{"id":57423,"date":"2024-07-10T00:39:21","date_gmt":"2024-07-09T22:39:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=57423"},"modified":"2024-07-09T16:09:45","modified_gmt":"2024-07-09T14:09:45","slug":"washington-pekingskym-partnerum-obetujte-se-abyste-mi-pomohli-udrzet-draka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/10\/washington-pekingskym-partnerum-obetujte-se-abyste-mi-pomohli-udrzet-draka\/","title":{"rendered":"Washington pekingsk\u00fdm partner\u016fm: \u201eOb\u011btujte se, abyste mi pomohli udr\u017eet draka\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

V kontextu, kdy Washington ozna\u010dil Peking za syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho geopolitick\u00e9ho soupe\u0159e, se americk\u00e1 administrativa sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159etvo\u0159it glob\u00e1ln\u00ed geopolitickou krajinu ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch. K tomu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 klasick\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje \u2013 ani\u017e by se p\u0159est\u00e1valo uchylovat k jednostrann\u00fdm \u010di donucovac\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jako d\u016fsledek diplomacie hraj\u00ed m\u00e9dia kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v proti\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 politice Washingtonu. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia jako\u017eto hl\u00e1sn\u00e1 trouba americk\u00e9 geopolitiky jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za to, aby se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159iklonilo k americk\u00e9mu narativu, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna p\u0159edstavuje hlavn\u00ed geopolitickou hrozbu.<\/p>\n

Tyto medi\u00e1ln\u00ed a diplomatick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Washington ke stejn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu: udr\u017eet pevn\u011b na uzd\u011b \u00farove\u0148 spolupr\u00e1ce, kterou \u010c\u00edna rozv\u00edj\u00ed se t\u0159et\u00edmi zem\u011bmi, a zachovat nebo znovu potvrdit v\u0161emohoucnost Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech.<\/p>\n

Zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00edny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed americk\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 ofenzivy proti Pekingu hojn\u011b poskytuj\u00ed m\u00e9dia, kde se americk\u00e1 strategie zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00edny pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost sugestivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1zvy.<\/p>\n

Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed diskurs pravideln\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje imperativ zachov\u00e1n\u00ed liber\u00e1ln\u00edch demokraci\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 autokratick\u00e9mu modelu zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00e9mu Pekingem a obranu \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00edch hodnot\u201c proti poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u0159ipisovan\u00fdm Pekingu. Tento jedovat\u00fd portr\u00e9t druh\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ideologie z\u016fstane ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed americk\u00e9 strategie k potla\u010den\u00ed \u010c\u00edny a \u017ee americk\u00e1 podpora separatistick\u00fdch hnut\u00ed \u2013 na Tchaj-wanu, Hongkongu, Tibetu a Sin-\u0165iangu \u2013 bude pokra\u010dovat jako prost\u0159edek politick\u00fd a ekonomick\u00fd tlak na Peking.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu sn\u00ed\u017eit ekonomickou z\u00e1vislost na Pekingu a chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed \u010d\u00ednskou technologickou infiltrac\u00ed. Stejn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed americk\u00e9 obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna zaplavuje z\u00e1padn\u00ed trhy elektrick\u00fdmi vozidly a sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi panely kv\u016fli nespravedliv\u00e9 \u201enadm\u011brn\u00e9 kapacit\u011b\u201c ve v\u00fdrob\u011b. Toto obvin\u011bn\u00ed je v souladu s pl\u00e1nem z\u00e1padn\u00edho bloku obnovit sv\u016fj ekonomick\u00fd model pomoc\u00ed zelen\u00fdch energi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Toto nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Pekingu \u2013 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 drastick\u00e1 protekcionistick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odm\u00edtnut\u00ed Washingtonu tolerovat konkurenta \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9m trhu, kter\u00e9mu z\u00e1padn\u00ed blok po desetilet\u00ed beze sporu dominoval. Tato \u010d\u00e1st americk\u00e9 strategie m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 za c\u00edl odsunout Evropskou unii na vedlej\u0161\u00ed kolej jako\u00a0v\u00fdrobce zelen\u00e9 energie<\/a>\u00a0, jako odbyti\u0161t\u011b pro n\u00edzkon\u00e1kladov\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 vozidla, a tedy jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho konkurenta pro Washington.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o pot\u0159eb\u011b zaru\u010dit bezpe\u010dnost a svobodu n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho pohybu v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m strategick\u00e9m prostoru, je navr\u017eeno tak, aby ospravedlnilo vojensk\u00fd tlak vyv\u00edjen\u00fd Washingtonem v bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti Pekingu.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o Tchaj-wan, Washington nad\u00e1le zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 nejednozna\u010dnost: uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Tchaj-wan pat\u0159\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b \u2013 jak je jasn\u011b uvedeno ve\u00a0t\u0159ech spole\u010dn\u00fdch komunik\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 ale bude Tchaj-wan br\u00e1nit v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b znovusjednocen\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho Pekingem. Tento odklon od logiky zopakoval Antony Blinken den po sv\u00e9 posledn\u00ed\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b<\/a>\u00a0\u010c\u00edny. Washington mezit\u00edm udr\u017euje diplomatick\u00e9 vztahy s ostrovem a nad\u00e1le mu prod\u00e1v\u00e1 zbran\u011b, co\u017e je v rozporu s dohodami podepsan\u00fdmi s Pekingem.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u0161eho v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho si z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia tak\u00e9 berou za \u00fakol legitimizovat jednostrann\u00e1 americk\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, jako je uvalen\u00ed sankc\u00ed mimo r\u00e1mec OSN, a\u0165 u\u017e proti partner\u016fm Pekingu, jako je Rusko, \u00cdr\u00e1n, Severn\u00ed Korea a Venezuela, nebo proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b. s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Mnohostrann\u00e9 struktury ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 Washingtonem<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S v\u00fdjimkou n\u011bkolika disidentsk\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f mnohostrann\u00e9 struktury ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 Washingtonem, jako je NATO, G7 a EU, p\u0159ijaly americkou strategii Pekingu. A\u010dkoli protirusk\u00e9 sankce p\u0159ijat\u00e9 t\u011bmito stejn\u00fdmi bloky nenesou n\u00e1zev \u201eodd\u011blen\u00ed se od \u010c\u00edny\u201c, nicm\u00e9n\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed stejn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu: zni\u010dit d\u016fsledky \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 moci.<\/p>\n

Konfrontovat \u010c\u00ednu znamen\u00e1\u00a0zak\u00e1zat bilateralismus<\/a>\u00a0a p\u0159ijmout spole\u010dn\u00e9 postoje: to je heslo multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch Washingtonem. Toto motto se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ve \u201e\u00a0Strategii pro \u010c\u00ednu<\/a>\u00a0\u201c p\u0159ijat\u00e9 Berl\u00ednem v roce 2023: \u201e\u00a0Na\u0161e strategie pro \u010c\u00ednu je pevn\u011b zakotvena ve spole\u010dn\u00e9 politice EU v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/em>\u00a0\u201c.<\/p>\n

It\u00e1lie, jedin\u00e1 zem\u011b G7, kter\u00e1 podepsala BRI, byla nucena projekt opustit po velk\u00e9m tlaku sv\u00fdch spojenc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed obvinili \u0158\u00edm ze zrady z\u00e1padn\u00edho bloku t\u00edm, \u017ee se sna\u017e\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup do st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy a ji\u017en\u00edho k\u0159\u00eddla NATO \u010c\u00edn\u011b. . Podobn\u011b americk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, \u017ee technologie 5G \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho Huawei p\u0159edstavuje hrozbu pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost zem\u00ed EU, podkopal dohody podepsan\u00e9 mezi \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm gigantem a n\u011bkolika evropsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, v\u010detn\u011b Portugalska. Ve stejn\u00e9m duchu by nepochybn\u011b st\u00e1lo za to prostudovat politick\u00e9 a medi\u00e1ln\u00ed parametry, kter\u00e9 od n\u00e1stupu Petra Pavla, b\u00fdval\u00e9ho p\u0159edsedy Vojensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru NATO k moci, naklonily \u010ceskou republiku k obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9mu postoji v\u016f\u010di Pekingu.<\/p>\n

Ale n\u011bkdy Washington nedos\u00e1hne sv\u00e9ho. Ma\u010farsko \u2013 t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159evzet\u00edm p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed EU \u2013 a Slovensko nezakol\u00edsaly tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 tlaku EU a NATO na odd\u011blen\u00ed sv\u00fdch ekonomik od \u010c\u00edny. Pl\u00e1n na zru\u0161en\u00ed jednomysln\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v EU o ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti m\u00e1 ukon\u010dit touhu t\u011bchto \u010dlen\u016f po nez\u00e1vislosti. Slovensk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Robert Fico v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vyl\u00ed\u010dil tlak, kter\u00e9mu jeho vl\u00e1da \u010del\u00ed kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee se odm\u00edt\u00e1 sladit s politikami EU a NATO. Slovensk\u00fd v\u016fdce dokonce uk\u00e1zal prstem na\u00a0opozi\u010dn\u00ed strany<\/a>\u00a0, hl\u00e1sn\u00e9 trouby NATO a EU v jeho zemi, z pokusu o atent\u00e1t na n\u011bj.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b t\u011bchto \u201edisidentsk\u00fdch\u201c \u010dlen\u016f \u2013 nebo t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se zav\u00e1zali k jejich suverenit\u011b \u2013 je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee Washington m\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00faplnou nadvl\u00e1du nad G7, NATO a EU.<\/p>\n

Mnohostrann\u00e9 struktury, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed zem\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Situace je jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v hybridn\u00edch multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur\u00e1ch, jako je G20, kde maj\u00ed s\u00eddlo zem\u011b z Jihu, nebo ve struktur\u00e1ch, kde zcela dominuj\u00ed zem\u011b z Jihu, jako je ASEAN. V takov\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch nen\u00ed pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty tak snadn\u00e9 prosadit svou strategii omezov\u00e1n\u00ed Pekingu.<\/p>\n

Na posledn\u00edm summitu G20,\u00a0kter\u00e9mu p\u0159edsedala Indie<\/a>\u00a0, kone\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed neobsahovalo odsouzen\u00ed akc\u00ed Moskvy na Ukrajin\u011b, jak by si Washington p\u0159\u00e1l. Nep\u0159\u00edtomnost Si \u0164in-pchinga na summitu mohla m\u00edt dva c\u00edle: d\u00e1t Nov\u00e9mu Dill\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost mluvit jm\u00e9nem glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu t\u00edm, \u017ee schv\u00e1l\u00ed \u010dlenstv\u00ed Africk\u00e9 unie v G20, a zabr\u00e1nit z\u00e1padn\u00edm zem\u00edm, aby p\u0159enesly odpov\u011bdnost za fin\u00e1le na \u010c\u00ednu. prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve struktu\u0159e, jako je ASEAN, symbolick\u00fd pro strategick\u00fd region jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie a charakterizovan\u00fd odli\u0161n\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi orientacemi, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nemohly sjednotit postoje deseti \u010dlen\u016f proti Pekingu. M\u00edsto toho se Washington sna\u017e\u00ed rozv\u00edjet nov\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed nebo prohlubovat ta st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed (bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed aliance s\u00a0Filip\u00ednami<\/a>\u00a0; pln\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed s\u00a0Indon\u00e9si\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0\u2026), s postrann\u00edm motivem vyost\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi \u010c\u00ednou a jej\u00edmi sousedy a brzd\u011bn\u00ed vzestupu \u010c\u00edny v indicko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti. a za.<\/p>\n

Dohody o obran\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci t\u011bchto dvoustrann\u00fdch partnerstv\u00ed pak logicky p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na \u010c\u00ednu a ASEAN. Za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek se nezd\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by se p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00edny zav\u00e9st v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i kodex chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd by vylu\u010doval z\u00e1sahy mocnost\u00ed mimo tento region, naplnilo. Zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00edm konsensu mezi \u010dleny ASEAN cht\u011bj\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159im\u011bt \u010c\u00ednu, aby samostatn\u011b vyjedn\u00e1vala o urovn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00edch a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch spor\u016f s ka\u017ed\u00fdm ze sv\u00fdch soused\u016f \u2013 s v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee americkou strategi\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b zabr\u00e1nit Pekingu a jeho soused\u016fm dos\u00e1hnout dohody.<\/p>\n

Situace je ale m\u00e9n\u011b plynul\u00e1, ne\u017e se zd\u00e1 pro Washington. N\u011bkolik \u010dlen\u016f ASEAN ve snaze nestat se ke sv\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b n\u00e1stroji americk\u00e9 strategie k zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00edny se rozhodlo pro politiku diverzifikace sv\u00e9 diplomacie a ekonomiky. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b Vietnam, Thajsko, Indon\u00e9sie a Malajsie \u2013 a dokonce i\u00a0st\u00e1t Brunej<\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd si je dob\u0159e v\u011bdom d\u016fle\u017eitosti sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 polohy. Thajsko a Malajsie dokonce vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipojit se ke skupin\u011b BRICS: v\u00edce ne\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed nesouhlasu s postoji USA tyto prvky podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed legitimitu americk\u00e9 strategie vojensk\u00e9ho obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

Toto nesporn\u00e9 oslaben\u00ed pozice Ameriky na sv\u011btov\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fd pohled na rozhodnut\u00ed Washingtonu hr\u00e1t hru bez omezen\u00ed pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 hegemonie \u2013 zejm\u00e9na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm hrozby Tchaj-wanu.<\/p>\n

Zu\u0159iv\u00e9 v\u00e1lky prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v Evrop\u011b a na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b dokresluj\u00ed obraz. Washington douf\u00e1, \u017ee ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00edm Ukrajiny oslab\u00ed strategick\u00e9ho partnera Pekingu, Rusko. T\u00edm, \u017ee Washington sv\u011b\u0159il Izraeli nevysloviteln\u00e9 posl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1chat genocidu na palestinsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, ke sv\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b demonstruje, \u017ee ameri\u010dt\u00ed historici partne\u0159i v z\u00e1padoasijsk\u00e9m regionu, jako je Egypt a Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, ji\u017e neuplat\u0148uj\u00ed sm\u011brnice Washingtonu tak horliv\u011b jako kdysi. d\u011blal. Stejn\u011b jako soused\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny se sna\u017e\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017eit sv\u00e9 vztahy s velmocemi, aby up\u0159ednostnili sv\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy.<\/p>\n

Lama El Horr, PhD, geopolitick\u00fd analytik, je zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm redaktorem\u00a0<\/strong>China Beyond the Wall<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/strong>zejm\u00e9na pro online magaz\u00edn \u201e\u00a0<\/strong>New Eastern Outlook<\/strong><\/a> \u201c<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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V kontextu, kdy Washington ozna\u010dil Peking za syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho geopolitick\u00e9ho soupe\u0159e, se americk\u00e1 administrativa sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159etvo\u0159it…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,41,50,39,37,814],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57423"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57423"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57423\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}