{"id":60669,"date":"2024-08-25T00:35:10","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T22:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=60669"},"modified":"2024-08-24T15:40:50","modified_gmt":"2024-08-24T13:40:50","slug":"tri-ctvrtiny-svycarskych-medii-jsou-ovlivneny-mezinarodnimi-nevladnimi-organizacemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/08\/25\/tri-ctvrtiny-svycarskych-medii-jsou-ovlivneny-mezinarodnimi-nevladnimi-organizacemi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed jsou ovlivn\u011bny mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi nevl\u00e1dn\u00edmi organizacemi"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 m\u00e9dia jsou neust\u00e1le diskreditov\u00e1na<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a ohro\u017een\u00ed demokracie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9m modern\u00edm medi\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed existuj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojuj\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed organizace. Tyto s\u00edt\u011b mohou m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na demokracii, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o rozmanitost a nez\u00e1vislost pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v.<\/span><\/p>\n

Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku<\/span><\/h4>\n

Podle studie na\u00a0<\/span>swprs.org<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je mnoho \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed organizov\u00e1no v r\u016fzn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch. Tyto s\u00edt\u011b zahrnuj\u00ed nejen tradi\u010dn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, ale tak\u00e9 politick\u00e9, komer\u010dn\u00ed a nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace. Tato propojen\u00ed mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnit nez\u00e1vislost m\u00e9di\u00ed a v\u00e9st k jednotn\u00e9mu zpravodajstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 potla\u010duje kritick\u00e9 a odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1zory.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro demokracii<\/span><\/h4>\n

R\u016fznorod\u00e9 a nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je pro zdravou demokracii nezbytn\u00e9. Kdy\u017e jsou m\u00e9dia ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1na nebo kontrolov\u00e1na s\u00edt\u011bmi, existuje riziko, \u017ee se zpravodajstv\u00ed stane jednostrann\u00fdm a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti budou bu\u010f zkreslen\u00e9, nebo \u00fapln\u011b vynech\u00e1ny. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee \u0161patn\u011b informovan\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost nebude schopna \u010dinit informovan\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdom\u00e1 manipulace a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/h4>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je systematick\u00e1 manipulace a klam\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva t\u011bmito s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii. Proto\u017ee mnoho z t\u011bchto medi\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed je organizov\u00e1no do stejn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it dezinformace koordinovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a \u0159\u00eddit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Tato m\u00e9dia se specificky zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na zkreslen\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed reality a marginalizaci kritick\u00fdch hlas\u016f. Nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 prezentuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed fakta, jsou \u010dasto diskreditov\u00e1na a vykreslov\u00e1na jako nespolehliv\u00e1, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezuje jejich dosah a vliv.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato strategie slou\u017e\u00ed k upevn\u011bn\u00ed kontroly nad ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm a uml\u010den\u00ed kritick\u00fdch hlas\u016f. To uv\u00e1d\u00ed obyvatele v omyl a br\u00e1n\u00ed jim v p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed informovan\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed. Manipulace m\u00e9di\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se nekonaj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 debaty a demokracie je oslabena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je systematick\u00e1 diskreditace nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed. M\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 nejsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bchto s\u00edt\u00ed a prezentuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed fakta, jsou \u010dasto vl\u00e1\u010dena bahnem. Jsou zobrazov\u00e1ni jako ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 nebo ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezuje jejich dosah a vliv. To slou\u017e\u00ed k upevn\u011bn\u00ed kontroly nad ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm a uml\u010den\u00ed kritick\u00fdch hlas\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u017en\u00ed pod\u00edl velk\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9mu medi\u00e1ln\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed dominuje n\u011bkolik velk\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed a utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f. Zde jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di a jejich pod\u00edl na \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9m medi\u00e1ln\u00edm trhu:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. SRG SSR<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: SRG SSR je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a provozuje 17 rozhlasov\u00fdch stanic a 7 televizn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f a tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 online platformy. Je financov\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z vys\u00edlac\u00edch poplatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed zhruba 82 % jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. SRG SSR m\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed pod\u00edl kolem 32 % na televizn\u00edm trhu a v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl na rozhlasov\u00e9m trhu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. TX Group<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: TX Group, d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Tamedia, je p\u0159edn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, kter\u00e1 provozuje \u010detn\u00e9 noviny, \u010dasopisy a online port\u00e1ly. TX Group dosahuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40 % tiskov\u00e9ho trhu v n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00edm \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a p\u0159es 60 % ve francouzsky mluv\u00edc\u00edm \u0160v\u00fdcarsku. Jej\u00ed publikace jako \u201e20 Minutes\u201c a \u201eTages-Anzeiger\u201c jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 a vlivn\u00e9.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Ringier AG<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Ringier je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnost se s\u00eddlem ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku. Mezi zn\u00e1m\u00e9 publikace pat\u0159\u00ed \u201eBlick\u201c a \u201eSchweizer Illustrierte\u201c. Ringier m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl na \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9m medi\u00e1ln\u00edm trhu a p\u016fsob\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch a z\u00e1bavn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch. Jej\u00ed pod\u00edl na trhu v tisku a online je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm akvizic a f\u00faz\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi medi\u00e1ln\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. CH Media<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: CH Media je spole\u010dn\u00fd podnik mezi medi\u00e1ln\u00ed skupinou NZZ a AZ Medien. Zahrnuje \u010detn\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed noviny, rozhlasov\u00e9 stanice a televizn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly a m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na region\u00e1ln\u00ed zpravodajstv\u00ed ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku. CH Media pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 velkou \u010d\u00e1st region\u00e1ln\u00edho medi\u00e1ln\u00edho trhu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina NZZ<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina NZZ provozuje renomovan\u00fd \u201eNeue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung\u201c (NZZ) a dal\u0161\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 a online m\u00e9dia. Skupina m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl na tiskov\u00e9m trhu a je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi hloubkov\u00fdmi reporty a hloubkovou anal\u00fdzou.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Souhrn tr\u017en\u00edch pod\u00edl\u016f<\/span><\/h4>\n

    P\u0159esn\u00e9 procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed pod\u00edly na trhu se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na typu m\u00e9dia (tisk, r\u00e1dio, TV, online), ale dohromady t\u011bchto p\u011bt velk\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin dominuje \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9mu medi\u00e1ln\u00edmu trhu.\u00a0<\/span>Odhaduje se, \u017ee spole\u010dn\u011b ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 % celkov\u00e9ho medi\u00e1ln\u00edho trhu ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou koncentraci medi\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Tato dominance m\u00e1 d\u016fsledky pro rozmanitost zpravodajstv\u00ed a utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f, proto\u017ee mohou ovlivnit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 diskuse a dostupnost nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rozmanitosti a nez\u00e1vislosti m\u00e9di\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 podporovat transparentn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed a propagaci nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

    D\u016fsledky a n\u00e1vrhy \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/h4>\n

    D\u016fsledky takov\u00e9 kontroly m\u00e9di\u00ed jsou dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9. Vznik\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u00ed monopol, kter\u00fd potla\u010duje demokratickou debatu a sni\u017euje r\u016fznorodost n\u00e1zor\u016f. Abychom tomuto trendu \u010delili, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it transparentnost vlastnictv\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed a s\u00edt\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho by m\u011bla b\u00fdt podporov\u00e1na a chr\u00e1n\u011bna nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee budou sly\u0161et nesouhlasn\u00e9 a kritick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Dal\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem by mohla b\u00fdt podpora medi\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnosti mezi obyvatelstvem, aby se ob\u010dan\u00e9 nau\u010dili kriticky zpochyb\u0148ovat medi\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah a kontrolovat zdroje sv\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Studie medi\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku jasn\u011b ukazuje, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 a r\u016fznorod\u00e1 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed sc\u00e9na pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed demokracie. Je odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho br\u00e1nit tento princip a zajistit, aby m\u00e9dia mohla plnit svou roli \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho stavu demokracie.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 m\u00e9dia jsou neust\u00e1le diskreditov\u00e1na \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a ohro\u017een\u00ed demokracie Ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55822,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[28,158,467],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60669"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60669"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60669\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}