{"id":61148,"date":"2024-08-31T05:56:42","date_gmt":"2024-08-31T03:56:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=61148"},"modified":"2024-08-31T05:56:42","modified_gmt":"2024-08-31T03:56:42","slug":"recykolovane-plasty-jsou-nocni-mura-z-hlediska-obsahu-skodlivych-chemikalii-jako-ftalaty-a-bpa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/08\/31\/recykolovane-plasty-jsou-nocni-mura-z-hlediska-obsahu-skodlivych-chemikalii-jako-ftalaty-a-bpa\/","title":{"rendered":"Recykolovan\u00e9 plasty jsou no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fra z hlediska obsahu \u0161kodliv\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed jako ftal\u00e1ty a BPA"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed tomu, aby plastov\u00e9 l\u00e1hve kon\u010dily na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch a ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch je chv\u00e1lyhodn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed. Plasty se dnes ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto recykluj\u00ed do nov\u00fdch obalov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vznik\u00e1 zde v\u0161ak v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m s t\u00edm, \u017ee takov\u00e9 recyklovan\u00e9 plasty obsahuj\u00ed nezn\u00e1mou sm\u011bs syntetick\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do potravin a po\u0161kozuj\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco se na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b sna\u017e\u00edme chr\u00e1nit \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ne\u00famysln\u011b si \u0161kod\u00edme, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e regula\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce usnuly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>\u00da\u0159ad pro kontrolu potravin a l\u00e9\u010div<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(FDA) \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00ed kritice pro nedostatek dohledu nad recyklovan\u00fdmi plasty, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v nov\u00fdch obalech potravin. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee chemick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se prakticky reguluj\u00ed samy, kdy\u017e do recyklovan\u00fdch plast\u016f za\u010dle\u0148uj\u00ed sm\u011bs ftal\u00e1t\u016f a BPA (bifenol A), kter\u00e1 se stala doslova no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016frou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 kombinace syntetick\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed se m\u00eds\u00ed do nov\u00fdch obalov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f na potraviny, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 balen\u00e9 potraviny jsou pln\u00e9 karcinogen\u016f a naru\u0161ova\u010d\u016f endokrinn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby toho nebylo m\u00e1lo, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed schvalovac\u00ed proces dostate\u010dn\u011b nechr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi riziky vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed toxick\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed do potravinov\u00fdch produkt\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ezkum recyklovan\u00fdch plast\u016f je dobrovoln\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje spole\u010dnostem d\u011blat si, co cht\u011bj\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

Od za\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let americk\u00e1 FDA schv\u00e1lila v\u00edce ne\u017e 340 dobrovoln\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o materi\u00e1ly p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed do styku s potravinami, kter\u00e9 byly vyrobeny z recyklovan\u00fdch plast\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po\u010det schv\u00e1len\u00ed se v posledn\u00edch letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il.<\/span><\/p>\n

Schv\u00e1len\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobky z recyklovan\u00fdch plast\u016f se od roku 2019 ztrojn\u00e1sobila, ze 7 a\u017e 8 schv\u00e1len\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ed rokem 2019 na pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 23 schv\u00e1len\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b nyn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jako\u00a0<\/span>Coca-Cola<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a General Mills zavedly recyklovan\u00e9 plasty pro sv\u00e9 produkty, v\u010detn\u011b 100% recyklovan\u00fdch PET lahv\u00ed Coca-Cola a cere\u00e1ln\u00edch krabic potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 firmy General Mills s 35% recyklovan\u00fdmi plastov\u00fdmi vlo\u017ekami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed o schv\u00e1len\u00ed, zahrnuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch petrochemick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Eastman Chemicals, DuPont a Indorama. Tito v\u00fdrobci, spolu se spole\u010dnostmi z Indie a \u010c\u00edny, maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny, zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e se v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b investuje tolik pen\u011bz do recyklace plast\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Balen\u00ed nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f do nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho recyklovan\u00e9ho plastu je kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem, proto\u017ee spole\u010dnosti cht\u011bj\u00ed p\u016fsobit \u201eudr\u017eiteln\u011b\u201c a z\u00e1rove\u0148 skl\u00edzet maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed zisky.<\/span><\/p>\n

To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je schvalovac\u00ed proces regula\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f pro tyto materi\u00e1ly kritizov\u00e1n pro nedostatek p\u0159\u00edsnosti a transparentnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch regula\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f je kontrola recyklovan\u00fdch plast\u016f ze strany FDA dobrovoln\u00e1, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010dnosti nejsou povinny p\u0159edkl\u00e1dat komplexn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed \u00fadaje ani se podrobovat povinn\u00e9mu testov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud se tak samy nerozhodnou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se FDA na \u00fadaje poskytnut\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslem je nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 k identifikaci potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch rizik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recyklovan\u00e9 plasty jsou no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016frou ohledn\u011b obsahu BPA a ftal\u00e1t\u016f<\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee recyklovan\u00e9 plasty mohou obsahovat koktejl toxick\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyluhuj\u00ed do potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee recyklovan\u00fd PET, kter\u00fd se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v lahv\u00edch, m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat l\u00e1tky jako bisfenol-A (BPA) , ftal\u00e1ty a jin\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00edch ne\u017e nov\u00fd PET. Tyto l\u00e1tky jsou spojeny s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, v\u010detn\u011b endokrinn\u00edch poruch, rakoviny a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dr. Maricel Maffini, v\u011bdec z port\u00e1lu\u00a0<\/span>Environmental Health News<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup FDA ke schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed recyklovan\u00fdch plast\u016f je \u201evelmi laxn\u00ed\u201c. Agentura se prim\u00e1rn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e kontaminac\u00ed biologick\u00fdmi patogeny ne\u017e slo\u017eit\u00fdmi chemick\u00fdmi sm\u011bsmi p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi v recyklovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd proces recyklace p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed komplikace. Recyklovan\u00e9 plasty se \u010dasto sb\u00edraj\u00ed ze sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, jako jsou n\u00e1doby na pesticidy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho degradace plast\u016f b\u011bhem recyklace m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed stabiliz\u00e1tor\u016f a jin\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zvy\u0161uje riziko vyluhov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tek do potravin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mluv\u010d\u00ed FDA Enrico Dinges obhajuje proces p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed agentury. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00ed \u201ep\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pokyny\u201c, a \u017ee agentura m\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby schopnost prov\u00e9st testy na m\u00edst\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Profesor Tom Zoeller z Univerzity v Massachusetts v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup FDA je zastaral\u00fd a poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed normy agentury jsou zalo\u017eeny na hodnocen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed a nikoli na komplexn\u00edch sm\u011bs\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v recyklovan\u00fdch plastech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zoeller a jin\u00ed navrhuj\u00ed, aby FDA p\u0159ijala modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed testovac\u00ed metody, kter\u00e9 zohled\u0148uj\u00ed chemik\u00e1lie naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed endokrinn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a kumulativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky chemick\u00fdch expozic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch endokrinn\u00ed syst\u00e9m na lidskou fyziologii v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm videu (v angli\u010dtin\u011b):<\/span><\/p>\n