{"id":60254,"date":"2024-08-20T00:33:09","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T22:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=60254"},"modified":"2024-08-19T14:36:53","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T12:36:53","slug":"banglades-primy-utok-na-jeden-z-nejdulezitejsich-koridoru-bri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/08\/20\/banglades-primy-utok-na-jeden-z-nejdulezitejsich-koridoru-bri\/","title":{"rendered":"Banglad\u00e9\u0161, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fatok na jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch koridor\u016f BRI"},"content":{"rendered":"
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To, co se stane v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dnech, bude kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 nejen pro budoucnost Banglad\u00e9\u0161e a Indie, ale tak\u00e9 pro celou Iniciativu P\u00e1s a stezku a jej\u00ed p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 projekty.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 strategii v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 eskalace, kterou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty prosazuj\u00ed v souladu se svou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politikou opakovan\u00fdch v\u00e1lek, zauj\u00edm\u00e1 to, co se d\u011bje v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i, \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli v americk\u00e9m pokusu o destabilizaci nov\u00fdch alianc\u00ed multipol\u00e1rn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Postoj iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jak zn\u00e1mo, jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bod\u016f nov\u00fdch alianc\u00ed je iniciativa Belt and Road, obchodn\u00ed cesta, kter\u00e1 hraje vedouc\u00ed roli p\u0159i spojov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed euroasijsk\u00e9ho makrokontinentu.<\/p>\n

BRI byla zalo\u017eena v roce 2013 z iniciativy \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky jako obchodn\u00ed infrastruktura zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed 150 zem\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze \u0161esti pozemn\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch rozvojov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed propojen\u00fdch silnicemi, \u017eeleznicemi, energetick\u00fdmi potrub\u00edmi, digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi syst\u00e9my a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi trasami propojen\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstavy. Xi Jinping p\u016fvodn\u011b ozn\u00e1mil strategii jako \u201eekonomick\u00fd p\u00e1s Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky\u201c b\u011bhem ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Kazachst\u00e1nu v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2013. Term\u00edn \u201ep\u00e1s\u201c ozna\u010duje navrhovan\u00e9 pozemn\u00ed trasy pro silni\u010dn\u00ed a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu p\u0159es vnitrozemskou St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii pod\u00e9l slavn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch cest z\u00e1padn\u00edch oblast\u00ed; \u201eRoad\u201c je zkratka pro \u201e21st Century Maritime Silk Road\u201c, co\u017e se vztahuje na indicko-pacifick\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cesty p\u0159es jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii do ji\u017en\u00ed Asie, na St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdchod a do Afriky.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010del iniciativy je jednoduch\u00fd: mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 s\u00edly a postaven\u00ed na sv\u011btov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b. Stanoven\u00fdmi c\u00edli BRI je vybudovat velk\u00fd, jednotn\u00fd trh a pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a dom\u00e1c\u00ed trhy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny a integrace, zlep\u0161en\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho porozum\u011bn\u00ed a d\u016fv\u011bry mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed inovativn\u00edho modelu p\u0159\u00edlivu kapit\u00e1lu, talent pool\u016f a technologick\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze. Nic nen\u00ed ignorov\u00e1no: infrastruktura, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, doprava, stavebnictv\u00ed, suroviny, vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zeminy, technologie. S jistotou lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Iniciativa P\u00e1s a stezka se stala \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm magnetem pro cel\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Dnes, v roce 2024, m\u00e1 140 zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed 75 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace.<\/p>\n

Na N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezce, po kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e p\u0159epravuje v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina sv\u011btov\u00fdch kontejner\u016f, se roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy, buduj\u00ed logistick\u00e1 centra a vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 vnitrozemsk\u00e9 p\u0159epravn\u00ed trasy. Tato obchodn\u00ed cesta vede od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed na jih, spojuje Hanoj, Kuala Lumpur, Singapur a Jakartu, d\u00e1le na z\u00e1pad, kde spojuje hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Sr\u00ed Lanky Colombo a Mal\u00e9, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Malediv, s v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afrikou a m\u011bstem Mombasa v Keni. Odtud spojen\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na sever do D\u017eibuti, p\u0159es Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e a Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, spojuje Haifu, Istanbul a At\u00e9ny s horn\u00edm Jadranem a italsk\u00fdm centrem Terst s jeho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm svobodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstavem a jeho \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm spojen\u00edm do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy a Severn\u00ed mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Pravidla BRI prim\u00e1rn\u011b diktuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 partnersk\u00e9 aliance: \u010c\u00ednsko-africk\u00e9 f\u00f3rum pro spolupr\u00e1ci, F\u00f3rum pro spolupr\u00e1ci mezi \u010c\u00ednou a arabsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, \u0160anghajsk\u00e1 iniciativa pro spolupr\u00e1ci a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b BRICS+.<\/p>\n

Oslaben\u00ed Indie k destabilizaci Rimlandu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kritika BRI samoz\u0159ejm\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed od (nyn\u00ed ji\u017e ne) atlantick\u00e9ho hegemona: p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho vlivu, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho ekonomick\u00e9 s\u00edly, tud\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho politick\u00e9 autonomie. A to nejen pro \u010c\u00ednu, ale i pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 sousedn\u00ed st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou tak \u010di onak spojeny s USA.<\/p>\n

BRI \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila \u010d\u00ednskou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed moc a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila sv\u016fj politick\u00fd vliv. V klasick\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 teorii Halforda Mackindera a jeho americk\u00fdch n\u00e1stupc\u016f tento vliv znamen\u00e1 jedin\u00e9: omezit moc americk\u00e9 thalassokracie a donutit ji naj\u00edt jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak dob\u00fdt srdce (srdce Eurasie). P\u0159esto\u017ee \u010c\u00edna nen\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed civilizac\u00ed (thalassokracie), ale pozemn\u00ed civilizac\u00ed (telurokracie), dok\u00e1zala vyu\u017e\u00edt ekonomick\u00e9ho odstra\u0161en\u00ed jako n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed velmoc a vytvo\u0159it rovnov\u00e1hu, kter\u00e1 d\u011bs\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 a jejich (velmi m\u00e1lo) partner\u016f.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee tu skute\u010dn\u011b existuje strategick\u00e9 riziko: Rimland, pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed z\u00f3nu, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed jako n\u00e1razn\u00edk v konfliktu mezi eurasijsk\u00fdmi tellurokraciemi a atlantsk\u00fdmi thalassokraciemi, nelze levn\u011b postoupit. BRI je objektivn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategie vojensk\u00e9 kontroly nad Malack\u00fdm pr\u016flivem a \u201eobaluje\u201c \u0159et\u011bzec americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 postupn\u011b ztratili svobodu vojensk\u00e9 iniciativy a ji\u017e nemohou jednat bez rozd\u00edlu.<\/p>\n

USA si to dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed a z tohoto d\u016fvodu zorganizovaly p\u0159evrat v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i, zemi velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro stabilitu Indie, kter\u00e1 je po \u010c\u00edn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed v BRI a jedinou, kterou zbyla jedna spojen\u00e1 s z\u00e1pad s dvojit\u00fdm z\u00e1vitem.<\/p>\n

Indie v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch opakovan\u011b odm\u00edtla strategickou podporu USA, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o kontrolu nad Indick\u00fdm mo\u0159em a Persk\u00fdm z\u00e1livem; Narendra Modi nav\u0161t\u00edvil Moskvu minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc a podepsal dohody s Ruskem; To v\u0161e nedopadlo dob\u0159e ve Washingtonu, kter\u00fd na\u0159\u00eddil svr\u017een\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u0161ejka Hasiny v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i.<\/p>\n

Hasina je proindick\u00e1, tak\u017ee Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed by mohlo t\u011b\u017eit z v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed stability. Hasina tak\u00e9 znamenala rovnov\u00e1hu mezi etnick\u00fdmi a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi konflikty, kde ji\u017e mezi lety 2001 a 2006 do\u0161lo k n\u011bkolika probl\u00e9m\u016fm kv\u016fli vazb\u00e1m mezi nacionalistick\u00fdmi skupinami a stranami v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu; odm\u00edtl \u00fazemn\u00ed \u00fastupky a vojenskou spolupr\u00e1ci s USA a odolal proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu tlaku.<\/p>\n

Trest byl okam\u017eit\u00fd: Hasina byla sesazena p\u0159i p\u0159evratu, aby dosadila prozat\u00edmn\u00ed juntu s mu\u017eem, kter\u00e9ho vybral Washington. Zcela ve stylu Stars and Stripes. Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee americk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ilo podporu zm\u011bn\u011b politick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, ani\u017e by na ud\u00e1lost \u010dekalo by\u0165 jen n\u011bkolik hodin.<\/p>\n

Destabilizace Banglad\u00e9\u0161e je pokusem podkopat indickou bezpe\u010dnost, a proto\u017ee Indie je garantem stability a autonomie Rimlandu, USA se budou sna\u017eit naru\u0161it region\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00edm dom\u00e1c\u00edch konflikt\u016f a ma\u0159en\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdch dohod. Proamerick\u00e1 administrativa by donutila v\u0161echny sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b, aby p\u0159ehodnotily sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek k bezpe\u010dnosti a \u00fa\u010dasti v partnerstv\u00ed. I kdy\u017e je pravda, \u017ee Banglad\u00e9\u0161 nem\u016f\u017ee \u010delit Indii s\u00e1m a ur\u010dovat jej\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed politiku, je tak\u00e9 pravda, \u017ee \u0159ada strategick\u00fdch hrozeb na indicko-banglad\u00e9\u0161sk\u00e9 hranici by v tomto okam\u017eiku p\u0159edstavovala velmi slo\u017eit\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

To, co se stane v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dnech, bude kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 nejen pro budoucnost Banglad\u00e9\u0161e a Indie, ale tak\u00e9 pro celou Iniciativu P\u00e1s a stezku a jej\u00ed p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 projekty.<\/p>\n

Lorenzo Maria Pacini<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

To, co se stane v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dnech, bude kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 nejen pro budoucnost Banglad\u00e9\u0161e a Indie,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":59326,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[4742,30,5123,79,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60254"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60254"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60254\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}