{"id":57657,"date":"2024-07-13T00:41:11","date_gmt":"2024-07-12T22:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=57657"},"modified":"2024-07-12T15:55:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-12T13:55:47","slug":"podzemni-odpor-role-tunelu-ve-vojenskych-operacich-hizballahu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/13\/podzemni-odpor-role-tunelu-ve-vojenskych-operacich-hizballahu\/","title":{"rendered":"Podzemn\u00ed odpor: Role tunel\u016f ve vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00edch Hizball\u00e1hu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 tunel\u016f Hizball\u00e1hu z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost ve sv\u011btle hroz\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lky s Izraelem. I kdy\u017e je jejich sou\u010dasn\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 hodnota nejist\u00e1, podzemn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou takticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee poskytuj\u00ed opevn\u011bn\u00e9 pozice, skryt\u00fd pohyb a odpor nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm sil\u00e1m.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V roce 2018 zah\u00e1jila izraelsk\u00e1 okupa\u010dn\u00ed arm\u00e1da \u201eOperaci Severn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edt\u201c s c\u00edlem odhalit a zni\u010dit tunely Hizball\u00e1hu pod\u00e9l libanonsk\u00fdch hranic, podzemn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, o kter\u00e9 gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Hizball\u00e1hu Hassan Nasrall\u00e1h \u0159ekl, \u017ee byla vybudov\u00e1na v 90. letech a pozd\u011bji opu\u0161t\u011bna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zku\u0161enosti palestinsk\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed kopali tunely v ji\u017en\u00edm Libanonu p\u0159ed izraelskou invaz\u00ed v roce 1982, prosp\u011bly Hizball\u00e1hu\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159i stavb\u011b tunel\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Libanonsk\u00fd odboj za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat tunely kr\u00e1tce po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed vlastn\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed proti okupa\u010dn\u00edmu st\u00e1tu v 90. letech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va izraelsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho centra ALMA z\u00a0roku 2021 ukazuje\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee Hizball\u00e1h vybudoval \u010detn\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed tunely nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Libanonem, v\u010detn\u011b jihu zem\u011b, \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Bejr\u00fatu a \u00fadol\u00ed Bekaa. Francouzsk\u00fd list\u00a0<\/span>Liberation\u00a0<\/span><\/em>uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee s\u00ed\u0165 tunel\u016f Hizball\u00e1hu je pozoruhodn\u011b sofistikovan\u00e1, t\u00e1hne se stovky kilometr\u016f a zasahuje i do S\u00fdrie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale dnes, kdy hrozba dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lky mezi Izraelem a Libanonem eskaluje, analytici o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli budouc\u00ed konflikt bude siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vojensko-technick\u00fdm pokrokem sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e bludi\u0161t\u011bm tunel\u016f, kter\u00e9 charakterizovaly p\u0159edchoz\u00ed st\u0159ety.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2023 Hizball\u00e1h odhaluje\u00a0<\/span>pokro\u010dil\u00e9 zbran\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0schopn\u00e9 sest\u0159elovat izraelsk\u00e9 drony a ni\u010dit izraelsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Nasrall\u00e1h tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nasadil jen zlomek sv\u00e9ho arzen\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Taktick\u00e1 a strategick\u00e1 hodnota<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco Nasrall\u00e1h \u010dasto zd\u016fraz\u0148uje pokro\u010dil\u00e9 zbran\u011b Hizball\u00e1hu, ml\u010d\u00ed o s\u00edt\u00edch tunel\u016f, kter\u00e9 Tel Aviv pova\u017euje za znepokojiv\u00e9. To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, zda tyto tunely maj\u00ed vzhledem k rychl\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji zbran\u00ed st\u00e1le strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako Dr. Andreas Krieg, odborn\u00fd asistent na King’s College London, \u0159ekl\u00a0<\/span>The Cradle<\/span><\/em>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tunely, kter\u00e9 Hizball\u00e1h vybudoval v ji\u017en\u00edm Libanonu za posledn\u00edch 15 let, maj\u00ed taktickou a opera\u010dn\u00ed, nikoli v\u0161ak strategickou hodnotu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zat\u00edmco syst\u00e9m tunel\u016f je t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm Hamasu v Gaze, syst\u00e9m tunel\u016f v ji\u017en\u00edm Libanonu je pouze multiplik\u00e1torem sil pro Hizball\u00e1h, co\u017e mu d\u00e1v\u00e1 vojenskou v\u00fdhodu nad p\u011bchotou IDF.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Krieg vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy tunel\u016f: nadzemn\u00ed tunely pro p\u0159epravu voj\u00e1k\u016f a materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze zni\u010dit ze vzduchu, a hlub\u0161\u00ed, betonem vyztu\u017een\u00e9 tunely, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako velitelsk\u00e1 centra a skladi\u0161t\u011b zbran\u00ed. Hlub\u0161\u00ed tunely, n\u011bkter\u00e9 a\u017e 60 metr\u016f pod zem\u00ed, jsou pro izraelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lety prakticky nepropustn\u00e9 a byly vybudov\u00e1ny s podporou Severn\u00ed Koreje a \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Domn\u00edv\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinnost izraelsk\u00fdch snah zni\u010dit tyto tunely z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, zda si Izrael dok\u00e1\u017ee udr\u017eet vzdu\u0161nou suverenitu, jako se to poda\u0159ilo v roce 2006.\u00a0<\/span>Pokroky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00a0technologii dron\u016f a antidron\u016f by v\u0161ak mohly tento \u00fakol zt\u00ed\u017eit. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch technologi\u00ed Hizball\u00e1hem k sest\u0159elen\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdch dron\u016f by mohlo vyv\u00e1\u017eit zpravodajsk\u00e9 schopnosti obou stran.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krieg se dnes domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee zni\u010den\u00ed tunel\u016f nebude hr\u00e1t rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli: \u201eProto\u017ee tunely nejsou pro Hizball\u00e1h tak strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jako pro Ham\u00e1s v p\u00e1smu Gazy, nen\u00ed zni\u010den\u00ed tunelov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro Hizball\u00e1h tak problematick\u00e9. .\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Slo\u017eit\u00e1 povaha tunel\u016f Hizball\u00e1hu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nicholas Blanford, americk\u00fd expert na vojensk\u00e9 operace Hizball\u00e1hu, \u0159ekl\u00a0<\/span>The Cradle,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u017ee \u201etunely z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pro Hizball\u00e1h velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, a\u0165 u\u017e jako p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed tunely nebo jako sou\u010d\u00e1st s\u00edt\u00ed tunel\u016f a bunkr\u016f, kter\u00e9 provozuje v ji\u017en\u00edm Libanonu a jinde\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed strategickou prioritou,“ pokra\u010doval Blanford. Blanford v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee tunely budou pou\u017eity k uskladn\u011bn\u00ed a ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed bojovn\u00edk\u016f a k infiltraci Izraele k \u00fatok\u016fm. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 tak\u00e9, \u017ee by Hizball\u00e1h mohl podle pot\u0159eby p\u0159ed\u011blat nebo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it tunely pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 taktick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/span><\/p>\n

Blanford zd\u016fraz\u0148uje strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam tunel\u016f pro vojenskou infrastrukturu Hizball\u00e1hu. I p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 implementaci\u00a0<\/span>rezoluce Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN \u010d. 1701<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je b\u00fdt prost\u0159edn\u00edkem mezi Libanonem a Izraelem a omezit vojensk\u00e9 aktivity Hizball\u00e1hu \u2013 zejm\u00e9na ji\u017en\u011b od \u0159eky Litani \u2013 by tunely st\u00e1le hr\u00e1ly kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mohly by nap\u0159\u00edklad umo\u017enit Hizball\u00e1hu detekovat a okam\u017eit\u011b za\u00fato\u010dit na izraelsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky nebo vozidla pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se sm\u011brem k pozici. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Hizball\u00e1h je st\u00e1le nasazen a\u017e k modr\u00e9 linii, kter\u00e1 ozna\u010duje hranici mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi, a m\u016f\u017ee reagovat na izraelsk\u00e9 pohyby v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/span><\/p>\n

To tak\u00e9 vrh\u00e1 nov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo na\u00a0<\/span>pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tlak USA na Hizball\u00e1h, aby st\u00e1hl sv\u00e9 s\u00edly alespo\u0148 osm kilometr\u016f od hranic. Pokud bude n\u00e1sledovat, v\u00fdrazn\u011b by to omezilo vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost a aktivity Hizball\u00e1hu v oblasti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nutn\u00e9, ale ne nezbytn\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Libanonsk\u00fd vojensk\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 Ali Jezzini v rozhovoru pro\u00a0<\/span>The Cradle<\/span><\/em>\u00a0poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee u\u017eite\u010dnost tunel\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na schopnosti Hizball\u00e1hu naru\u0161it palebnou s\u00edlu Izraele. B\u011bhem v\u00e1lky v roce 2006 bojovn\u00edci Hizball\u00e1hu pou\u017e\u00edvali tunely a z\u00e1kopy, aby poskytli izraelsk\u00fdm sil\u00e1m zu\u0159iv\u00fd odpor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jezzini v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee tunely budou i v budoucnu nezbytn\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na v oblastech naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch \u201ep\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace\u201c, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako podzemn\u00ed pevnosti a obrann\u00e9 pozice.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee tyto tunely p\u0159edstavovaly pro Izrael ve v\u00e1lce v roce 2006 velkou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku. Bojovn\u00edci Hizball\u00e1hu v Maroun al-Ras a okoln\u00edch oblastech zu\u0159iv\u011b bojovali s izraelsk\u00fdmi okupa\u010dn\u00edmi silami z t\u011bchto z\u00e1kop\u016f a tunel\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jezzini v\u0161ak zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee v\u00fdznam tunel\u016f nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v tom, \u017ee mohou naru\u0161it operace letectva. Podzemn\u00ed labyrinty jsou i nad\u00e1le pot\u0159eba pro \u00fa\u010dely nesouvisej\u00edc\u00ed s vzdu\u0161n\u00fdmi operacemi, jako jsou \u00fakryty pro person\u00e1l a vybaven\u00ed p\u0159ed d\u011blost\u0159electvem okupa\u010dn\u00ed mocnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b jsou tunely st\u00e1le velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od Ham\u00e1su nebude 7. \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159\u00edtomen moment p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Jakou roli budou tyto tunelov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b hr\u00e1t v budouc\u00edm konfliktu mezi Izraelem a Hizball\u00e1hem, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nakonec nejist\u00e9. I kdy\u017e jejich strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v roce 2006, st\u00e1le mohou poskytovat cenn\u00e9 taktick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody v bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00e1lce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Bilal Nour Al-Deen<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 tunel\u016f Hizball\u00e1hu z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost ve sv\u011btle hroz\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lky s Izraelem. I…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[6772,107,220,6174],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57657"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57657"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57659,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57657\/revisions\/57659"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}