{"id":58441,"date":"2024-07-24T00:39:09","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T22:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=58441"},"modified":"2024-07-23T17:40:21","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T15:40:21","slug":"zbynek-fiala-demokracie-podle-demokratu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/24\/zbynek-fiala-demokracie-podle-demokratu\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Demokracie podle Demokrat\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00edsto po Bidenovi je t\u0159eba zaplnit. Kdo v\u0161echno do toho m\u016f\u017ee mluvit?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na nomina\u010dn\u00ed konferenci Demokrat\u016f, kter\u00e1 je svol\u00e1na na 19. srpna do Chicaga, aby vybrala nov\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta na prezidenta, P\u0159ijede 3\u00a0896 deleg\u00e1t\u016f plus 739 superdeleg\u00e1t\u016f a v\u00edt\u011bz pot\u0159ebuje v\u011bt\u0161inu. Deleg\u00e1ti jsou voleni, superdeleg\u00e1ti jsou jmenov\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n

Pravidla pro v\u00fdb\u011br deleg\u00e1t\u016f jsou v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b trochu odli\u0161n\u00e1, ale to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed jedno. M\u011bli by jen potvrdit, koho vynesly prim\u00e1rky na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto.\u00a0 Z\u00e1kony jin\u00fdmi slovy po\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby deleg\u00e1ti respektovali p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed voli\u010d\u016f ve sv\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b. Jen\u017ee Joe Biden, kter\u00fd vyhr\u00e1l v\u00a0prim\u00e1rk\u00e1ch, te\u010f odstoupil, a tak nikdo nev\u00ed, jak\u00fd je p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1zor voli\u010d\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n

Povinnost\u00ed respektovat v\u00fdsledky prim\u00e1rek jsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ni jen volen\u00ed deleg\u00e1ti. Zato on\u011bch asi 15 procent nevolen\u00fdch superdeleg\u00e1t\u016f m\u016f\u017ee hlasovat hned od za\u010d\u00e1tku podle vlastn\u00edho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed. Biden te\u010f doporu\u010dil, aby za kandid\u00e1tku Demokratick\u00e9 strany do prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb byla jmenov\u00e1na viceprezidentka Kamala Harrisov\u00e1. Ale je to jen doporu\u010den\u00ed a Biden u\u017e je politicky mrtv\u00fd mu\u017e.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd volebn\u00ed proces \u0159\u00edd\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor Demokrat\u016f (DNC), jak\u00fdsi \u00daV, a superdeleg\u00e1ty m\u00e1 v\u00a0jist\u00e9m smyslu k ruce. Tvo\u0159\u00ed je v\u00fdznamn\u00ed volen\u00ed funkcion\u00e1\u0159i, vedle \u010dlen\u016f DNC tak\u00e9 guvern\u00e9\u0159i za Demokratickou stranu nebo p\u0159edsedov\u00e9 a m\u00edstop\u0159edsedov\u00e9 organizac\u00ed v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed demokrati\u010dt\u00ed poslanci a sen\u00e1to\u0159i a st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed i minul\u00ed demokrati\u010dn\u00ed prezidenti a viceprezidenti. \u010c\u00e1st superdeleg\u00e1t\u016f je jmenov\u00e1na DNC z\u00a0\u0159ad odbor\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch funkcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, ale t\u0159eba taky nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1rc\u016f do volebn\u00edch fond\u016f.<\/p>\n

DNC by jist\u011b r\u00e1d nav\u00e1zal na n\u011bco, co u\u017e se v\u00a0minulosti stalo, ale tady se nem\u00e1 \u010deho chytit. Ano, byli prezidenti, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodli, \u017ee nebudou kandidovat v\u00a0druh\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. T\u0159eba Lyndon B. Johnson, p\u0159esto\u017ee byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku mil\u00e1\u010dkem ob\u010dan\u016f. Pot\u00e9, co roku 1963 postoupil do B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu z\u00a0pozice viceprezidenta po zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9m J. F. Kennedym, byl v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch 1964 zvolen nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159evahou demokratick\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f v\u00a0historii.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee potom p\u0159i\u0161ly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u010dasy. Musel \u010delil obrovsk\u00fdm tlak\u016fm \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, stejn\u011b tak studentsk\u00fdm protest\u016fm proti vietnamsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, do kter\u00e9 se nechal zat\u00e1hnout. Za jeho vl\u00e1dy byli usmrceni atent\u00e1tem Robert Kennedy nebo \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fd v\u016fdce Martin Luther King. V\u00a0o\u010d\u00edch vlastn\u00edch voli\u010d\u016f se tak Johnson zm\u011bnil ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele, a nebylo mu nic platn\u00e9, \u017ee se zapsal do historie jako prezident, kter\u00fd v USA obnovil soci\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1t a p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil zemi osv\u00edcen\u011bj\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00fdm norm\u00e1m. Nakonec druh\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed odp\u00edskal, ale ud\u011blal to u\u017e v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 1968, na sam\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku prim\u00e1rek. Ty tedy mohly prob\u011bhnout s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi kandid\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

Bidenovo v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed vehnalo zemi na nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Je nepsan\u00fdm pravidlem, \u017ee proti prezidentovi v\u00a0\u00fa\u0159ad\u011b nikdo nekandiduje. Biden vyhr\u00e1l 99 procent jen proto, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed kandid\u00e1tu nedostali mo\u017enost p\u0159edstoupit p\u0159ed voli\u010de.<\/p>\n

Ani veden\u00ed strany si to moc neuleh\u010dilo, kdy\u017e se v\u00a0minul\u00fdch t\u00fddnech pokou\u0161elo prosadit nominaci Joe Bidena kandid\u00e1tem je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed nomina\u010dn\u00edm sjezdem. Prost\u011b by se na tom stranick\u00e1 vrchnost dohodla a \u010dlenstvu by se to ozn\u00e1milo. T\u00edm by se p\u0159ede\u0161lo debat\u00e1m, jestli na to Biden je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e1. Panovaly dohady, zda je to leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale ty by mohly p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat dlouho, zat\u00edmco rozhodnut\u00ed u\u017e by neslo praktick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee DNC se pokus\u00ed s\u00a0Harrisovou o n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Zpravodajsk\u00e1 televize CBS News p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, jak to fungovalo roku 2016, kdy se v prim\u00e1rk\u00e1ch rozhodovalo mezi Bernie Sandersem a Hillary Clintonovou. Sanders m\u011bl na sv\u00e9 stran\u011b jasnou p\u0159evahu volen\u00fdch deleg\u00e1t\u016f, ale jen 19 superdeleg\u00e1t\u016f, zat\u00edmco za Clintonovou jich st\u00e1lo 451. Sanderse p\u0159ev\u00e1lcovali, i kdy\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0prvn\u00edch prim\u00e1rk\u00e1ch v\u00a0New Hampshire m\u011bl nad Clintonovou navrch zdrcuj\u00edc\u00edch 22 procent.<\/p>\n

Jak u\u017e jsme uvedli, volen\u00ed deleg\u00e1ti jsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ni v\u00fdsledkem prim\u00e1rek a stranick\u00fdch konferenc\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b. Nevolen\u00ed superdeleg\u00e1ti tuto povinnost nemaj\u00ed, ale brut\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1sahy jako byly ty s\u00a0Clintonovou nakonec vedly ke zm\u011bn\u011b pravidel, kdy jsou p\u0159izv\u00e1ni a\u017e v situaci, kdyby prvn\u00ed kolo nominace skon\u010dilo bezv\u00fdsledn\u011b.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0kucha\u0159ce o n\u00e1rodn\u00edch nomina\u010dn\u00edch konferenc\u00edch, kterou najdeme na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, je pops\u00e1n onen \u201ev\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad\u201c, kdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z kandid\u00e1t\u016f strany nem\u00e1 na konferenci v\u011bt\u0161inu. Ta je pak pova\u017eov\u00e1na za otev\u0159enou. I tak v\u0161ak volen\u00ed deleg\u00e1ti mus\u00ed v prvn\u00edm kole hlasovat pro kandid\u00e1ta, kter\u00fd jim byl p\u0159id\u011blen na za\u010d\u00e1tku sjezdu. Jen\u017ee tenhle kandid\u00e1t, Joe Biden, u\u017e tam nebude. A k\u00a0ni\u010demu nebude ani pravidlo, \u017ee superdeleg\u00e1ti nemohou hlasovat v prvn\u00edm kole. Najednou jsme v\u00a0situaci, kdy neplat\u00ed v\u016fbec nic.<\/p>\n

Objevily n\u00e1vrhy, aby znovu prob\u011bhly jak\u00e9si zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9 prim\u00e1rky, kter\u00e9 by se odehr\u00e1valy formou televizn\u00edch debat. Nov\u00ed kandid\u00e1ti by se mohli ve zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dase aspo\u0148 p\u0159edstavit. V\u0161echna m\u00e9dia se tak\u00e9 pustila do anket mezi deleg\u00e1ty, co se od nich d\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1vat. Deleg\u00e1ti \u010dasto opakuj\u00ed, \u017ee se budou dr\u017eet doporu\u010den\u00ed sv\u00fdch \u0161\u00e9f\u016f ze stranick\u00e9 organizace v\u00a0dan\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jak je vid\u011bt, americk\u00e9 volby prezidenta vypadaj\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9, ale jsou velmi, velmi nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdsledek, jak v\u00a0prim\u00e1rk\u00e1ch, tak v\u00a0samotn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, je zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n deleg\u00e1ty a voliteli. Deleg\u00e1ti maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Volitel\u00e9 z\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f se mohou rozhodnout jinak. Zkr\u00e1tka. je to pod kontrolou.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00edsto po Bidenovi je t\u0159eba zaplnit. Kdo v\u0161echno do toho m\u016f\u017ee mluvit?\u00a0 Na nomina\u010dn\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40577,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[169,1503,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58441"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58441"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58441\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}