{"id":59221,"date":"2024-08-04T00:32:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T22:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=59221"},"modified":"2024-08-03T14:58:34","modified_gmt":"2024-08-03T12:58:34","slug":"paul-craig-roberts-ekonomicka-situace-zapadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/08\/04\/paul-craig-roberts-ekonomicka-situace-zapadu\/","title":{"rendered":"Paul Craig Roberts: Ekonomick\u00e1 situace Z\u00e1padu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Amerika m\u011bla kdysi kapitalistickou ekonomiku. Bankovn\u00ed vklady slou\u017eily k \u00fav\u011br\u016fm, kter\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159ovaly v\u00fdrobn\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Amerika vyr\u00e1b\u011bla sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a p\u011bstovala vlastn\u00ed potraviny. Americk\u00e1 m\u011bna byla kryta zlatem a neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 inflace. Nov\u00e9 technologie vnesen\u00e9 do hry nov\u00fdmi investicemi zlep\u0161ily produktivitu pr\u00e1ce a zv\u00fd\u0161ily se \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148. Zisky byly vlo\u017eeny do zlep\u0161en\u00fdch metod a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdroby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1dy dotovaly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastrukturu a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. To sn\u00ed\u017eilo p\u0159epravn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a t\u00edm i v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a ceny a poskytlo pr\u016fmyslu a v\u00fdrob\u011b dob\u0159e vy\u0161kolenou pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu. Jako rezident ve st\u00e1t\u011b jsem m\u011bl ro\u010dn\u00ed \u0161koln\u00e9 na Georgia Tech asi 450 dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ekonomiky byl nahrazen zcela jinou ekonomikou, tou, kterou m\u00e1me dnes. Kdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd a jak se to stalo, je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd lze vypr\u00e1v\u011bt pozd\u011bji, ale ne v t\u00e9to rubrice.<\/span><\/p>\n

V dne\u0161n\u00ed ekonomice se bankovn\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dky neposkytuj\u00ed na financov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch investic do nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu a vybaven\u00ed. Jsou ud\u011blov\u00e1ny na financov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kupu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch aktiv. P\u016fj\u010dky se poskytuj\u00ed na n\u00e1kup st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch podnik\u016f, jejich zadlu\u017een\u00ed a prodej jejich aktiv. P\u016fj\u010dky jsou poskytov\u00e1ny na financov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9ho odkupu vlastn\u00edch akci\u00ed, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje cenu akci\u00ed a vede k \u201ev\u00fdkonnostn\u00edm bonus\u016fm\u201c pro mana\u017eery a p\u0159edstavenstvo. \u00dav\u011bry jsou poskytov\u00e1ny na financov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kupu nemovitost\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zvy\u0161uje hodnota nemovitost\u00ed, co\u017e zase zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady na bydlen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 ekonomika je financov\u00e1na. P\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 z \u00farok\u016f a poplatk\u016f z dluh\u016f, z drancov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho majetku prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm privatizace a z vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ekonomik t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bankovn\u00edch p\u016fj\u010dek v dolarech, kter\u00e9 lze splatit pouze tehdy, pokud zadlu\u017een\u00e1 zem\u011b prod\u00e1 sv\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 aktiva sv\u00fdm americk\u00fdm v\u011b\u0159itel\u016fm. pravidlo za nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ceny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 americk\u00e1 ekonomika spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na dluhu, nikoli na bohatstv\u00ed, americk\u00e9ho lidu a na finan\u010dn\u00edm donucen\u00ed dolarem zadlu\u017een\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch vl\u00e1d platit sv\u00e9 dluhy majetkem sv\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zni\u010dil rodinn\u00e9 farmy a monopolizoval produkci potravin v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, monopolizoval finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v rukou p\u011bti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch bank a zni\u010dil hodnotu americk\u00e9ho dolaru.<\/span><\/p>\n

To nen\u00ed obr\u00e1zek \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ekonomiky s budoucnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed sv\u011bt, zejm\u00e9na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9, p\u0159em\u00edstil svou pr\u016fmyslovou a zpracovatelskou ekonomiku do Asie a Mexika. Offshoring p\u0159ipravil americkou pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu o p\u0159\u00edjem spojen\u00fd s v\u00fdrobou zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 konzumuj\u00ed. Jak zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eby p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, aby byly uvedeny na trh, jsou dov\u00e1\u017eeny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zvy\u0161uje obchodn\u00ed deficit Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fvod, pro\u010d tento vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatelsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m dok\u00e1zal p\u0159etrvat, je ten, \u017ee Washington pou\u017eil druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku k tomu, aby se americk\u00fd dolar stal mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnou, tedy rezervn\u00ed m\u011bnou sv\u011btov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank. Dluh denominovan\u00fd v dolarech se stal rezervami sv\u011btov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fdt rezervn\u00ed m\u011bnou znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dluh jedn\u00e9 zem\u011b jsou rezervy centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch zem\u00ed. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho dluhu USA proto nebylo probl\u00e9mem, proto\u017ee znamenalo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rezerv sv\u011btov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu nebylo financov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9ho dluhu nikdy probl\u00e9mem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V 21. stolet\u00ed samotn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da USA piln\u011b pracovala na zni\u010den\u00ed tohoto privilegovan\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu financov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1le rostouc\u00edho dluhu t\u00edm, \u017ee zbra\u0148ovala pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dolaru jako rezervn\u00ed m\u011bny. Sankce uvalen\u00e9 na Rusko a dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b vedly k v\u0161eobecn\u00e9mu odklonu od pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f USA jako rezerv centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. Washingtonsk\u00e9 zabaven\u00ed rusk\u00fdch rezerv centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky denominovan\u00fdch v dolarech uk\u00e1zalo sv\u011btu, \u017ee se mu m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t tot\u00e9\u017e. V d\u016fsledku toho se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9ho dolaru v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch platb\u00e1ch sn\u00ed\u017eilo z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 % na necel\u00fdch 50 %. Se vznikem a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm zem\u00ed BRICS bude tento pod\u00edl nad\u00e1le klesat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee jin\u00e9 zem\u011b ji\u017e nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed americk\u00fd dolar jako rezervn\u00ed aktiva, velk\u00e1 nab\u00eddka dolar\u016f ve sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 ned\u00e1vno jsem \u010detl, \u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh USA je nyn\u00ed 35 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f \u2013 bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nab\u00eddkou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159evy\u0161uje popt\u00e1vku. V\u00fdsledkem je pokles kurzu dolaru, kter\u00fd ji\u017e potvrdil i r\u016fst cen zlata a st\u0159\u00edbra. V kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu m\u016f\u017ee Washington p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky Japonska, Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a EU, aby podpo\u0159ily dolar pou\u017eit\u00edm sv\u00fdch m\u011bn k n\u00e1kupu dolar\u016f. Ale tato pomoc dolaru nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prodlou\u017eena donekone\u010dna.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e p\u0159ijde \u010das, kdy z\u00e1padn\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky ji\u017e nebudou ochotny riskovat hodnotu sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch m\u011bn, aby podpo\u0159ily americk\u00fd dolar, a ceny zlata a st\u0159\u00edbra ji\u017e nebudou moci b\u00fdt potla\u010dov\u00e1ny prax\u00ed nekryt\u00fdch kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch prodej\u016f, Amerika bude cht\u00edt t\u0159et\u00ed sv\u011bt zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

To nen\u00ed t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 by zaj\u00edmalo mnoho ekonom\u016f. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed ekonomov\u00e9 jsou podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru sb\u00edrka lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnou za granty a poradensk\u00e9 smlouvy nabyli l\u017ei, \u017ee p\u0159echod od \u201e\u0161pinav\u00fdch neht\u016f\u201c povede k l\u00e9pe placen\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm v nov\u00e9 ekonomice. Po v\u0161ech t\u011bch letech st\u00e1le nen\u00ed ani stopy po t\u011bchto slibovan\u00fdch, l\u00e9pe placen\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edch. Tit\u00ed\u017e ekonomov\u00e9 n\u00e1m \u0159ekli, \u017ee globalizace, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s \u010din\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na dovozu, je vlnou budoucnosti. Budoucnost\u00ed ekonomiky z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na dovozu s oslabuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bnou je permanentn\u00ed inflace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roboti a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence nahrazuj\u00edc\u00ed lidskou pr\u00e1ci, zat\u00edmco do zem\u011b ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed miliony imigrant\u016f, je budoucnost tak\u00e9 permanentn\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 ekonomika je ta\u017eena kr\u00e1tkodobou maximalizac\u00ed zisku. Nedostatek vize znamen\u00e1 bez\u00fat\u011b\u0161nou budoucnost, i kdy\u017e k Velk\u00e9mu resetu nedojde.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Amerika m\u011bla kdysi kapitalistickou ekonomiku. Bankovn\u00ed vklady slou\u017eily k \u00fav\u011br\u016fm, kter\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159ovaly v\u00fdrobn\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Amerika…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":810,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[59,1503,37,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59221"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59221\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}