{"id":61268,"date":"2024-09-02T00:44:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T22:44:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=61268"},"modified":"2024-09-01T16:42:08","modified_gmt":"2024-09-01T14:42:08","slug":"vietnam-se-stava-hlavnim-centrem-vyroby-cipu-a-je-pripraven-konkurovat-cine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/09\/02\/vietnam-se-stava-hlavnim-centrem-vyroby-cipu-a-je-pripraven-konkurovat-cine\/","title":{"rendered":"Vietnam se st\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm centrem v\u00fdroby \u010dip\u016f a je p\u0159ipraven konkurovat \u010c\u00edn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vietnam se ukazuje jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd nov\u00fd hr\u00e1\u010d v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, kter\u00fd t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z \u201e\u010dipov\u00fdch v\u00e1lek\u201c, kter\u00e9 zah\u00e1jily USA proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Sv\u011btov\u00ed v\u00fdrobci polovodi\u010d\u016f se hrnou do Vietnamu, aby prolomili svou z\u00e1vislost na \u010c\u00edn\u011b a vyhnuli se mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00edm plat\u016fm pro d\u011bln\u00edky.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle think-tanku ISIS Malajsie jde Vietnam d\u016fsledn\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>technologick\u00fdm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm rozvojem\u00a0ve stop\u00e1ch Malajsie, kter\u00e1 je nyn\u00ed \u0161est\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvozcem polovodi\u010d\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b s 13% pod\u00edlem na celosv\u011btov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Organizace pro pr\u016fzkum trhu odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee vietnam\u0161t\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed asi 8 000 USD ro\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e je asi polovina toho, co podobn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed v Malajsii. Stejn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla jsou 34 000 $ v Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji, 46 000 $ na Tchaj-wanu, 50 000 $ v Japonsku a 68 000 $ v Singapuru. <\/span>\u2013 uv\u00e1d\u00ed hongkongsk\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Asia Times.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z n\u011bkter\u00fdch nejasn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f publikace \u201euvolnila\u201c podobn\u00e1 data o \u010c\u00edn\u011b. I kdy\u017e podle port\u00e1lu Salary Expert jsou tam stroj\u00edrensk\u00e9 platy v pr\u016fm\u011bru kolem 40 000 dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b \u2013 tedy na celkem konkuren\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 65 000 \u2013 70 000 dolary v USA. Ve Vietnamu se v\u0161ak n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u201estartovn\u00ed z\u00e1kladna\u201c v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu ji\u017e \u201erozjela\u201c, tak\u017ee ro\u010dn\u00ed plat konstrukt\u00e9r\u016f s m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e t\u0159\u00edletou prax\u00ed se podle \u00fadaj\u016f z oboru pohybuje od 10 000 do 15 000 USD.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Asia Times spr\u00e1vn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed obecn\u00fd trend:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

I p\u0159es chybn\u00e9 \u00fadaje a volatilitu sm\u011bnn\u00fdch kurz\u016f jsou mzdy ve Vietnamu a Malajsii tak hluboko pod mzdami v \u201edob\u0159e placen\u00fdch odborov\u00fdch pozic\u00edch\u201c nab\u00edzen\u00fdch Bidenovou administrativou, \u017ee existuje jen mal\u00e1 \u0161ance, \u017ee se v dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b poda\u0159\u00ed mezeru zacelit. To vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vod spole\u010dnosti Intel na mont\u00e1\u017e, balen\u00ed a testov\u00e1n\u00ed integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f nyn\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve Vietnamu a jeho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vod na v\u00fdrobu 3D balen\u00ed se nyn\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Malajsii.<\/span><\/div>\n
\nSeznam v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f a v\u00fdrobc\u016f polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch produkt\u016f nyn\u00ed p\u0159itahovan\u00fdch Vietnamem ji\u017e doplnilo mnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed z USA, N\u011bmecka, Japonska, Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje a Tchaj-wanu. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fd v\u00fdrobce polovodi\u010d\u016f Infineon tak vytvo\u0159il t\u00fdm pro v\u00fdvoj produkt\u016f ve sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159i v Hanoji, kter\u00e1 byla otev\u0159ena v \u010dervnu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce za\u010dala spole\u010dnost Infineon vyr\u00e1b\u011bt v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 polovodi\u010de z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku ve sv\u00e9m nov\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b v Malajsii, kde m\u00e1 zku\u0161enou pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu a podp\u016frnou infrastrukturu (zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky energie a vody), kterou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b buduje tak\u00e9 Vietnam.<\/span><\/p>\n

Renesas Electronics, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed japonsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce integrovan\u00fdch polovodi\u010d\u016f, p\u016fsob\u00ed ve Vietnamu od roku 2004. Pobo\u010dka v Ho \u010ci Minov\u011b M\u011bst\u011b je v sou\u010dasnosti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm designov\u00fdm centrem spole\u010dnosti mimo Japonsko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jihokorej\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1vrh\u00e1\u0159i \u010dip\u016f BOS Semiconductors, kter\u00e1 je partnerem Hyundai, a CoAsia, kter\u00e1 je partnerem Samsungu, maj\u00ed ve Vietnamu v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 a v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 centra. Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Hana Micron Vina a Hanmi Semiconductor vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed obalov\u00e9 substr\u00e1ty, desky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro balen\u00ed polovodi\u010d\u016f ve Vietnamu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tchajwansk\u00e9 polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 design\u00e9rsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti GUC a Faraday Technology maj\u00ed designov\u00e1 centra ve Vietnamu a Alchip Technologies pl\u00e1nuje jedno z\u0159\u00eddit (GUC a Alchip jsou dce\u0159in\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti p\u0159edn\u00ed tchajwansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti TSMC).<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, \u017ee Vietnam m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti na v\u00fdvoj polovodi\u010d\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b FPT Semiconductor a VN Chip.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

S podporou univerzit, startupov\u00fdch inkub\u00e1tor\u016f, velk\u00fdch korporac\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, high-tech pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch park\u016f, da\u0148ov\u00fdch pob\u00eddek a dotac\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00edce. Vietnamsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da si stanovila za c\u00edl vy\u0161kolit do roku 2030 50 000 in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f pro pr\u016fmysl v\u00fdroby polovodi\u010d\u016f. To je podle docenta Truonga Viet Anha z Hanojsk\u00e9 univerzity asi desetkr\u00e1t v\u00edce, ne\u017e m\u00e1 zem\u011b dnes. <\/span>\u2013 hl\u00e1s\u00ed internetov\u00fd zdroj VnEconomy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Ale nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost ve vietnamsk\u00e9m polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu m\u00e1 bezesporu Amerika. Krom\u011b Intelu mezi americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed ve Vietnamu pat\u0159\u00ed Microchip, Marvell, Qualcomm, Synopsis, Cadence, Savarti, Uniquify a Amkor.\u00a0 <\/span>\u2013 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Asia Times.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ur\u010dit\u00fd \u201ejemn\u00fd hongkongsk\u00fd humor\u201c lze spat\u0159ovat v d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nuanci: americk\u00fd takzvan\u00fd z\u00e1kon CHIPS (o opat\u0159en\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00ed podpory pro \u201edom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobce\u201c) zahrnuje i ur\u010ditou finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu pro polovodi\u010dov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl \u2013 ve Vietnamu a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch v zahrani\u010d\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho fondu pro technologickou bezpe\u010dnost a inovace (ITSI) ve v\u00fd\u0161i 500 milion\u016f USD. Amkor si uv\u011bdom\u00ed v\u00fdhody tohoto z\u00e1kona n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby: investice ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 miliard dolar\u016f (z toho asi 400 milion\u016f ze st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladny) vytvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 000 pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v Arizon\u011b, kde nasad\u00ed \u201enejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obaly za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\u201d Mezit\u00edm nov\u00fd z\u00e1vod Amkoru v Bac Ninh ve Vietnamu nakonec zam\u011bstn\u00e1 asi 10 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016f, a\u017e dos\u00e1hne pln\u00e9 kapacity.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Americk\u00e1 ministryn\u011b obchodu Gina Raimondo m\u011bla jist\u011b pravdu, kdy\u017e \u0159ekla, \u017ee \u201enavrhovan\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed zlep\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost na\u0161eho dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce\u201c. Ale vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee Vietnam vytvo\u0159\u00ed mnohem v\u00edce pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst ne\u017e USA… \u201ePodle toho,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e web americk\u00e9ho ministerstva obchodu, \u201espole\u010dnosti jako TSMC, Apple a GlobalFoundries, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed technologie sv\u011bta, budou moci zabalit a testovat sv\u00e9 j\u00e1drov\u00e9 \u010dipy na dom\u00e1c\u00edm trhu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je zaji\u0161t\u011bn \u00fapln\u00fd \u201eend-to-end\u201c proces v\u00fdroby \u010dip\u016f a \u017ee \u201ebude prob\u00edhat ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech\u201c <\/span>\u2013 uv\u00e1d\u00ed Asia Times.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Vietnam se ukazuje jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd nov\u00fd hr\u00e1\u010d v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, kter\u00fd t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z \u201e\u010dipov\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":61269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[341,1130,7849],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61268"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61268"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61268\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}