order and Sickening Profits: The Global Food System’s Poisoned Food and Toxic Wealth si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst\u00a0<\/span>zde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Max Weber (1864-1920) byl v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd sociolog, kter\u00fd vyvinul vlivn\u00e9 teorie o racionalit\u011b a autorit\u011b….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1147,279,794,276],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61665"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61665"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61665\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}