{"id":59000,"date":"2024-08-01T00:32:55","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T22:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=59000"},"modified":"2024-07-31T15:28:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T13:28:36","slug":"thomas-roper-duvod-nepokoju-ve-venezuele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/08\/01\/thomas-roper-duvod-nepokoju-ve-venezuele\/","title":{"rendered":"Thomas R\u00f6per: D\u016fvod nepokoj\u016f ve Venezuele"},"content":{"rendered":"
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USA se ve Venezuele zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o bohat\u00e9 z\u00e1soby ropy zem\u011b, proto u\u017e p\u0159es 20 let bojuj\u00ed s venezuelskou vl\u00e1dou. A jde tak\u00e9 o \u00fazemn\u00ed spor, ve kter\u00e9m m\u00e1 americk\u00e1 ropn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost ExxonMobil hodn\u011b co ztratit.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

O \u00fazemn\u00edm sporu mezi Venezuelou a sousedn\u00ed Guyanou jsem informoval v prosinci 2023, pokud m\u00e1te z\u00e1jem, podrobnosti si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst\u00a0<\/span>zde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o oblast z\u00e1padn\u011b od \u0159eky Essequibo, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti pat\u0159\u00ed Guyan\u011b, ale n\u00e1rokuje si ji Venezuela, proto\u017ee zem\u011b o tuto oblast bojuj\u00ed ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 200 let.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spor za\u010dal v roce 1831, kdy se Venezuela stala suver\u00e9nn\u00edm st\u00e1tem. Sporn\u00e1 oblast byla pot\u00e9 pod kontrolou britsk\u00e9 koruny. V roce 1897 strany p\u0159evedly jurisdikci sporu na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soud v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei slo\u017een\u00fd z rozhodc\u016f ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. V rozsudku z roku 1899 soud odep\u0159el Brit\u00e1nii pr\u00e1vo na povod\u00ed \u0159eky Orinoco, kter\u00e9 si Venezuela ponechala, a Britsk\u00e1 Guyana z\u00edskala v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procent siln\u011b zalesn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u016fdy mezi \u0159ekami Orinoco a Essekibo.<\/span><\/p>\n

V 60. letech Venezuela prohl\u00e1sila dekret z roku 1899 za \u201eneplatn\u00fd\u201c kv\u016fli mo\u017en\u00fdm procesn\u00edm chyb\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se objevily a\u017e o desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji. V roce 1966 se Guyana osamostatnila od Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a podepsala s Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed a Venezuelou \u017denevskou \u00famluvu o pot\u0159eb\u011b m\u00edrov\u00e9ho urovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00edho sporu, kter\u00fd se dosud nepoda\u0159ilo nal\u00e9zt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olej, olej, olej<\/span><\/h3>\n

Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee se v oblasti na\u0161lo hodn\u011b ropy, a proto by americk\u00e1 ropn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost ExxonMobil mohla b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edjemcem nepokoj\u016f ve Venezuele, kter\u00e9 za\u010daly po prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch. Alexander Stepanov, vojensk\u00fd expert, programov\u00fd \u0159editel Akademie politick\u00fdch v\u011bd a vedouc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Latinskoamerick\u00e9ho institutu Rusk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd, vysv\u011btlil sou\u010dasnou situaci\u00a0<\/span>rusk\u00e9 tiskov\u00e9 agentu\u0159e TASS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eKdo se chce zbavit Nicolase Madura? Zde mus\u00edte apelovat na logiku, kdo z toho m\u00e1 prosp\u011bch. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjemcem je gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel ExxonMobil Darren Woods. \u201eAmerick\u00fd ExxonMobil prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm korup\u010dn\u00edch napojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 lobbing, z\u00edskal ropn\u00e9 koncese od vl\u00e1dy Guyany na sporn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00f3ny Essequibo, kterou Venezuela ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uznala za sv\u016fj 24. feder\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1t od roku 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n

Guyana je pro USA atraktivn\u00ed kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm z\u00e1sob\u00e1m ropy, kter\u00e9 byly prozkoum\u00e1ny ji\u017e v roce 2015. V s\u00e1zce je v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 vysoce kvalitn\u00edch pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch pol\u00ed, p\u0159ipomn\u011bl Stepanov. Celkov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby ropy v t\u00e9to oblasti se odhaduj\u00ed na jeden\u00e1ct miliard barel\u016f. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se rozv\u00edjej\u00ed t\u0159i velk\u00e9 obory, vysv\u011btlil. Podle progn\u00f3z tam lze do roku 2027 dos\u00e1hnout objemu t\u011b\u017eby 1,2 milionu barel\u016f ropy denn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro ExxonMobil je to hodn\u011b pen\u011bz, vysv\u011btlil Stepanow:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eExxonMobil, kter\u00fd objeven\u00e1 pole rozv\u00edj\u00ed, tam bude t\u011b\u017eit 800 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b u\u017e v roce 2025. Spole\u010dnost pl\u00e1nuje investovat 20 a\u017e 25 miliard USD ro\u010dn\u011b do roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed infrastruktury do roku 2027.<\/em><\/p>\n

Stepanov tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee v roce 2023 Madurova vl\u00e1da zah\u00e1jila aktivn\u00ed f\u00e1zi pr\u00e1vn\u00edho n\u00e1vratu Essequiba pod venezuelskou kontrolu. Pokud by oblast podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va p\u0159ipadla Venezuele, byly by ohro\u017eeny v\u00fdrobn\u00ed licence ExxonMobilu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Venezuela za Madura chce nav\u00edc opustit americk\u00fd dolar v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodu a v srpnu 2023 Venezuela podala ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost o vstup do BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA maj\u00ed mnoho d\u016fvod\u016f zakro\u010dit proti Madurovi, proto\u017ee k tomu p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed ropn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby Venezuely, o kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem i americk\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Venezuela je jednou ze zem\u00ed s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1sobami ropy na sv\u011bt\u011b. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu poskytly USA venezuelsk\u00e9 opozici nemal\u00e9 pen\u00edze a dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159ipravovaly kampa\u0148 o \u00fadajn\u00fdch volebn\u00edch podvodech, o jejich\u017e podrobnostech jsem\u00a0<\/span>informoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159edev\u010d\u00edrem .<\/span><\/p>\n

Nepokoje ve Venezuele<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nepokoje vypukly ve Venezuele po ned\u011bln\u00edch volb\u00e1ch, kdy\u017e opozice ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 USA obvinila vl\u00e1du z volebn\u00edho podvodu. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u0161e, co mohou, aby podpo\u0159ila toto obvin\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 velmi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 rok 2019, kdy Z\u00e1pad veden\u00fd USA hr\u00e1l p\u0159esn\u011b stejnou hru s v\u016fdcem pu\u010de Guaid\u00f3 ve Venezuele.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u00fater\u00fd bylo p\u0159i n\u00e1siln\u00fdch nepokoj\u00edch zran\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 voj\u00e1k\u016f, uvedl venezuelsk\u00fd ministr obrany, kter\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>tak\u00e9 \u0159ekl, \u017ee<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vl\u00e1da nep\u0159ipust\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed z let 2014, 2017 a 2019, kdy k podobn\u00fdm incident\u016fm v zemi do\u0161lo protesty podporovan\u00e9 USA m\u011bly za n\u00e1sledek smrt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Venezuelsk\u00fd gener\u00e1ln\u00ed prokur\u00e1tor\u00a0<\/span>ozn\u00e1mil 749 zat\u010den\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kv\u016fli n\u00e1siln\u00fdm protest\u016fm. Zat\u010den\u00ed jsou podle n\u011bj obvin\u011bni nejen z ni\u010den\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho majetku, ale tak\u00e9 z \u201eterorismu a podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k nen\u00e1visti\u201c. P\u0159i nepokoj\u00edch podle n\u011bj zahynul i voj\u00e1k.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm to nevypad\u00e1, \u017ee by venezuelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da dok\u00e1zala zabr\u00e1nit opakov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed z let 2014, 2017 a 2019, proto\u017ee sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 je v\u017edy stejn\u00fd. Je v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zkou, zda se USA tentokr\u00e1t poda\u0159\u00ed Madura svrhnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

USA se ve Venezuele zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o bohat\u00e9 z\u00e1soby ropy zem\u011b, proto u\u017e p\u0159es 20…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":59001,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1503,3227,37,181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59000"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59000"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59000\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}