{"id":59803,"date":"2024-08-13T05:50:58","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T03:50:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=59803"},"modified":"2024-08-13T05:50:58","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T03:50:58","slug":"uriel-araujo-netanjahu-se-rozhodl-zapalit-blizky-vychod-a-zatahnout-washington-do-vetsi-valky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/08\/13\/uriel-araujo-netanjahu-se-rozhodl-zapalit-blizky-vychod-a-zatahnout-washington-do-vetsi-valky\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Netanjahu se rozhodl zap\u00e1lit Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod a zat\u00e1hnout Washington do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lky"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Izrael a \u00cdr\u00e1n ji\u017e dlouhou dobu vedou takzvanou \u201e\u00a0<\/span>st\u00ednovou v\u00e1lku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c. Jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, mezi Washingtonem a Tel Avivem se po l\u00e9ta odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u00e1 hra, ve kter\u00e9 Tel Aviv znovu a znovu hroz\u00ed \u00fatokem na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zat\u00edmco prvn\u00ed se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9mu (ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu) odporu proti takov\u00e9mu pl\u00e1nu, zat\u00edmco \u010dasov\u00e1 signalizace by bylo zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 ne\u0159\u00edkat nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd krok, kter\u00fd v\u016fbec neschvaluje (a nebude ho podporovat).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy i samotn\u00e9 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty podepisuj\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed schopnost zabr\u00e1nit jak\u00e9mukoli \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu proti\u00fatoku v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u017eidovsk\u00fd st\u00e1t za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed. V roce 2012 zablokovala Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv. Washington po l\u00e9ta podporoval sv\u00e9ho izraelsk\u00e9ho spojence a po l\u00e9ta odsuzoval isl\u00e1mskou republiku jako \u201ehrozbu\u201c pro Izrael a dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty v regionu. A p\u0159esto se USA neust\u00e1le ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee jak\u00e1koli \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 reakce na izraelsk\u00fd \u00fatok by mohla destabilizovat celou oblast, proto\u017ee panuje nejistota ohledn\u011b \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho programu. Cel\u00e1 hra, jak vid\u00edte, byla o zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee situace u\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt nezvladateln\u00e1 \u2013 a zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u016fdce Hamasu Ismaila Haniyeha v \u00cdr\u00e1nu je toho posledn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznakem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden ve sv\u00e9m zpravodaji prof. John. J. Mearsheimer\u00a0<\/span>popsal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0politiku, kterou Izrael prosazuje, jako \u201ev p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m rozporu\u201c s \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed americkou administrativou (a\u010dkoli nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9,\u00a0<\/span>kdo nyn\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed USA<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) \u2013 ta se chce vyhnout eskalaci do region\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lky zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Libanon a \u00cdr\u00e1n, do n\u00ed\u017e bylo by to nuceno se z\u00fa\u010dastnit. Mearsheimer je profesorem politologie na Chicagsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm americk\u00fdm u\u010dencem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. Argumentuje, aby ilustroval v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd bod, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed ve Washingtonu \u201ezoufale chce\u201c p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Palestin\u011b, zat\u00edmco Netanjahuova vl\u00e1da je \u201eodhodl\u00e1na zajistit, aby jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed selhala\u201c (a je tedy spravedliv\u00e9, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b selhala). . Je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee Mearsheimer poukazuje na to, \u017ee vyhnout se p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 v\u00e1lce s \u00cdr\u00e1nem je jedn\u00edm z c\u00edl\u016f Bidenovy administrativy, zat\u00edmco Izrael se na druhou stranu pokusil \u201ezat\u00e1hnout\u201c Washington p\u0159esn\u011b do takov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ji\u017e dvakr\u00e1t (1. \u00fatokem\u00a0<\/span>na \u00edr\u00e1nskou ambas\u00e1du v Dama\u0161ku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a ned\u00e1vno 31. \u010dervence zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm Ismaila Haniyeha). Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed body, v nich\u017e se u\u010denec rozch\u00e1z\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed Netanjahuova touha \u201evyvolat v\u00e1lku\u201c s Hizball\u00e1hem. Washington m\u00e1 v z\u00e1sad\u011b \u201ehluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fd z\u00e1jem\u201c na ur\u010dit\u00e9m stupni stability na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b a Netanjahu je na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b \u201e\u00a0<\/span>ochotn\u00fd zap\u00e1lit region<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c ,\u00a0slovy Alona Pinkase, izraelsk\u00e9ho diplomata\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Haaretz.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd diplomat tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Netanjahu se stal \u201edareb\u00e1kem\u201c a stejn\u011b tak Izrael t\u00edm, \u017ee se vzp\u00edral \u201emezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu pr\u00e1vu a norm\u00e1m mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. Jde tak daleko, \u017ee tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee za posledn\u00edch 15 let nem\u011bl \u017eidovsk\u00fd st\u00e1t \u017e\u00e1dnou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku, spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, a to kv\u016fli Netanjahuovi. Tato situace v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b naru\u0161ila vztah Izraele s jeho americk\u00fdm spojencem a vyvolala ur\u010ditou m\u00edru ned\u016fv\u011bry. Izraelsk\u00fd v\u016fdce nap\u0159\u00edklad jasn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>lhal Bidenovi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o situaci s rukojm\u00edmi, co\u017e ho p\u0159im\u011blo, aby mu velmi americk\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u0159ekl: \u201ep\u0159esta\u0148 m\u011b vyv\u00e1d\u011bt\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Je dost snadn\u00e9 obvinit Netanjahua ze v\u0161ech h\u0159\u00edch\u016f Izraele a z humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofy v Palestin\u011b a pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 je jist\u011b stejn\u011b snadn\u00e9 vyl\u00ed\u010dit Washington jako oddan\u00fd zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stability Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu. Realita je o n\u011bco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Izrael se zam\u011b\u0159oval na civilisty a civiln\u00ed infrastrukturu a po velmi dlouhou dobu up\u00edral arabsk\u00fdm Palestinc\u016fm jejich pln\u00e1 etnopolitick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va; po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u011b okupuje palestinsk\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed a Golansk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161iny v S\u00fdrii \u2013 abychom jmenovali jen n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm chyb\u00ed jasn\u00fd postoj k Bl\u00edzk\u00e9mu v\u00fdchodu a\u00a0<\/span>nemohou se rozhodnout,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zda maj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>region \u201eopustit\u201c, nebo tam \u201ez\u016fstat\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o z\u00e1kladn\u00edm geopolitick\u00e9m rozporu v zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice Atlantick\u00e9 supervelmoci, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b o jej\u00edm pokusu chovat se jako \u201emo\u0159sk\u00e1 velmoc\u201c (jak\u00a0<\/span>si p\u0159edstavoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Alfred Thayer Mahan) i jako \u201epozemn\u00ed velmoc\u201c (abych pou\u017eil\u00a0<\/span>Mackinderovu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dichotomii) . Washington chce v podstat\u011b v\u0161echno. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty\u00a0, kter\u00e9 nejsou schopny uplat\u0148ovat\u00a0<\/span>zdr\u017eenlivost<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u201euv\u00edzly\u201c v odklonu od regionu St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu (sm\u011brem k Pacifiku) a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tam udr\u017eovaly jednotky, kter\u00e9 mohou pouze vyvolat nap\u011bt\u00ed, ani\u017e by \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b \u201eomezovaly\u201c sv\u00e9ho \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho rivala. \u00cdr\u00e1n se ve skute\u010dnosti uk\u00e1zal jako\u00a0<\/span>hlavn\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bz<\/span><\/a>\u00a0t\u00e9to americk\u00e9 katastrofy v Ir\u00e1ku.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159es ve\u0161kerou americkou r\u00e9toriku o \u201eV\u00e1lce proti terorismu\u201c je nesporn\u00fdm faktem, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>hlavn\u00edmi akt\u00e9ry<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kte\u0159\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b spolupracovali v boji proti terorismu v Levant\u011b, byly\u00a0<\/span>\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>rusk\u00e9 s\u00edly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>Hizball\u00e1h<\/span><\/a>\u00a0samotn\u00fd. U\u010dinili tak t\u00edm, \u017ee bojovali s ISIS (tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako Daesh) v S\u00fdrii, nap\u0159\u00edklad po v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let. Stejn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i\u00a0<\/span>zaru\u010dili bezpe\u010dnost k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch a etnick\u00fdch men\u0161in<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v regionu, kde wahh\u00e1b\u0161t\u00ed radik\u00e1lov\u00e9, jako je nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd Daesh, s\u0165ali,\u00a0<\/span>zotro\u010dovali<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>un\u00e1\u0161eli<\/span><\/a>\u00a0mnoho z nich. USA na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b poskytovaly vojenskou pomoc povstalc\u016fm v S\u00fdrii, v\u010detn\u011b radik\u00e1l\u016f a terorist\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc byl po l\u00e9ta pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n Caesar\u016fv z\u00e1kon USA jako zbra\u0148 proti syrsk\u00e9 ekonomice a jej\u00ed obnov\u011b, co\u017e m\u00e1 dopad i na Libanon. Toto je kontext, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil \u00cdr\u00e1nu prom\u00edtnout sv\u016fj vliv pomoc\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u201e\u00a0<\/span>ropn\u00e9 diplomacie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c (a tak\u00e9 d\u00e1le pos\u00edlil Hizball\u00e1h) uprost\u0159ed m\u00edstn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>energetick\u00e9 krize<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to tak, \u017ee by se Washington v\u016fbec zaj\u00edmal o \u201estabiln\u00ed\u201c Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod. Ur\u010dit\u011b se sna\u017eila destabilizovat region \u2013 ale tady je h\u00e1\u010dek, jen ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161. Stejn\u011b tak aktivn\u011b provokuje ruskou velmoc od devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let (s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi f\u00e1zemi\u00a0<\/span>expanze NATO<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) a\u017e po Majdan v roce 2014 a d\u00e1le. Cht\u011blo obkl\u00ed\u010dit a zadr\u017eet Rusko, ale \u2013 op\u011bt \u2013 prost\u011b ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161. Probl\u00e9m s takov\u00fdmto zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed je v tom, \u017ee n\u011bkdy nap\u011bt\u00ed praskne a eskaluje (jako tomu bylo\u00a0<\/span>v roce 2014<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>v roce 2022<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b), \u010d\u00edm\u017e se nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vymkne kontrole. Netanjahu je jist\u011b odhodlan\u00fd zap\u00e1lit Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod \u2013 ale americk\u00e1 supervelmoc je tou, kdo mu dod\u00e1v\u00e1 palivo do ohn\u011b, a ironicky je to tak\u00e9 ta, kdo nyn\u00ed chce vid\u011bt ohe\u0148 mimo kontrolu. Takovou politiku lze skute\u010dn\u011b ozna\u010dit za nezodpov\u011bdnou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo<\/a>, PhD, antropologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

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Izrael a \u00cdr\u00e1n ji\u017e dlouhou dobu vedou takzvanou \u201e\u00a0st\u00ednovou v\u00e1lku\u00a0\u201c. Jak jsem\u00a0psal\u00a0, mezi Washingtonem a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":59804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,4537,107,37,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59803"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59803\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}