{"id":58137,"date":"2024-07-20T00:44:57","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T22:44:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=58137"},"modified":"2024-07-19T16:54:44","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T14:54:44","slug":"uz-zadne-vnejsi-zasahy-a-akce-ke-zmene-rezimu-odvazte-se-byt-vice-izolovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/20\/uz-zadne-vnejsi-zasahy-a-akce-ke-zmene-rezimu-odvazte-se-byt-vice-izolovani\/","title":{"rendered":"U\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sahy a akce ke zm\u011bn\u011b re\u017eimu: odva\u017ete se b\u00fdt v\u00edce izolovan\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Jednostrann\u00e9 vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nikomu nepom\u00e1h\u00e1 a zm\u011bny re\u017eimu iniciovan\u00e9 zven\u010d\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou situaci jen zhor\u0161\u00ed. Kolektivn\u00ed hodnoty Z\u00e1padu tak\u00e9 odcizuj\u00ed \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00ed jih\u201c. Pos\u00edlen\u00ed a reforma Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, pokud jde o intervence, by sta\u010dila k prosazen\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed st\u00e1ty si vytvo\u0159ily zvyk zasahovat po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a vm\u011b\u0161ovat se do z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco v minulosti \u0161lo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, dnes dominuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed politick\u00fdch a sociokulturn\u00edch z\u00f3n vlivu. Samotn\u00e9 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty\u00a0provedly<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0v letech 1946 a\u017e 2000 nejm\u00e9n\u011b 81 zjevn\u00fdch a skryt\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f do zahrani\u010dn\u00edch voleb\u00a0.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Francie a Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie byly tak\u00e9 nad\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch b\u00fdval\u00fdch koloni\u00edch. Postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 Rusko se po p\u00e1du Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu omezilo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1stupnick\u00fdch republik (Ukrajina, Moldavsko, Gruzie), ale do v\u00e1lky tam zas\u00e1hlo nap\u0159\u00edklad i na \u017e\u00e1dost syrsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto se vyno\u0159uje ur\u010dit\u00fd obr\u00e1zek. Zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 zem\u011b se prim\u00e1rn\u011b anga\u017euj\u00ed v jejich bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm sousedstv\u00ed (nap\u0159. intervence \u00cdr\u00e1nu, Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie a Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1t\u016f v Jemenu), kolektivn\u00ed hodnotov\u00fd Z\u00e1pad v \u010dele se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty p\u016fsob\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u011b. Po 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do\u0161lo nap\u0159\u00edklad k invaz\u00edm v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu a Ir\u00e1ku, v d\u016fsledku \u010deho\u017e byly tamn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy svr\u017eeny a nahrazeny. Ale zat\u00edmco T\u00e1lib\u00e1n je nyn\u00ed v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu op\u011bt u moci (a siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159edt\u00edm), v Ir\u00e1ku po chaosu IS dominuj\u00ed \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 (a pro\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9) frakce. Kdy\u017e NATO v roce 2011 zas\u00e1hlo do libyjsk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a svrhlo hlavu st\u00e1tu Muammara al-Kadd\u00e1f\u00edho, zp\u016fsobilo to tot\u00e1ln\u00ed destabilizaci severoafrick\u00e9 zem\u011b. A podpora hnut\u00ed Majdan na Ukrajin\u011b a proz\u00e1padn\u00ed pu\u010distick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy po svr\u017een\u00ed demokraticky legitimovan\u00e9ho prezidenta Viktora Janukovy\u010de vedla nejprve k odtr\u017een\u00ed Donbasu a za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Krymu do Rusk\u00e9 federace a nakonec k rusk\u00e9 invazi sousedn\u00ed st\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kamkoli se pod\u00edv\u00e1te, z\u00e1padn\u00ed vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle zp\u016fsobuje dal\u0161\u00ed chaos a vlekl\u00e9 konflikty. Uvalov\u00e1n\u00ed jednostrann\u00fdch sank\u010dn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f v\u016f\u010di jin\u00fdm zem\u00edm obvykle nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed efekty, jak ukazuje studie \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Efekty a efektivita mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch sankc\u00ed \u2013 sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Masivn\u00ed sankce proti Rusku po invazi na Ukrajinu vytvo\u0159ily hlubokou trhlinu mezi Z\u00e1padem a Moskvou, ale nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta si vede\u00a0<\/span>ekonomicky l\u00e9pe ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. I kdy\u017e s t\u00edm p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky z\u00e1padn\u00edch intervenc\u00ed pro Evropu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u0161ak negativn\u00ed dopady i v Evrop\u011b. P\u00e1d Kadd\u00e1f\u00edho v Libyi otev\u0159el zemi migra\u010dn\u00edm tok\u016fm z Afriky do Evropy. Kdy\u017e americk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby podporovaly radik\u00e1ln\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 s\u00edly ve snaze svrhnout prezidenta Ba\u0161\u00e1ra al-Asada b\u011bhem \u201earabsk\u00e9ho jara\u201c, vedlo to k \u00fat\u011bku milion\u016f lid\u00ed \u2013 mnoz\u00ed z nich zam\u00ed\u0159ili do Evropy.\u00a0<\/span>Absolutn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch migrant\u016f za posledn\u00ed dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed je v\u00fdsledkem takov\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch intervenc\u00ed a destabiliza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V Africe se nyn\u00ed v politick\u00e9m veden\u00ed etablovala \u201eantikolonialistick\u00e1\u201c hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 cht\u011bj\u00ed ur\u010dovat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vztahy se Z\u00e1padem. Mali, Niger a Burkina Faso \u2013 v\u0161echny b\u00fdval\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 kolonie \u2013 mimo jin\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>zalo\u017eily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vlastn\u00ed protifrancouzskou a protiamerickou alianci. Alliance des \u00c9tats du Sahel (AES). T\u00edm tak\u00e9 opustili ECOWAS, kter\u00e9 je st\u00e1le pod kontrolou b\u00fdval\u00fdch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u00e1n\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z argument\u016f bylo, \u017ee Evropan\u00e9 si jen cht\u011bli udr\u017eet kontrolu nad surovinami (uran, zlato, ropa atd.) a migra\u010dn\u00edmi toky.\u00a0<\/span>D\u00e1 se v\u0161ak o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee Washington a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e vyvinou \u00fasil\u00ed, aby tam znovu nastolily vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 obavy, \u017ee tyto st\u00e1ty budou t\u011bsn\u011bji nav\u00e1z\u00e1ny na Rusko a \u010c\u00ednu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale vzd\u00e1lenost od z\u00e1padu hodnot veden\u00e9ho Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty se zvy\u0161uje i v jin\u00fdch oblastech sv\u011bta. Komunita BRICS se rozr\u016fst\u00e1 o nov\u00e9 \u010dleny, st\u00e1ty ASEAN uva\u017euj\u00ed o z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed alternativn\u00edch platebn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f na ochranu p\u0159ed z\u00e1padn\u00edmi sankcemi a st\u00e1le v\u00edce zem\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u00fdch zlat\u00fdch rezerv z Lond\u00fdna a New Yorku.\u00a0<\/span>\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce Z\u00e1pad zasahuje, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a vyv\u00edj\u00ed tlak, t\u00edm s\u00edl\u00ed odpor. Ve st\u00e1le v\u00edce multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed vliv ne\u00faprosn\u011b kles\u00e1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jin\u00e9 zem\u011b jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby<\/span><\/h3>\n

O to d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed by bylo zam\u011b\u0159it se v\u00edce geopoliticky na izolacionismus a ukon\u010dit intervencionismus. Z\u00e1pad nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u0161el\u00e9k na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f a v\u0161echny jeho jednostrann\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy \u010dasto situaci jen zhor\u0161uj\u00ed. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my vy\u017eaduj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u2013 a tedy i spolupr\u00e1ci st\u00e1t\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jednostrann\u00e9 sankce jsou stejn\u011b kontraproduktivn\u00ed jako vojensk\u00e9 intervence nebo opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b re\u017eimu. A co v\u00edc, kolektivn\u00ed hodnoty Z\u00e1padu mus\u00ed pochopit, \u017ee jeho vlastn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed imperialistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup je prost\u011b zastaral\u00fd. Jin\u00e9 zem\u011b jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby.\u00a0<\/span>Stejn\u011b jako my nechceme m\u00edt v na\u0161\u00ed zemi isl\u00e1m z doby kamenn\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vo \u0161ar\u00eda, lid\u00e9 v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch necht\u011bj\u00ed, aby jim byly vnucov\u00e1ny z\u00e1padn\u00ed hodnoty a mor\u00e1lka (kter\u00e9 jsou jim ciz\u00ed).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Izolacionismus tak\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 projevovat \u00factu k jin\u00fdm zem\u00edm a kultur\u00e1m. Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fazce spolupracuj\u00ed t\u0159i zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, Rusko, \u010c\u00edna a \u00cdr\u00e1n, funguje to, proto\u017ee si vz\u00e1jemn\u011b nezasahuj\u00ed do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Podobn\u00e9 je to s komunitou BRICS. Ale nap\u0159\u00edklad EU je zalo\u017eena na ur\u010dit\u00e9m souboru hodnot \u2013 a ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo to poru\u0161\u00ed (jako Viktor Orban a jeho setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Vladimirem Putinem, Si \u0164in-pchingem a Donaldem Trumpem), je komunitou ostrakizov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu izolacionismus neznamen\u00e1 p\u00e1len\u00ed most\u016f se sv\u011btem. Jde o to soust\u0159edit se na blaho vlastn\u00ed zem\u011b (\u010di vlastn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f, nap\u0159. Evropsk\u00e9 unie), udr\u017eovat co nejlep\u0161\u00ed a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 vztahy s ostatn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi a umo\u017enit respektuj\u00edc\u00ed \u201esou\u017eit\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Alespo\u0148 tam, kde \u201espolu\u201c nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. A tam, kde jsou probl\u00e9my, mus\u00ed existovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mechanismus, kter\u00fd bude respektovat naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed. A pokud jde o reformovanou instituci Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnily. Proto\u017ee v\u011bci u\u017e nemohou pokra\u010dovat tak, jak byly n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koment\u00e1\u0159 Heinze Steinera
\n<\/em><\/strong>\u00davodn\u00ed o<\/em>br\u00e1zek: Designeralif \/ freepik<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jednostrann\u00e9 vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nikomu nepom\u00e1h\u00e1 a zm\u011bny re\u017eimu iniciovan\u00e9 zven\u010d\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou situaci jen zhor\u0161\u00ed. Kolektivn\u00ed hodnoty…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":58138,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[279,276,365,6244],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58137"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58137"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58137\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}