{"id":60437,"date":"2024-08-22T00:31:43","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T22:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=60437"},"modified":"2024-08-21T13:31:21","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T11:31:21","slug":"druha-okupace-americke-sily-v-syrii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/08\/22\/druha-okupace-americke-sily-v-syrii\/","title":{"rendered":"Druh\u00e1 okupace: americk\u00e9 s\u00edly v S\u00fdrii"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zat\u00edmco pozornost sv\u011bta byla up\u0159ena na brutalitu izraelsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, nez\u00e1konn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 okupace sousedn\u00ed S\u00fdrie byla do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry opom\u00edjena. Nyn\u00ed se m\u00edstn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed odpor spojuje, aby se p\u0159\u00edmo zam\u011b\u0159il na americkou okupaci.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Strategick\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed S\u00fdrii nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda. Od syrsko-jord\u00e1nsko-ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 hranice na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b zem\u011b do oblast\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u011b od Eufratu na severov\u00fdchod\u011b se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 28 americk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 z toho 24 americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, pe\u010dliv\u011b napl\u00e1novan\u00e9 se specifick\u00fdmi geostrategick\u00fdmi c\u00edli, m\u00e1 slou\u017eit pouze m\u00edstn\u00edm, region\u00e1ln\u00edm a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm Washingtonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle americk\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f se po\u010det americk\u00fdch okupa\u010dn\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f v S\u00fdrii dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161il z 50 voj\u00e1k\u016f v roce 2015 na v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 000 do konce roku 2017.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0z dubna 2017 dokonce nazna\u010dovaly, \u017ee tehdej\u0161\u00ed poradce pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l HR McMaster zva\u017eoval nasazen\u00ed a\u017e 50 000 voj\u00e1k\u016f do Ir\u00e1ku a S\u00fdrie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto zna\u010dn\u00e9 nahromad\u011bn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy bylo Obamovou administrativou zd\u016fvodn\u011bno jako nezbytn\u00e9 k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed nestability v S\u00fdrii, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1r\u016fstu terorismu a oslaben\u00ed stavu vl\u00e1dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost t\u011b\u017eila z t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek, umocn\u011bn\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi intervencemi, kter\u00e9 pumpovaly zbran\u011b, hotovost a zpravodajsk\u00e9 informace do militantn\u00edch frakc\u00ed od takzvan\u00e9 \u201aSvobodn\u00e9 syrsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy\u2018 a\u017e po extremistick\u00e9 skupiny, jako je Fronta Al-Nusra a pozd\u011bji ISIS.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

USA tak\u00e9 podpo\u0159ily\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>kurdsk\u00e9 s\u00edly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0p\u0159i z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed autonomn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy na severov\u00fdchod\u011b S\u00fdrie, co\u017e je krok zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu Moskvy pot\u00e9, co Dama\u0161ek usiloval o intervenci rusk\u00e9ho letectva, aby pomohl zma\u0159it militantn\u00ed jednotky podporovan\u00e9 ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Destabilizace a ekonomick\u00e1 blok\u00e1da<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z prim\u00e1rn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f ileg\u00e1ln\u00ed americk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>drancov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0syrsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f ropy a plynu. To nejen financuje aktivity jejich z\u00e1stupc\u016f Syrsk\u00fdch demokratick\u00fdch sil (SDF) pod veden\u00edm Kurd\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 posiluje ekonomickou blok\u00e1du S\u00fdrie, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edkladem jsou sankce\u00a0<\/span>Caesar Act<\/span><\/a>\u00a0uvalen\u00e9 v \u010dervnu 2020.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9 dob\u011b b\u00fdval\u00fd americk\u00fd vyslanec v S\u00fdrii James Jeffrey\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1sil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee tyto sankce p\u0159isp\u011bly ke kolapsu syrsk\u00e9 libry a br\u00e1nily hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politice syrsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e poznamenal, \u017ee Dama\u0161ek \u201enen\u00ed schopen \u0159\u00eddit \u00fa\u010dinnou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou politiku a pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz\u201c. v libanonsk\u00fdch bank\u00e1ch.“<\/span><\/p>\n

USA tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy z ropy k financov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti a br\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed o obnovu S\u00fdrie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v srpnu 2020\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>CNN<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0informovala o dohod\u011b schv\u00e1len\u00e9 Trumpovou administrativou, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje americk\u00e9 firm\u011b Delta Crescent Energy LLC rozv\u00edjet ropn\u00e1 pole kontrolovan\u00e1 SDF.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Na region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni je c\u00edlem americk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti zabr\u00e1nit \u00cdr\u00e1nu v navazov\u00e1n\u00ed pozemn\u00edch spojen\u00ed se St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159em p\u0159es Ir\u00e1k a S\u00fdrii. Toto strategick\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1loha leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Incirlik v Turkiye uprost\u0159ed rostouc\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Washingtonem a Ankarou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed S\u00fdrii a pobl\u00ed\u017e ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch hranic nav\u00edc obsahuj\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>arabsk\u00e9 kmeny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a chr\u00e1n\u00ed Izrael t\u00edm, \u017ee blokuj\u00ed pozemn\u00ed koridor mezi S\u00fdri\u00ed a Ir\u00e1kem. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se tento krok sna\u017eil izolovat S\u00fdrii od jej\u00edch region\u00e1ln\u00edch spojenc\u016f, zejm\u00e9na \u00cdr\u00e1nu a Hizball\u00e1hu, kte\u0159\u00ed pro Izrael p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou hrozbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Boj proti rusk\u00e9mu a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu vlivu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku americk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v S\u00fdrii pom\u00e1h\u00e1 Washingtonu udr\u017eet si nadvl\u00e1du nad glob\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dkem a \u010delit vlivu euroasijsk\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed Ruska a \u010c\u00edny. Rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v S\u00fdrii je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka, kter\u00e1 hroz\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu Pekingu zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00e9 by mohly podkopat strategickou pozici USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159es v\u00fdznamnou p\u0159\u00edtomnost USA je dlouhodob\u00e1 udr\u017eitelnost americk\u00fdch jednotek v nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu nejist\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Snahy Washingtonu zm\u011bnit syrsk\u00fd politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry selhaly a americk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u010del\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u00fatok\u016fm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0region\u00e1ln\u00edch odbojov\u00fdch skupin. Od listopadu 2023 \u010delili ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed 102 \u00fatok\u016fm, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rostouc\u00ed odpor proti americk\u00e9 okupaci syrsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b m\u016f\u017ee \u00fasp\u011bch rusk\u00e9 diplomacie a hnut\u00ed sm\u011brem k\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>syrsko-tureck\u00e9mu usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0donutit USA, aby si vybraly mezi konfrontac\u00ed a sta\u017een\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Budoucnost americk\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti v S\u00fdrii<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se americk\u00e9 prezidentsk\u00e9 volby by mohly ovlivnit i budoucnost americk\u00e9ho anga\u017em\u00e1 v S\u00fdrii. Pokud se sou\u010dasn\u00e9 administrativ\u011b poda\u0159\u00ed vyjednat region\u00e1ln\u00ed dohodu o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed \u2013 a deklarovat v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd z\u00e1jem o n\u00e1vrat k \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 dohod\u011b \u2013 m\u016f\u017ee se rozhodnout st\u00e1hnout jednotky ze S\u00fdrie, aby pos\u00edlila demokratickou podporu. A naopak, pokud se Donald Trump vr\u00e1t\u00ed k moci, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed s Ruskem by mohlo usp\u00ed\u0161it odchod USA z Ukrajiny i S\u00fdrie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2015 po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed americk\u00e9 administrativy neposkytly jasn\u00e9 a konzistentn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo o celkov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti americk\u00fdch jednotek v S\u00fdrii. Odhady v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3000 americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f je rozm\u00edst\u011bno na r\u016fzn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00e1ch v guvernor\u00e1tech Hasakah, Deir Ezzor, z\u00e1padn\u011b od Eufratu a pod\u00e9l syrsko-ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 hranice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jednotek tvo\u0159\u00ed strategick\u00fd \u201ekruh\u201c kolem kritick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f ropy a plynu v regionu, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu podzemn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed S\u00fdrie. Koncentrace americk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen v t\u011bchto oblastech odhaluje jejich d\u016fle\u017eitost pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a udr\u017een\u00ed kontroly nad p\u0159epravn\u00edmi trasami pro tyto produkty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed energie a suverenity S\u00fdrie\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladna\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Rmeilan<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed krajin\u011b Hasakah, byla prvn\u00ed americkou vojenskou z\u00e1kladnou v S\u00fdrii. Je v n\u011bm asi 500 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, jejich\u017e hlavn\u00edm posl\u00e1n\u00edm je ochrana ropn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v regionu. Oblast zahrnuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1300 ropn\u00fdch vrt\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed rokem 2011 produkovaly 120 000 a\u017e 150 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b a asi dva miliony metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch plynu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladna Al-Shaddadi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od stejnojmenn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, je strategicky um\u00edst\u011bna pobl\u00ed\u017e nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sob ropy v regionu. V jeho bl\u00edzkosti se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pole Al-Gypsa, kter\u00e9 obsahuje asi 500 ropn\u00fdch vrt\u016f, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed druh\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ropn\u00e9 pole v Al-Hasakah. Z\u00e1kladna tak\u00e9 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 plynovou elektr\u00e1rnu Al-Shadadi, co\u017e d\u00e1le zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jej\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i kontrole syrsk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poln\u00ed z\u00e1kladna Al-Omari v Deir Ezzor je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladnou USA v S\u00fdrii a nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v ropn\u00e9m poli Al-Omari, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed rokem 2011 produkovalo a\u017e 80 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b. Tato z\u00e1kladna spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi, jako je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>pole Conoco<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Tal Baydar, Life Stone, Qasrak, Himos a Al-Tanf, zaji\u0161\u0165uje dominanci USA nad nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a na zdroje nejbohat\u0161\u00edm ter\u00e9nem v S\u00fdrii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed S\u00fdrii je strategick\u00fdm nasazen\u00edm s dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky. Zat\u00edmco slou\u017eila c\u00edl\u016fm Washingtonu \u010delit \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu vlivu, zajistit izraelsk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, vy\u010derpat syrskou ekonomiku a udr\u017eet hegemonii USA v Levant\u011b a Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu, americk\u00e9 jednotky nyn\u00ed \u010del\u00ed hrozb\u011b ka\u017edodenn\u00edch \u00fader\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odpor v\u016f\u010di americk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v sou\u010dasnosti poch\u00e1z\u00ed od m\u00edstn\u00edch arabsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f a osy odporu v regionu, ale divoce se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed dynamika a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed povolebn\u00ed zm\u011bny v zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice USA mohou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it odpor v\u016f\u010di t\u011bmto sil\u00e1m a nakonec si vynutit sta\u017een\u00ed USA ze S\u00fdrie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokud v\u0161ak USA budou i nad\u00e1le vn\u00edmat hodnotu sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v regionu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b si v dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b udr\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a prosad\u00ed sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 c\u00edle v S\u00fdrii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mohamed Nader Al-Omari<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco pozornost sv\u011bta byla up\u0159ena na brutalitu izraelsk\u00e9ho okupa\u010dn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, nez\u00e1konn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 okupace sousedn\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":60438,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[111,147,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60437"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60437"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60437\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}