{"id":58313,"date":"2024-07-22T00:28:12","date_gmt":"2024-07-21T22:28:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=58313"},"modified":"2024-07-22T04:28:04","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T02:28:04","slug":"lucas-leiroz-ukrajinsky-jazyk-odmitnuty-detmi-v-regionech-s-ruskou-vetsinou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/22\/lucas-leiroz-ukrajinsky-jazyk-odmitnuty-detmi-v-regionech-s-ruskou-vetsinou\/","title":{"rendered":"Lucas Leiroz: Ukrajinsk\u00fd jazyk odm\u00edtnut\u00fd d\u011btmi v regionech s ruskou v\u011bt\u0161inou"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee nucen\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho jazyka v regionech s neukrajinskou etnickou v\u011bt\u0161inou selh\u00e1v\u00e1. Podle zpr\u00e1vy, kterou ned\u00e1vno zve\u0159ejnila kyjevsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, do\u0161lo k poklesu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho jazyka ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch v zemi. P\u0159\u00edpad jasn\u011b ukazuje, jak navzdory pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly a n\u00e1sil\u00ed bude m\u00edt neonacistick\u00fd re\u017eim velk\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee s prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed agendy v odlehl\u00fdch oblastech zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2014 bylo ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ru\u0161tiny a dal\u0161\u00edch neukrajinsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezeno. Derusifika\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed byla d\u00e1le zintenzivn\u011bna po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 operace, kdy kyjevsk\u00fd re\u017eim dostal od z\u00e1padn\u00edch sponzor\u016f \u201ecarte blanche\u201c ke sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zlo\u010din\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b etnick\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed genocidy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e do\u0161lo k t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u00e9mu z\u00e1kazu rusk\u00fd jazyk a literatura od t\u00e9 doby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory snah\u00e1m o vym\u00fdcen\u00ed kulturn\u00ed a jazykov\u00e9 identity etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f v\u0161ak v cel\u00e9 zemi roste odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho jazyka. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>pr\u016fzkum<\/span><\/a>\u00a0St\u00e1tn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro kvalitu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee v akademick\u00e9m roce 2023\/2024 pouze 74 % student\u016f uvedlo, \u017ee jejich mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem je ukrajin\u0161tina. V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce to bylo 91 %, co\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu po\u010dtu d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se identifikuj\u00ed jako rodil\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed ukrajin\u0161tiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc se kapka neomezuje pouze na d\u011bti. Podobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje byly zji\u0161t\u011bny tak\u00e9 v pr\u016fzkumech mezi rodi\u010di (93 % ku 82 %) a u\u010diteli (94 % ku 86 %). V praxi je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k masivn\u00edmu poklesu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho jazyka, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ve\u0161ker\u00e9 snahy neonacistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy o asimilaci ostatn\u00edch etnick\u00fdch skupin selhaly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>statistiky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 40 % d\u011bt\u00ed v zemi pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdhradn\u011b ukrajin\u0161tinu ve sv\u00fdch neform\u00e1ln\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00edsla se p\u0159irozen\u011b li\u0161\u00ed podle geografie Ukrajiny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00edce ukrajinsky mluv\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed je v z\u00e1padn\u00edch oblastech, kde je m\u00e9n\u011b etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f. Na v\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b mluv\u00ed ukrajinsky asi 17 % d\u011bt\u00ed, na z\u00e1pad\u011b t\u00edmto jazykem mluv\u00ed asi 74 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee krom\u011b ru\u0161tiny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v zemi etnick\u00e9 men\u0161iny, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 trp\u00ed dopady politik kulturn\u00ed genocidy, dal\u0161\u00ed neukrajinsk\u00e9 jazyky. To je nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edpad ma\u010far\u0161tiny, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v Zakarpatsk\u00e9 oblasti, kde v sou\u010dasnosti Ma\u010fa\u0159i \u017eij\u00ed v podobn\u00e9 situaci jako Rusov\u00e9 na Donbasu a jsou ob\u011b\u0165mi opat\u0159en\u00ed podobn\u00fdch apartheidu. P\u0159es ve\u0161kerou perzekuci se v\u0161ak tyto etnick\u00e9 men\u0161iny odm\u00edtaj\u00ed vzd\u00e1t sv\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed identity a nad\u00e1le mluv\u00ed sv\u00fdmi jazyky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 na Ukrajin\u011b ji\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci o\u010dek\u00e1vali. Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed etnick\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch \u010distek nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9. Lid\u00e9, kter\u00fdch se opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00ed, maj\u00ed tendenci reagovat t\u00edm, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u016fj jazyk je\u0161t\u011b intenzivn\u011bji, jako akt politick\u00e9ho aktivismu za \u00fa\u010delem zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Uprost\u0159ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 konfliktn\u00ed situace vid\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 rodiny na Ukrajin\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho rodn\u00e9ho jazyka jako posledn\u00ed \u0161anci na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 identity uprost\u0159ed rusofobn\u00edho \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady vnutit v\u0161em ob\u010dan\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sociologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 vysv\u011btluj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho jazyka. \u00da\u0159ady nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak sledovat, jak\u00fd jazyk se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i neform\u00e1ln\u00edch a rodinn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch. Etni\u010dt\u00ed ru\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u016fj rodn\u00fd jazyk k neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed dru\u017enosti, odm\u00edtaj\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fd jazyk b\u011bhem neform\u00e1ln\u00edch rozhovor\u016f v n\u00e1kupn\u00edch centrech, v kostelech a na dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech.<\/span><\/p>\n

S odhalen\u00fdmi \u00fadaji z pr\u016fzkumu je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Kyjev od nyn\u011bj\u0161ka je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zp\u0159\u00edsn\u00ed represivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti rusky mluv\u00edc\u00edm osob\u00e1m. \u00dapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz tohoto jazyka v cel\u00e9 zemi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f neonacistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. S v\u011bdom\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00ed dosavadn\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed zes\u00edl\u00ed v akt zoufalstv\u00ed, aby byla kulturn\u00ed genocida \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e1koli akce v tomto sm\u011bru v\u0161ak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sel\u017ee. Kyjev jen d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, polarizuje Rusy a Ukrajince v zemi a vyvol\u00e1 krizi nestability, kter\u00e1 by mohla v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ovlivnit mobiliza\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny re\u017eimu b\u011bhem t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky. Zni\u010den\u00ed etnick\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed identity nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 a Kyjevu se to rozhodn\u011b nepoda\u0159\u00ed, vzhledem k neschopnosti sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu udr\u017eet plnou kontrolu nad d\u011bn\u00edm v zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lucas Leiroz<\/a>, \u010dlen Asociace novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f BRICS, v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Centra geostrategick\u00fdch studi\u00ed, vojensk\u00fd expert<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lucase m\u016f\u017eete sledovat na\u00a0X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter)<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0Telegramu<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee nucen\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho jazyka v regionech s neukrajinskou etnickou v\u011bt\u0161inou selh\u00e1v\u00e1. Podle…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[245,114,1727,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58313"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58313\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}