{"id":57624,"date":"2024-07-12T05:22:43","date_gmt":"2024-07-12T03:22:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=57624"},"modified":"2024-07-12T05:22:43","modified_gmt":"2024-07-12T03:22:43","slug":"uriel-araujo-nato-chce-trvale-stopy-v-indo-pacifiku-s-jednanim-o-otevreni-kancelare-v-japonsku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/12\/uriel-araujo-nato-chce-trvale-stopy-v-indo-pacifiku-s-jednanim-o-otevreni-kancelare-v-japonsku\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: NATO chce trval\u00e9 stopy v Indo-Pacifiku s jedn\u00e1n\u00edm o otev\u0159en\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e v Japonsku"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tento t\u00fdden NATO svol\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u016fj t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed summit ve Washingtonu, kde slav\u00ed sv\u00e9 75. narozeniny. O Ukrajin\u011b se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b hodn\u011b mluvilo. Jedn\u00edm z vrchol\u016f leto\u0161n\u00edho summitu je v\u0161ak t\u00e9ma Asie – \u010c\u00edna, kter\u00e1 se v\u00a0<\/span>deklaraci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tohoto summitu op\u011bt objevuje (u\u017e pot\u0159et\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b). Asijsk\u00e1 supervelmoc byla pops\u00e1na jako \u201erozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinitel\u201c v rusk\u00e9m konfliktu proti Ukrajin\u011b. Dokument d\u00e1le popisuje Peking jako \u201esyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy pro euroatlantickou bezpe\u010dnost\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wang Yi, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed, \u0159ekl tento t\u00fdden v Pekingu sv\u00e9mu thajsk\u00e9mu prot\u011bj\u0161ku Maris Sangiampongsovi, \u017ee \u201eje nutn\u00e9 odolat negativn\u00edmu dopadu indicko-pacifick\u00e9 strategie a chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed t\u00edm, aby NATO s\u00e1hlo do asijsko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti\u201c. To byl vzkaz zem\u00edm ASEAN obecn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho kontextu je i ot\u00e1zka otev\u0159en\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e NATO v Tokiu. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b to nen\u00ed na programu tohoto t\u00fddne, ale Tobias Billstr\u00f6m (\u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed) \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u010dlenov\u00e9 NATO pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b brzy p\u0159ednesou toto t\u00e9ma s Franci\u00ed (Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e je proti). Diskutovalo se o tom v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce a \u010dasto bylo popisov\u00e1no velmi skromn\u011b. Podle zpr\u00e1vy agentury Reuters z roku 2023: \u201eP\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 NATO uvedli, \u017ee navrhovan\u00e1 japonsk\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 by byla mal\u00e1, s person\u00e1lem pouze n\u011bkolika lid\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na budov\u00e1n\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed a nebyla by vojenskou z\u00e1kladnou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd rok byl tento zd\u00e1nliv\u011b skromn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh (t\u011b\u017ece kritizovan\u00fd \u010c\u00ednou) nicm\u00e9n\u011b zablokov\u00e1n francouzsk\u00fdm prezidentem Emmanuelem Macroem, kter\u00fd v t\u00e9 dob\u011b prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv by Aliance m\u011bla m\u00edt partnery, \u201es nimi\u017e zvl\u00e1d\u00e1me hlavn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky v Indo-pacifick\u00e9m , Afrika a tak\u00e9 Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod\u201c, NATO \u201ez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 organizac\u00ed Severoatlantick\u00e9 smlouvy\u201c. Macron ironicky dodal, \u017ee \u201ea\u0165 se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 cokoli, geografie je tvrdohlav\u00e1: Indo-Pacifik nen\u00ed severn\u00ed Atlantik. Jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v roce 2021, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e je st\u00e1le glob\u00e1ln\u00edm hr\u00e1\u010dem a m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy v Indo-pacifick\u00e9m regionu (IPR) i glob\u00e1ln\u011b \u2013 a n\u011bkdy se v \u0159ad\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed s NATO a Washingtonem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento pom\u011brn\u011b skromn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e NATO v Tokiu, kter\u00fd, jak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, se znovu objevil, znamen\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti mnohem v\u00edce. Podle Jacka Detsche a Robbieho Gramera (report\u00e9\u0159i Foreign Policy) jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o to, d\u00e1t Atlantick\u00e9 alianci \u201ejej\u00ed v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed trvalou stopu v indo-pacifick\u00e9m regionu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u00fater\u00fd americk\u00fd poradce pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost Jake Sullivan za\u0161el tak daleko, \u017ee prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u201eJaponsko, [Ji\u017en\u00ed] Korea a Austr\u00e1lie jsou na cest\u011b investovat 2 procenta sv\u00e9ho HDP do obrany, co\u017e je historick\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed\u201c, dodal, \u017ee \u201e zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, vazby mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, Evropou a Indo-Pacifikem nebyly nikdy d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo prov\u00e1zan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes.\u201c \u010c\u00edslo 2 % je zjevn\u011b souhlasem s dvouprocentn\u00edm v\u00fddajov\u00fdm c\u00edlem NATO, kter\u00fd byl v\u017edy vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ned\u00e1vno, u\u017e v roce 1997, tehdy sen\u00e1tor Joe Biden \u0159\u00edkal,\u00a0<\/span>\u017ee<\/span><\/a>\u00a0postoje evropsk\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f NATO t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se americk\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu na n\u00e1kladech Aliance \u201ese zdaj\u00ed mnoha sen\u00e1tor\u016fm jako varianty, jak pova\u017eovat Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty za hlup\u00e1ky\u201c a \u017ee \u201epokud rychle nedosp\u011bjeme k uspokojiv\u00e9mu sd\u00edlen\u00ed b\u0159emene porozum\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u0161ech jeho aspektech s na\u0161imi evropsk\u00fdmi a kanadsk\u00fdmi spojenci, bude budoucnost NATO v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm stolet\u00ed velmi pochybn\u00e1\u201c. Tato r\u00e9torika dnes nach\u00e1z\u00ed ozv\u011bnu v bodech Donalda Trumpa. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, Sullivan \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Z\u00e1pad by mohl naj\u00edt spojence, kte\u0159\u00ed by byli dychtiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159ipraveni investovat do obrany na V\u00fdchod\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na stejn\u00e9 str\u00e1nce, p\u0159ed svou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed na summitu, japonsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Fumio Kishida \u0159ekl agentu\u0159e Reuters, \u017ee \u201eJaponsko je odhodl\u00e1no pos\u00edlit svou spolupr\u00e1ci s NATO a jeho partnery\u201c. Spolu s Japonskem se zased\u00e1n\u00ed Aliance \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed tak\u00e9 Austr\u00e1lie, Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land a Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea (zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako \u201eIndo-pacifick\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159ka\u201c – IP4). Kishida tak\u00e9 zopakoval obvin\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u016f NATO v\u016f\u010di Pekingu, kdy\u017e \u0159ekl, ani\u017e by jmenoval \u010c\u00ednu, \u017ee \u201en\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b\u201c poskytuj\u00ed Moskv\u011b civiln\u011b-vojensk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed dvoj\u00edho u\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce, jak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, Macron v apelu na zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed smlouvu instituce a na samotnou zkratku popsal NATO pon\u011bkud zjednodu\u0161en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem (jeho slova) jako \u201eorganizaci Severoatlantick\u00e9 smlouvy\u201c. Od summitu NATO v Madridu v roce 2022 je v\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00e9mu st\u00e1le jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se\u00a0r\u00fdsuje \u201e\u00a0<\/span>glob\u00e1ln\u00ed NATO<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c (jak to Liz Trussov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 byla kr\u00e1tce britskou prvn\u00ed ministryn\u00ed v roce 2022, jak\u00a0<\/span>to slavn\u011b naz\u00fdvala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). Truss v t\u00e9 dob\u011b tvrdil, \u017ee Lond\u00fdn odm\u00edtl \u201efale\u0161nou volbu mezi euroatlantickou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed a indicko-pacifickou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed\u201c ve prosp\u011bch \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00edho NATO\u201c: \u201eM\u00e1m na mysli, \u017ee NATO mus\u00ed m\u00edt glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhled, p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 \u010delit glob\u00e1ln\u00edm hrozb\u00e1m. .\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco se hodn\u011b mluvilo o \u201enov\u00e9m asijsk\u00e9m NATO\u201c (t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se\u00a0<\/span>QUAD<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nebo dokonce takzvan\u00e9ho \u201e\u00a0<\/span>nov\u00e9ho QUAD<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c), p\u0159\u00edzrak nov\u00e9ho (USA prosazovan\u00e9ho) \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00edho NATO\u201c, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho spojence v Asii, Evropa a Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod st\u00e1le pron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edr. Tento navrhovan\u00fd \u201eblok\u201c raison d’\u00eatre by byl \u2013 co jin\u00e9ho? – \u010delit takzvan\u00e9 \u201ehrozb\u011b\u201c \u010d\u00ednsko-rusk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce, \u201ehrozb\u011b\u201c, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e v\u00fdsledkem vlastn\u00ed politiky obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed Aliance proti t\u011bmto dv\u011bma velmocem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d o \u201e\u00a0<\/span>oto\u010dn\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c nen\u00ed nic nov\u00e9ho a \u010dasto byla prosazov\u00e1na Washingtonem \u2013 napad\u00e1 m\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201e\u00a0<\/span>pacifick\u00e9 stolet\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c Hillary Clintonov\u00e9 .\u00a0Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika USA (ve snaze o \u201eamerick\u00e9 stolet\u00ed\u201c a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed unipolarity) \u010dasto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 houp\u00e1n\u00ed kyvadla. Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska \u010dasto osciluje mezi my\u0161lenkou \u201ekontrovat\u201c Pekingu nebo Moskv\u011b \u2013 a ob\u010das se m\u016f\u017ee dokonce pokusit dos\u00e1hnout obou v\u011bc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b, jako tomu bylo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00edho americk\u00e9ho prezidenta a jeho ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho a riskantn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstup\u00a0\u201e\u00a0<\/span>dvoj\u00edho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1 geopolitick\u00e1 nenasytnost (i kdy\u017e vis\u00edc\u00ed) mus\u00ed \u010delit v\u00edce ne\u017e n\u011bkolika v\u00fdzv\u00e1m. Za prv\u00e9, a\u017e doned\u00e1vna jen velmi m\u00e1lo \u010dlen\u016f Aliance dok\u00e1zalo dr\u017eet krok se sv\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi v\u00fddajov\u00fdmi z\u00e1vazky (to je skute\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 mimochodem vysv\u011btluje mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0<\/span>Trumpovy r\u00e9toriky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proti organizaci). Washington s\u00e1m je st\u00e1le\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ehnan\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0supervelmoc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abych to shrnul, dnes je vid\u011bt st\u00e1le v\u00edce rozd\u011blen\u00e9 NATO, kter\u00e9 nem\u00e1 jasn\u00fd n\u00e1zor na v\u00fdzvy dvoj\u00edho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. S p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fanavou Ukrajiny a p\u0159\u00edzrakem Bidenovy\u00a0<\/span>senility<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>nov\u00e9ho Trumpova prezidentstv\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(uprost\u0159ed americk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 krize) z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 my\u0161lenka\u00a0<\/span>oto\u010den\u00ed na v\u00fdchod<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na s\u00edle \u2013 jakkoli d\u016fle\u017eit\u00ed spojenci v r\u00e1mci Aliance tuto p\u0159edstavu zpochybn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo<\/a>, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

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Tento t\u00fdden NATO svol\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u016fj t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed summit ve Washingtonu, kde slav\u00ed sv\u00e9 75. narozeniny. O…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57625,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,39,26,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57624"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57624"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57624\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}