{"id":57281,"date":"2024-07-08T00:37:22","date_gmt":"2024-07-07T22:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=57281"},"modified":"2024-07-07T16:26:53","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T14:26:53","slug":"jan-keller-kdo-bude-vybirat-ta-spravna-fakta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/08\/jan-keller-kdo-bude-vybirat-ta-spravna-fakta\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Keller: Kdo bude vyb\u00edrat ta spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 fakta?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Plukovn\u00edk Otakar Folt\u00fdn, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed koordin\u00e1tor pro strategickou komunikaci a boj s dezinformacemi, ve\u0159ejnosti ozn\u00e1mil: \u201eM\u00e1te pr\u00e1vo na sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor, ale nem\u00e1te pr\u00e1vo na sv\u00e1 fakta.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento v\u00fdrok zn\u00ed sice vojensky r\u00e1zn\u011b, po obsahov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce je v\u0161ak\u00a0\u00a0 siln\u011b problematick\u00fd. Lid\u00e9 si utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Ve h\u0159e jsou p\u0159itom nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edsudky a stereotypy, ale tak\u00e9 snaha kop\u00edrovat n\u00e1zory referen\u010dn\u00ed skupiny, tedy skupiny, do kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00edme, anebo bychom cht\u011bli pat\u0159it.<\/p>\n<p>Velkou roli v\u00a0tom, jak bude vypadat v\u00fdsledn\u00fd n\u00e1zor, hraj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b fakta, ze kter\u00fdch \u010dlov\u011bk vych\u00e1z\u00ed. Tato fakta b\u00fdvaj\u00ed filtrov\u00e1na dvoj\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Prvn\u00ed z\u00a0nich je \u010dist\u011b mocensk\u00fd. Vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed moc, jej\u00ed m\u00e9dia a jej\u00ed propagandist\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit, kter\u00e1 fakta budou vyzdvihov\u00e1na a kter\u00e1 naopak zaml\u010dov\u00e1na. Druh\u00fd filtr je zabudov\u00e1n v na\u0161\u00ed psychice. \u010clov\u011bk se zpravidla sna\u017e\u00ed vn\u00edmat takov\u00e1 fakta, kter\u00e1 posiluj\u00ed jeho vid\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bta, a p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eet ta, kter\u00e1 jeho vid\u011bn\u00ed odporuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Plukovn\u00edk Folt\u00fdn si to mo\u017en\u00e1 neuv\u011bdomuje, ale sv\u00fdm v\u00fdrokem vlastn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo vyhled\u00e1vat si fakta, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b si sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed, posiluj\u00ed, anebo naopak zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed a p\u0159ehodnocuj\u00ed. Fakta, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1zory ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, bude za n\u011b vyb\u00edrat n\u011bkdo kompetentn\u00ed. Ur\u010dit\u00e1 fakta jim mohou b\u00fdt odep\u0159ena, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo tomu, \u017ee si \u010dlov\u011bk nez\u00e1visle na mocn\u00fdch vytvo\u0159\u00ed sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor. Tento postup je ze star\u0161\u00edch i nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u011bjin zn\u00e1m jako cenzura a praktikoval ho ji\u017e Folt\u00fdn\u016fv kolega, shodou okolnost\u00ed tak\u00e9 voj\u00e1k z\u00a0povol\u00e1n\u00ed, c\u00edsa\u0159 Napoleon. Ten vytvo\u0159il instituci nazvanou \u201e\u00da\u0159ad pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed\u201c. Jeho \u00fakolem bylo cenzurovat noviny, knihy, divadeln\u00ed hry a um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla, kter\u00e1 nebyla v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1jmy c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ministr pro v\u011bdu, v\u00fdzkum a inovace Marek \u017den\u00ed\u0161ek pln\u011b podpo\u0159il Otakara Folt\u00fdna. Tak\u00e9 on se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1zory se mohou li\u0161it, fakta jsou v\u0161ak pouze jedna a ten, kdo by p\u0159ich\u00e1zel s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi skute\u010dnostmi, je n\u00e1\u0161 nep\u0159\u00edtel. K\u00a0tomu dodal: \u201eRespektujme r\u016fzn\u00e9 pohledy, ale neignorujme ov\u011b\u0159itelnou pravdu. Jen tak m\u016f\u017eeme d\u011blat informovan\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Oba p\u00e1nov\u00e9 vystudovali vysokou \u0161kolu, patrn\u011b v\u0161ak ned\u00e1vali pozor, kdy\u017e se prob\u00edrala kognitivn\u00ed psychologie, gnozeologie a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 discipl\u00edny. P\u0159ece u\u017e novokantovci v\u00a0polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed a v\u00a0jejich stop\u00e1ch p\u0159edn\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fd sociolog Max Weber ve sporu o metodologii zd\u016fraz\u0148ovali, \u017ee fakt\u016f je nekone\u010dn\u011b mnoho, a pr\u00e1v\u011b jejich v\u00fdb\u011br ur\u010duje, jak budeme v\u011bci interpretovat, hodnotit, jak\u00fd n\u00e1zor si na n\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00edme. Abychom nemluvili p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 abstraktn\u011b, uve\u010fme konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad. Je snadno ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdm faktem, \u017ee v rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch 24. \u00fanora 2022 Rusko zah\u00e1jilo takzvanou \u201cspeci\u00e1ln\u00ed vojenskou operaci\u201d na Ukrajin\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tak je snadno ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdm faktem, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e1 kancl\u00e9\u0159ka Angela Merkelov\u00e1 uvedla dne 7. prosince 2022 v rozhovoru pro t\u00fdden\u00edk Zeit, \u017ee Minsk\u00e9 dohody byly podeps\u00e1ny nikoliv proto, aby byly dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny, ale proto, aby Ukrajina dostala \u010das na vyzbrojen\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed konflikt s Ruskem.<\/p>\n<p>Jestli\u017ee by lid\u00e9 nem\u011bli pr\u00e1vo zn\u00e1t fakta v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch nepohodln\u00fdch,<\/p>\n<p>jejich pr\u00e1vo vytvo\u0159it si vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor by bylo jen iluzorn\u00ed. Ten, kdo vyb\u00edr\u00e1 fakta, p\u0159edur\u010duje do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry n\u00e1zory a kontroluje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na ur\u010dit\u00e1 fakta, jsou snadno manipulovateln\u00ed. V\u011bd\u011bl to c\u00edsa\u0159 Napoleon a jist\u011b to v\u011bd\u00ed i jeho pokra\u010dovatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vel\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasevec.info\/domaci-politika\/jan-keller-kdo-bude-vybirat-ta-spravna-fakta\">Jan Keller<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-668\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/jan-keller-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/jan-keller-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/jan-keller.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plukovn\u00edk Otakar Folt\u00fdn, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed koordin\u00e1tor pro strategickou komunikaci a boj s dezinformacemi, ve\u0159ejnosti ozn\u00e1mil: \u201eM\u00e1te&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":49428,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[63,1697,1503,7385,99],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57281"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57281"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57281\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57281"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57281"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}