{"id":57311,"date":"2024-07-08T06:56:14","date_gmt":"2024-07-08T04:56:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=57311"},"modified":"2024-07-08T06:56:14","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T04:56:14","slug":"jan-campbell-mir-je-stav-nouze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/08\/jan-campbell-mir-je-stav-nouze\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Campbell: M\u00edr je stav nouze"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p>Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti po zakon\u010den\u00ed korektury jedn\u00e9 diplomov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00e9ma ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m t\u0159et\u00edho spolkov\u00e9ho prezidenta, Gustava Heinemanna (1899-1976). Ten ve sv\u00e9m inaugura\u010dn\u00edm projevu p\u0159ed 55 lety v \u010dervenci 1969 pronesl d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 a dnes aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed slova o m\u00edru jako o stavu nouze: &#8222;<em>Co je to mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 situace?<\/em>&#8222;, ptal se. A on odpov\u011bd\u011bl takto: <em>&#8222;Nen\u00ed to v\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 je nouzov\u00fdm stavem [&#8230;], jak se moje generace u\u010dila ve \u0161kole v c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00e9\u0159e, ale M\u00edr je stav nouze, ve kter\u00e9m se v\u0161ichni mus\u00edme osv\u011bd\u010dit. Za m\u00edrem u\u017e nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 existence.<\/em>&#8220; \u00a0Byl to, jak si dob\u0159e vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m velmi spektakul\u00e1rn\u00ed projev b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roce 1970 v\u00a0Heidelbergu jsem se sezn\u00e1mil s\u00a0Wilhelm K\u00fctermeyrem, l\u00e9ka\u0159em a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm etikem, mn\u011b sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bnou du\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mi spolu zachr\u00e1nila \u017eivot, a knihou: Nemoc Evropy (Die Krankeit Europas, Suhrkamp, 1951). O knize, kterou dnes nelze objednat a vztahu k\u00a0doktoru K\u00fctermeyrovi jsem napsal v\u00a0knize Souhlasu net\u0159eba (2016, ISBN 978-3-00-052470-7).<\/p>\n<p>O n\u011bco pozd\u011bji, v roce 1971 jsem se sezn\u00e1mil se z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u011bdeckou studi\u00ed fyzika a filozofa Carla Friedricha von Weizs\u00e4ckera s n\u00e1zvem &#8222;D\u016fsledky v\u00e1lky a prevence v\u00e1lky.&#8220; Kriegsfolgen und Kriegsverh\u00fctung, Carl Hanser Verlag M\u00fcnchen, (1 ledna 1971), ASIN: \u200e B0000BS58E. Studie potvrdila, \u017ee v jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lce ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b by bylo zni\u010deno v\u0161e, co m\u011blo b\u00fdt br\u00e1n\u011bno.<\/p>\n<p>S ohledem na tyto vyhl\u00eddky je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 pouze politika prevence v\u00e1lky. Ale jak vid\u00edme ka\u017ed\u00fd den a m\u016f\u017eeme \u010d\u00edst ve v\u0161ech z\u00e1padn\u00edch politicky korektn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch a neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b pokryteck\u00fdch a hloup\u00fdch odezv\u00e1ch na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Orbana\u00a0u prezidenta Putina, prevence selhala. Nebylo by atent\u00e1tu na slovensk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra v kv\u011btnu, setk\u00e1n\u00ed na D\u011bv\u00edn\u011b ve\u010der v\u00a0den p\u0159ipom\u00ednky Cyrile a Metod\u011bje a nesly\u0161el bych v\u00fdte\u010dn\u00fd projev premi\u00e9ra Fico, nev\u011b\u0159il bych na lep\u0161\u00ed \u010dasy. Proto d\u011bkuji premi\u00e9rovi Fico za probuzen\u00ed nad\u011bje u skeptick\u00e9ho optimisty, nebo jak se traduje, \u0161patn\u011b informovan\u00e9ho kriticky, tj. jasn\u011b mysl\u00edc\u00edho pesimisty.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed s\u00a0rozumem v\u00ed, \u017ee speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 operace na Ukrajin\u011b nep\u0159edstavuje tradi\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku o teritorium, ale \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou situaci, antropologickou v\u00e1lku, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku: Jak se dostat ze skute\u010dn\u00e9 nouze, v\u00e1lky, zp\u011bt k vytou\u017een\u00e9 nouzi, k\u00a0m\u00edru?<\/p>\n<p>Heinemann byl \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd netrval na autorit\u011b, ale byl autoritou velmi neok\u00e1zal\u00fdm a skromn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, proto\u017ee se pova\u017eoval za \u010destn\u00e9ho prost\u0159edn\u00edka mezi st\u00e1tem a ob\u010dany. Jednou \u0159ekl, \u017ee by cht\u011bl na sv\u00e9 pozv\u00e1nky vytisknout formuli: &#8222;Oble\u010den\u00ed libovoln\u00e9, ale p\u0159ejen\u00e9.&#8220; Heinemann, stejn\u011b jako pozd\u011bji Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker (bratr zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho fyzika, kter\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1979 odm\u00edtl nab\u00eddku kancl\u00e9\u0159e Willy Brandta, aby kandidoval na \u00fa\u0159ad spolkov\u00e9ho presidenta), byl prezidentem, kter\u00fd vze\u0161el z aktivn\u00ed stranick\u00e9 politiky a pak ji slavn\u011b opustil.<\/p>\n<p>Oba prezidenti se dok\u00e1zali zorientovat v dob\u011b tehdej\u0161\u00edho rostouc\u00edho politick\u00e9ho neklidu, kter\u00fd nelze srovn\u00e1vat s\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm b\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edm a v\u00e1lkychtivost\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti n\u011bmeck\u00fdch politik\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed maj\u00ed pochybnou rodinou minulost.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed po Heinemannovi lze tvrdit, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed a ni jin\u00e1 teorie kultury (veden\u00ed) m\u00edru, kter\u00e1 by oplod\u0148ovala a inspirovala \u00fastavn\u00ed praxi a politiku. Odborn\u00edk na \u00fastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo Peter H\u00e4berle poukazuje na to, \u017ee \u201etakzvan\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va druh\u00e9 generace, tj. hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed svobody, kter\u00e9 dopl\u0148uj\u00ed klasick\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va, byla vytvo\u0159ena v z\u00e1jmu m\u00edru. A cel\u00fd z\u00e1kon o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed byl vytvo\u0159en nejen proto, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno m\u00edru s p\u0159\u00edrodou, ale tak\u00e9 proto, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno m\u00edru s budouc\u00edmi generacemi.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Poslouch\u00e1 se to hezky. Ale skutek utekl. Proto M\u00edr nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt pr\u00e1zdnou formul\u00ed, slovem nebo dekorativn\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobou. A nesm\u00ed nikde b\u00fdt zak\u00e1z\u00e1no o n\u011bm mluvit, ps\u00e1t a za n\u011bj bojovat.<\/p>\n<p>Je to z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip \u00fastavy, kter\u00fd nedozr\u00e1l st\u00e1t se v\u0161eobecn\u011b akceptovateln\u00fdm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem. Je to obsah Preambule Severoatlantick\u00e9 smlouvy (Washington D.C., 4.dubna 1949), ze kter\u00e9 cituji, pokud kopie, kterou vlastn\u00edm, je opravdu kopi\u00ed origin\u00e1lu:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Strany t\u00e9to smlouvy znovu potvrzuj\u00ed svoji v\u00edru v c\u00edle a z\u00e1sady Charty OSN a svoji touhu \u017e\u00edt v m\u00edru se v\u0161emi n\u00e1rody a v\u0161emi vl\u00e1dami. Jsou odhodl\u00e1ny h\u00e1jit svobodu, spole\u010dn\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed a kulturu sv\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, zalo\u017eenou na z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch demokracie, svobody jednotlivce a pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. Jejich snahou je podporovat stabilitu a blahobyt n\u00e1rod\u016f v severoatlantick\u00e9m prostoru. Jsou rozhodnuty spojit sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o kolektivn\u00ed obranu a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edru a bezpe\u010dnosti. Proto se dohodly na t\u00e9to Severoatlantick\u00e9 smlouv\u011b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 1: Smluvn\u00ed strany se zavazuj\u00ed, jak je uvedeno v Chart\u011b OSN, urovn\u00e1vat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spory, v nich\u017e mohou b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dastny, m\u00edrov\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky tak, aby nebyl ohro\u017een mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u00edr, bezpe\u010dnost a spravedlnost, a zdr\u017eet se ve sv\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch hrozby silou nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly jak\u00fdmkoli zp\u016fsobem neslu\u010diteln\u00fdm s c\u00edli OSN.<\/p>\n<p>Jako ob\u010dan EU, nestran\u00edk a host v \u010cR podporuji usilovat o aktivaci \u010dl.1 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 nap\u0159. na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jednostrann\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dast ve vojensk\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed NATO.<\/li>\n<li>Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed dle \u010dl.1 mezi NATO a Ruskou Federac\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se Ukrajina vzd\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed dokument\u016f do za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2022 odeslan\u00fdch RF, NATO a USA.<\/li>\n<li>Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ehledu smluvn\u00edch a investi\u010dn\u00edch aktivit USA a NATO od roku 2014 a\u017e do roku 2022 v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i, na Ukrajin\u011b. a st\u00e1tech St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o podporu k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edru v\u00a0nouzi a bezpe\u010dnosti nejenom v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Zm\u011bna premi\u00e9ra ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed levice ve Francii a praktick\u00e1 neodvolatelnost vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 kotlin\u011b cestu k\u00a0m\u00edru nezajist\u00ed. M\u00edr je stav nouze. Souhlasu net\u0159eba..<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Jan Campbell<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>07.07.2024<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti po zakon\u010den\u00ed korektury jedn\u00e9 diplomov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00e9ma ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":47088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,565,39,186],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57311"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57311"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57311\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}