{"id":5920,"date":"2021-11-04T11:58:33","date_gmt":"2021-11-04T10:58:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=5920"},"modified":"2021-11-04T11:58:33","modified_gmt":"2021-11-04T10:58:33","slug":"situace-v-syrii-se-stale-vyostruje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/11\/04\/situace-v-syrii-se-stale-vyostruje\/","title":{"rendered":"Situace v S\u00fdrii se st\u00e1le vyost\u0159uje"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Situace v S\u00fdrii se m\u016f\u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch dnech v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zhor\u0161it kv\u016fli n\u011bkolika faktor\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na severu zem\u011b je to d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee Turecko v posledn\u00edch dnech k hranic\u00edm aktivn\u011b p\u0159esunulo stovky voj\u00e1k\u016f a vojensk\u00e9 techniky, zejm\u00e9na tanky, d\u011blost\u0159electvo, odpalovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdch raket a protiletadlov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.\u00a0Toto vojensk\u00e9 nahromad\u011bn\u00ed je srovnateln\u00e9 s ankarskou operac\u00ed \u201eSpring Shield\u201c v zim\u011b 2020. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u011b zajistit Erdo\u011fanovy nov\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny, tureck\u00fd parlament prodlou\u017eil opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed rozm\u00edstit arm\u00e1du v Ir\u00e1ku a S\u00fdrii do \u0159\u00edjna 2023. Dne 26. \u0159\u00edjna d\u011blost\u0159electvo ost\u0159elovalo vesnice Ain Digna a Bailunia na severu S\u00fdrie, kter\u00e9 ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed Kurdy veden\u00e9 Syrsk\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 s\u00edly (SDF). Za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed v S\u00fdrii s\u00edl\u00ed protitureck\u00e9 n\u00e1lady a v mnoha m\u011bstech se konaj\u00ed demonstrace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 situace v Turecku je dnes je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e byla b\u011bhem operac\u00ed \u0160t\u00edt Eufratu, Olivov\u00e1 ratolest a Jaro m\u00edru, a to vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho ot\u00e1zek ohledn\u011b nevyhnuteln\u00fdch zna\u010dn\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f na novou vojenskou invazi.\u00a0V\u00fdchodisko hled\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da strany AK (Strana spravedlnosti a rozvoje), kter\u00e1 se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b s ekonomickou kriz\u00ed a na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 s rostouc\u00edmi opozi\u010dn\u00edmi pr\u016fzkumy.\u00a0P\u0159esto Erdo\u011fanova vl\u00e1da p\u0159ipravuje \u010dtvrtou vojenskou operaci na severu S\u00fdrie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby v\u0161ak bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 tuto operaci prov\u00e9st, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt Turecko schopno vyu\u017e\u00edt vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor a rozm\u00edstit do regionu pozemn\u00ed jednotky pod ochranou tureck\u00e9ho letectva.\u00a0Zat\u00edm nic nenasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee Rusko poskytne tureck\u00fdm letadl\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup do vzdu\u0161n\u00e9ho prostoru, kter\u00fd kontroluje v oblasti Tell Rifaat.\u00a0V\u00fdvoj kolem Tell Rifaat nav\u00edc ukazuje, \u017ee na tuto ot\u00e1zku existuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v n\u00e1zorech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Novou pl\u00e1novanou ofenzivu Ankary pod\u00e9l v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti hranice vysv\u011btluje touha Turecka \u201eneutralizovat hrozbu, kterou p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed Kurdov\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii\u201c.\u00a0Turecko tam v letech 2016\u20132019 dobylo n\u011bkolik oblast\u00ed a nyn\u00ed kontroluje hranici od Bandar Khan po Ras al-Ein a od D\u017ear\u00e1bulusu po pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161inu \u00fazem\u00ed mezi D\u017ear\u00e1bulusem a Bandar Ch\u00e1nem v\u0161ak dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta dr\u017e\u00ed kurdsk\u00e1 jednotka YPG.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed tureck\u00e9 operace je pohrani\u010dn\u00ed m\u011bsto Koban\u00ee, 415 kilometr\u016f severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od syrsk\u00e9 metropole, kter\u00e9 Kurdov\u00e9 dosud br\u00e1nili p\u0159ed DAESH, kter\u00fd je v Rusku zak\u00e1zan\u00fd, a pozd\u011bji i p\u0159ed tureckou arm\u00e1dou.\u00a0Turecko o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee po dobyt\u00ed Koban\u00ee dostane dva regiony pod svou kontrolu, a t\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oporu v severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii.\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem chystan\u00e9 tureck\u00e9 operace je nepochybn\u011b pos\u00edlit protureckou loby v Idlibu proti mo\u017en\u00e9mu \u00fatoku Syrsk\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (SAA), kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed provincii zmocnit extremistick\u00fdch skupin pod tureckou kontrolou a \u010detn\u00fdch gang\u016f, kter\u00e9 bojuj\u00ed proti v\u0161em.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zah\u00e1jen\u00edm nov\u00e9ho kola ozbrojen\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed v S\u00fdrii Erdo\u011fan douf\u00e1, \u017ee zlep\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy, kter\u00e9 zaznamenal v zemi, kter\u00e1 v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch klesla, na \u00fakor \u201emal\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\u201c.\u00a0Nelze v\u0161ak vylou\u010dit, \u017ee aktivn\u00ed eskalace vojensk\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed Turecka v severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii proti syrsk\u00fdm Kurd\u016fm je obl\u00edbenou taktikou tureck\u00e9ho prezidenta Erdo\u011fana, aby z\u00edskal od Ruska a USA v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b nal\u00e9hav\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 preferen\u010dn\u00ed zach\u00e1zen\u00ed.\u00a0Plat\u00ed to t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee Turecko rozm\u00edstilo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 jednotky na syrsk\u00e9 hranici u\u017e v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, t\u00fdden p\u0159ed Erdo\u011fanovou sch\u016fzkou s Vladimirem Putinem.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159echod do aktivn\u00ed f\u00e1ze nov\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 intervence p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 Ankarou byl omezen aktivn\u00edmi konzultacemi mezi Ruskem a Tureckem.\u00a0Je to d\u00e1no i t\u00edm, \u017ee Erdo\u011fan u\u010dinil jasn\u00e9 \u00fastupky ve sv\u00fdch kontaktech s americk\u00fdm prezidentem na summitu G20 v \u0158\u00edm\u011b\u00a0 a klimatick\u00e9 konferenci OSN v Glasgow vzhledem k podpo\u0159e Washingtonu syrsk\u00fdm Kurd\u016fm, kter\u00e9 USA pova\u017euj\u00ed za spojence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem tiskov\u00e9 konference dne 31. \u0159\u00edjna na konci summitu G20 v \u0158\u00edm\u011b prezident Erdo\u011fan vyj\u00e1d\u0159il politov\u00e1n\u00ed nad podporou USA \u201eteroristick\u00fdm organizac\u00edm p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edm v S\u00fdrii\u201c, proto\u017ee akce Washingtonu ukazuj\u00ed solidaritu obou po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00ed, uvedl tureck\u00fd prezident. Terorist\u00e9 operuj\u00edc\u00ed v sousedn\u00ed Arabsk\u00e9 republice byli ozna\u010deni za bojovn\u00edky Odd\u00edl\u016f lidov\u00e9 sebeobrany (YPG), kter\u00e9 Turecko pova\u017euje za syrskou odno\u017e Strany kurdsk\u00fdch pracuj\u00edc\u00edch (PKK), kter\u00e1 je v Turecku zak\u00e1z\u00e1na.\u00a0„Jsem si jist\u00fd, \u017ee takov\u00e1 podpora ze strany USA v budoucnu nebude,“ \u0159ekl Erdo\u011fan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sch\u016fzka prezidenta Erdo\u011fana a americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Joe Bidena, kter\u00e1 se uskute\u010dnila 31. \u0159\u00edjna na okraj summitu G20 v \u0158\u00edm\u011b a byla druhou sch\u016fzkou obou hlav st\u00e1t\u016f, v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 jasno o dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvoji v S\u00fdrii nep\u0159inesla. Tureck\u00e1 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentura Anadolu zd\u016fraznila dohodu mezi stranami o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho mechanismu pro dal\u0161\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f.\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee star\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed form\u00e1t byl zni\u010den a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159en nov\u00fd t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 od za\u010d\u00e1tku.\u00a0P\u0159edehra ne\u00fasp\u011bchu snah USA a Turecka o nalezen\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 kompromisn\u00ed dohody se proto odehr\u00e1la v \u0158\u00edm\u011b.\u00a0Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 krize ve vztaz\u00edch mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi je zp\u016fsobena hlubok\u00fdmi rozpory v geopolitick\u00fdch a geoekonomick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch.\u00a0USA nev\u011bd\u00ed, co d\u011blat s faktory, kter\u00e9 omezuj\u00ed tureck\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy.\u00a0Syr\u0161t\u00ed Kurdov\u00e9 se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto faktor\u016f.\u00a0Turecko nav\u00edc vid\u00ed, \u017ee USA podporuj\u00ed ty st\u00e1ty v regionu, kter\u00e9 si nep\u0159ej\u00ed Turecko pos\u00edlit a ud\u011blat z n\u011bj dominantn\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee Turecko bude \u010delit mnoha obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s ud\u00e1lostmi v jeho ekonomice a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b a tak\u00e9 nejistotou ohledn\u011b vyhl\u00eddek jeho politiky v S\u00fdrii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b \u201etureck\u00e9ho faktoru\u201c m\u00e1 americk\u00e1 politika v S\u00fdrii nad\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u00fd negativn\u00ed dopad na situaci v zemi.\u00a0Je to hlavn\u011b kv\u016fli zjevn\u00e9 podpo\u0159e Washingtonu agresivn\u00edm akc\u00edm Izraele, kter\u00fd opakovan\u011b \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na syrskou a \u00edr\u00e1nskou infrastrukturu a p\u0159itom zab\u00edj\u00ed Sy\u0159any.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad 30. \u0159\u00edjna odstartovaly \u010dty\u0159i F-16 izraelsk\u00e9ho letectva ze sv\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in.\u00a0Obe\u0161li syrsk\u00fd vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor a provedli dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fatok osmi \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi st\u0159elami Delilah na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed syrsko-arabsk\u00e9 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany 20 kilometr\u016f z\u00e1padn\u011b a 12 kilometr\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u011b od Dama\u0161ku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 izraelsk\u00e9 aktivity, v\u010detn\u011b boje proti pro\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdm milic\u00edm v S\u00fdrii, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed rizika pro Ameri\u010dany a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed americk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v S\u00fdrii \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00edmu po\u010dtu probl\u00e9m\u016f.\u00a0Doug Bandow ji\u017e v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2018 v \u010dl\u00e1nku pro The National Interest ost\u0159e kritizoval p\u0159\u00edtomnost americk\u00fdch jednotek v S\u00fdrii a zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee operace Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f jsou zde podle americk\u00e9ho i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va nez\u00e1konn\u00e9.\u00a019. \u0159\u00edjna The National Interest zopakoval, \u017ee USA ji\u017e v S\u00fdrii prohr\u00e1ly a t\u00edm, \u017ee tam z\u016fstaly, riskovaly konflikt s Tureckem, jedn\u00edm ze sv\u00fdch nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch spojenc\u016f.\u00a0Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f s Tureckem,\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b kv\u016fli americk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v S\u00fdrii, zjevn\u011b nen\u00ed pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dobr\u00e9.\u00a0A p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd st\u0159et mezi tureckou arm\u00e1dou a proamerick\u00fdmi silami v S\u00fdrii (mo\u017en\u00e1 i s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm zapojen\u00edm americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy) by mohl v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu poru\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to politiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si v\u0161imnout rostouc\u00edch protiamerick\u00fdch n\u00e1lad mezi Sy\u0159any, kte\u0159\u00ed volaj\u00ed po sta\u017een\u00ed americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy z jejich zem\u011b.\u00a0N\u00e1r\u016fst t\u011bchto n\u00e1lad nen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben pouze pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdvozem syrsk\u00e9 ropy ze strany USA do Ir\u00e1ku, jak 25. \u0159\u00edjna op\u011bt uvedla syrsko-arabsk\u00e1 tiskov\u00e1 agentura SANA.\u00a0Americk\u00fd konvoj slo\u017een\u00fd z 33 vozidel, v\u010detn\u011b ropn\u00fdch tanker\u016f, projel z regionu Al-D\u017eaz\u00edra p\u0159es neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echod Al-Walid do Ir\u00e1ku pod dozorem Kurd\u016f ze Syrsk\u00fdch demokratick\u00fdch sil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mnoho arabsk\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch a klanov\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed S\u00fdrii se ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ipojilo k protiamerick\u00fdm protest\u016fm, jejich\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 byli zabiti kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm politick\u00fdm n\u00e1zor\u016fm a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed proti nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 okupaci jejich zem\u011b americk\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky a jejich kurdsk\u00fdmi spojenci.\u00a0D\u0159\u00edve kurdsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed s\u00edly z Asayish a americk\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby spole\u010dn\u011b provedly razie v guvernor\u00e1tu Deir ez-Zor.\u00a0V\u00edce ne\u017e 100 obyvatel a z\u00e1stupc\u016f arabsk\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch sdru\u017een\u00ed bylo tehdy zat\u010deno pro podez\u0159en\u00ed z organizov\u00e1n\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed na podporu vl\u00e1dy Ba\u0161\u00e1ra Asada.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za uveden\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed je m\u00edr v S\u00fdrii st\u00e1le k\u0159eh\u010d\u00ed a ka\u017edou chv\u00edli m\u016f\u017ee v t\u00e9to zemi vypuknout nov\u00fd ozbrojen\u00fd konflikt.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Situace v S\u00fdrii se m\u016f\u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch dnech v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zhor\u0161it kv\u016fli n\u011bkolika faktor\u016fm. Na severu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5921,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[220,147,55,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5920"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5920"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5920\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}