{"id":57209,"date":"2024-07-07T00:31:26","date_gmt":"2024-07-06T22:31:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=57209"},"modified":"2024-07-06T14:54:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T12:54:46","slug":"jak-chteji-pedagogove-pripravit-16lete-deti-na-spravnou-volbu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/07\/jak-chteji-pedagogove-pripravit-16lete-deti-na-spravnou-volbu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak cht\u011bj\u00ed \u201epedagogov\u00e9\u201c p\u0159ipravit 16let\u00e9 d\u011bti na \u201espr\u00e1vnou\u201c volbu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Levicov\u00e1 politick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda ji\u017e sn\u00ed\u017eila v\u011bk pro \u00fa\u010dast ve volb\u00e1ch do EU a m\u00edstn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch na 16 let, proto\u017ee nezletil\u00ed teenage\u0159i jsou snadno ovlivniteln\u00ed u\u0161lechtil\u00fdmi socialistick\u00fdmi ideologiemi a z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed si jako mlad\u00e9 voli\u010de. P\u0159ed ned\u00e1vn\u00fdmi volbami prob\u011bhly na \u0161kol\u00e1ch zku\u0161ebn\u00ed volby (volby junior\u016f) a bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech polovina student\u016f opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch volit preferovala AfD, co\u017e se potvrdilo i po volb\u00e1ch. Skv\u011bl\u00fd horor! I ve waldorfsk\u00e9 \u0161kole to te\u010f mnoz\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed zm\u011bnit t\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017e nez\u016fstanou neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory p\u0159ed studenty, ano \u2013 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bez toho, aby cht\u011bli studenty ovliv\u0148ovat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00edt\u00ed se k tomu povzbuzeni mimo jin\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>1<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eEducation and Science Union\u201c (GEW), kter\u00e9 na sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch 25. dubna 2024 ozn\u00e1milo: \u201eU\u010ditel\u00e9 nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed.\u201c p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed myln\u00e1 p\u0159edstava. Jejich \u00fakolem, jak definuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed z\u00e1kon a st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0161kolsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, je u\u010dit studenty demokratick\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m, jako jsou lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a tolerance. P\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 neutralita by mohla zabr\u00e1nit d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm diskus\u00edm a naru\u0161it vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed student\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o politick\u00e9 konflikty ve \u0161kole, u\u010ditel\u00e9 se nemus\u00ed chovat neutr\u00e1ln\u011b. Zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 prozkoumat v\u0161echny perspektivy, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 uk\u00e1zat jasn\u00fd postoj proti antisemitismu a rasismu, glorifikaci n\u00e1sil\u00ed a nelidsk\u00fdm v\u00fdrok\u016fm. \u2013 A te\u010f to p\u0159ijde:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTo plat\u00ed i pro diskusi o AfD ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b. Maike Finnern, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b GEW, v rozhovoru pro Stuttgarter Zeitung\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0vyzvala u\u010ditele , aby se AfD ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b zab\u00fdvali.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u201eAfD je strana s proti\u00fastavn\u00edmi tendencemi. “\u00a0<\/span><\/em>U\u010ditel\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><\/em>to mohou a m\u011bli by \u0159\u00edkat ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b,\u00a0<\/em><\/span>“ \u0159ekl Finnern.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Jde tedy v podstat\u011b o vnesen\u00ed politick\u00e9ho boje levicov\u00fdch stran proti pravicov\u00e9 AfD do \u0161kol prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm levicov\u00fdch u\u010ditel\u016f a ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed student\u016f ve v\u011bku 16 a v\u00edce let, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou opr\u00e1vn\u011bni volit, aby tuto stranu nevolili. kter\u00e1 je schv\u00e1lena jako demokratick\u00e1 strana a nen\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1na Spolkov\u00fdm \u00fastavn\u00edm soudem .<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee neporu\u0161ujete \u201eBeutelsbachsk\u00fd konsensus\u201c formulovan\u00fd pro lekce politiky v 70. letech, pokud student\u016fm vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00edte pouze sv\u016fj osobn\u00ed n\u00e1zor (o AfD). V bod\u011b 1 se p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/span>
\n
\n\u201eNen\u00ed dovoleno \u017e\u00e1ka \u2013 jak\u00fdmkoli zp\u016fsobem \u2013 p\u0159ekvapovat ve smyslu \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f a br\u00e1nit mu tak \u201ez\u00edskat nez\u00e1visl\u00fd \u00fasudek\u201c. P\u0159esn\u011b tady vede hranice mezi politickou v\u00fdchovou a indoktrinac\u00ed. Ale indoktrinace je neslu\u010diteln\u00e1 s rol\u00ed u\u010ditele v demokratick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a \u2013\u00a0<\/span><\/em>v\u0161eobecn\u011b<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm \u2013 c\u00edlem studentovy zralosti<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor u\u010ditele na AfD m\u00e1 ale zajistit, aby je studenti nevolili. A jeliko\u017e jsou \u017e\u00e1ci v tomto v\u011bku je\u0161t\u011b ve f\u00e1zi zkou\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho \u00fasudku a je\u0161t\u011b nejsou schopni samostatn\u00e9ho \u00fasudku, tedy je\u0161t\u011b nedosp\u011bl\u00ed, m\u00e1 pro n\u011b n\u00e1zor v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho u\u010ditele velkou v\u00e1hu. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b na studenty p\u016fsob\u00ed, a\u0165 chce nebo nechce.<\/span>
\nT\u00edm se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me ke skute\u010dn\u00e9 podstat\u011b probl\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozsudek<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na u\u010ditel\u00e9 waldorfsk\u00fdch \u0161kol by m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee podle obecn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch znalost\u00ed se studenti najednou nestali schopn\u00fdmi soci\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fasudku, proto\u017ee strani\u010dt\u00ed politi\u010dt\u00ed voli\u010di, jako je b\u00fdval\u00fd feder\u00e1ln\u00ed ministr spravedlnosti Barley (SPD), v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee v \u0161estn\u00e1cti jste\u00a0<\/span>\u201etak dosp\u011bl\u00ed\u201c. \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete \u010dinit dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e1 politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed\u201c.\u00a0<\/span>4<\/span><\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n

Jako advok\u00e1tka z dlouholet\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v\u00ed, \u017ee trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo obecn\u011b nakl\u00e1d\u00e1 s 21let\u00fdmi jako dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi a 18-21let\u00fdmi pouze v od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech. V\u011bt\u0161inou jsou ti posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00ed a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b 16 – 18let\u00ed obecn\u011b odsouzeni podle trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va pro mladistv\u00e9, proto\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b neum\u00ed posoudit n\u00e1sledky sv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee existuj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 d\u016fvody, pro\u010d 16-ti nebo 17let\u00ed lid\u00e9 nesm\u011bj\u00ed podepisovat n\u00e1jemn\u00ed smlouvu na byt, nesm\u00ed si kupovat tvrd\u00fd alkohol nebo cigarety a proto\u017ee jsou snadno ovlivniteln\u00ed a hroz\u00ed jim z\u00e1vislost nen\u00ed dovoleno \u00fa\u010dastnit se hazardn\u00edch her.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co jsou to \u201edalekos\u00e1hl\u00e1 politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed\u201c?<\/span><\/p>\n

V zastupitelsk\u00e9 demokracii d\u00e1vaj\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm obecnou pravomoc p\u0159ij\u00edmat jejich jm\u00e9nem pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony a jmenovat a kontrolovat vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1kony prov\u00e1d\u00ed sv\u00fdmi spr\u00e1vami. Modern\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot je velmi slo\u017eit\u00fd. Zahrnuje slo\u017eit\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a struktury, slo\u017eit\u00fd kulturn\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed \u017eivot a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed struktury, kter\u00e9 prostupuj\u00ed cel\u00fdm st\u00e1tn\u00edm a spole\u010densk\u00fdm \u017eivotem. P\u0159esto\u017ee zemsk\u00fd sn\u011bm m\u00e1 vlastn\u011b na starosti pouze pr\u00e1vo v u\u017e\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu, od absolutismu p\u0159evzal pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravu v\u0161ech oblast\u00ed \u017eivota.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poslanec proto pot\u0159ebuje vysokou \u00farove\u0148 soci\u00e1ln\u00edho vhledu. To je n\u00e1rok, kter\u00fd v\u011bc vy\u017eaduje. Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je napln\u011bn, nebo dokonce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt napln\u011bn v tomto fale\u0161n\u00e9m unit\u00e1rn\u00edm stavu, je jin\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je s t\u00edmto tvrzen\u00edm nutn\u011b spojena domn\u011bnka v\u0161emocn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy.\u00a0<\/span>5<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0A to lze samoz\u0159ejm\u011b naplnit pouze odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ne bez pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, \u0161irok\u00fdch obzor\u016f a velk\u00e9ho smyslu pro zodpov\u011bdnost; proto\u017ee z\u00e1kony hluboce zasahuj\u00ed do lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f a osud\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed pln\u00e1 moc vy\u017eaduje, aby osoba ud\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed plnou moc m\u011bla stejn\u00e9 dovednosti nebo alespo\u0148 stejn\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1hled jako zmocn\u011bnec. Jinak nem\u016f\u017ee posoudit, zda je zvolen\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk vhodn\u00fd k tomu, aby vn\u00edmal z\u00e1m\u011bry voli\u010d\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed m\u00edt tak\u00e9 alespo\u0148 ur\u010ditou \u017eivotn\u00ed zku\u0161enost a vysp\u011blost ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u00fasudk\u016f o spole\u010densk\u00fdch pom\u011brech a schopnost rozli\u0161ovat mezi zd\u00e1n\u00edm a skute\u010dnost\u00ed, fr\u00e1z\u00ed a pravdou, chtivost\u00ed po moci a skute\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem o spole\u010dn\u00e9 dobro v dne\u0161n\u00ed stran\u011b. Syst\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proces dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee nicne\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00ed term\u00edn \u201ev\u011bk\u201c se na ve\u0159ejnosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mnohem \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e star\u00fd term\u00edn \u201edosp\u011blost\u201c, jeho\u017e v\u00fdznam je tak vytla\u010den z pov\u011bdom\u00ed. \u201c\u00a0<\/span>Ko\u0159en slova sah\u00e1 ke starohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9mu a staroseversk\u00e9mu podstatn\u00e9mu jm\u00e9nu ‚mund‘ = ochrana, ruka; ‚mundboro‘ byl str\u00e1\u017ece ve star\u00e9 horn\u00ed n\u011bm\u010din\u011b. … Zralost je tedy schopnost vz\u00edt se do vlastn\u00edch rukou a chr\u00e1nit se.\u201c\u00a0<\/span>6<\/span><\/sup><\/em>
\n<\/sup><\/em>Podle toho se tak\u00e9 na Wikipedii p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Term\u00edn zralost popisuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed schopnost sebeur\u010den\u00ed a osobn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnosti. Zralost je stav nez\u00e1vislosti. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete mluvit a starat se o sebe.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Je to tak u 18let\u00e9ho, nebo i u 16let\u00e9ho? Tuto ot\u00e1zku nemohou zodpov\u011bd\u011bt z\u00e1jmov\u011b orientovan\u00ed strani\u010dt\u00ed politici, mus\u00ed ji objasnit objektivn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed psycholog\u016f, antropolog\u016f a pedagog\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed za ni odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed svou odbornou zp\u016fsobilost\u00ed jako odborn\u00edci. “\u00a0<\/span>Pokud chcete v\u011bd\u011bt, zda by t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9 d\u011bti m\u011bly j\u00edst sladkosti, pt\u00e1te se\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jednou sv\u00fdch poslucha\u010d\u016f odborn\u00edky na t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9 d\u011bti nebo odborn\u00edky na sladkosti?“\u00a0\u010clov\u011bk m\u00e1 dojem, \u017ee parlament je pln\u00fd odborn\u00edk\u016f na sladkosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zku\u0161en\u00fd u\u010ditel v\u00ed, \u017ee s pohlavn\u00ed zralost\u00ed se ment\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly my\u0161len\u00ed, c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed a cht\u011bn\u00ed u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed osvobozuj\u00ed od orientace na zn\u00e1m\u00e9 dosp\u011bl\u00e9 a jsou nyn\u00ed postupn\u011b k dispozici pro vlastn\u00ed, n\u011bkdy vehementn\u00ed, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. O bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m zach\u00e1zen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnou duchovn\u00ed autoritou uvnit\u0159 v\u0161ak nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159e\u010d. Z hlediska v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 psychologie prob\u00edhaj\u00ed tyto procesy ve t\u0159ech kroc\u00edch. Od 14 do 16 1\/3, doba du\u0161evn\u00ed puberty, se rozv\u00edj\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed, do 18 2\/3 let, v dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed a pak do 21. roku, ke zralosti, samostatn\u00e1 V\u016fle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b je zku\u0161enost vlastn\u00edho \u201esvobodn\u00e9ho\u201c my\u0161len\u00ed. Mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk se vymyk\u00e1 autorit\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, kter\u00e1 byla d\u0159\u00edve v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b samoz\u0159ejm\u00e1, a p\u0159er\u016fst\u00e1 v pocit, \u017ee nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee s\u00e1m n\u011bco posoudit. Ale pojmy jsou\u00a0<\/span>tla\u010deny neuspo\u0159\u00e1danou v\u016fl\u00ed. My\u0161lenky se rychle m\u011bn\u00ed a kritika je rychle vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena. Soudy, kter\u00e9 mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk vyhla\u0161uje, v\u0161ak lze jen z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159ev\u00e9st v \u010diny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad studenti 9. nebo 10. t\u0159\u00eddy mohou vyj\u00e1d\u0159it \u201evelk\u00e9\u201c n\u00e1pady na ve\u010d\u00edrek, ale pak jsou r\u00e1di, kdy\u017e u\u010ditel p\u0159evezme kontrolu nad\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>designem<\/span><\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n

St\u00e1le m\u00e1te pot\u0159ebu se o sebe op\u0159\u00edt, vybrat si autoritu, u kter\u00e9 jste se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017eete spolehnout na jej\u00ed \u00fasudek a schopnosti, chcete-li si vytvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor. Mus\u00edte m\u00edt tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc jistotu od dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9mu se nyn\u00ed dobrovoln\u011b sv\u011b\u0159ujete: Nech\u00e1 m\u011b j\u00edt, ale nezklame.\u00a0<\/span>8<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0Proto\u017ee pod sebou si velmi dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomujete svou vlastn\u00ed nejistotu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, od 16 2\/3 do konce 19. roku, se vlastn\u00ed, d\u0159\u00edve \u010dasto chaotick\u00fd, citov\u00fd sv\u011bt st\u00e1le v\u00edce usazuje a dozr\u00e1v\u00e1. Pocity se snoub\u00ed s vysok\u00fdmi ide\u00e1ly zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta, kter\u00e9 jdou \u010dasto ruku v ruce s asketismem ve vlastn\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu. “\u00a0<\/span>V\u00e1\u0161 vlastn\u00ed pokoj je ‚vyklizen‘, vybaven\u00ed je omezeno na to nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, u\u017e si nedovol\u00edte, aby se k v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed dostala tak bl\u00edzko\u00a0<\/span>9 \u00a0<\/span><\/sup><\/em>\u00a0Sv\u011bt my\u0161lenek se nyn\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 existenci\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm my\u0161len\u00edm v kombinaci se siln\u00fdm soucitem se spole\u010densk\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm .“\u00a0probl\u00e9my.<\/span><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00ed f\u00e1zi dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed do 21 let se v\u016fle st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00edce v\u011bdom\u011b dostupnou, vedenou zevnit\u0159. \u201c\u00a0<\/span>Novou v\u011bc\u00ed na t\u00e9to situaci je, \u017ee mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee d\u011blat to, co vid\u011bl a c\u00edtil. \u201eZku\u0161enost\u201c se st\u00e1v\u00e1 obl\u00edben\u00fdm slovem t\u00e9to doby. S\u00edla \u00fasudku se m\u016f\u017ee spojit s v\u016fl\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se osamostatnila, a d\u00e1t j\u00ed c\u00edle. My\u0161lenka je napln\u011bna kvalitou v\u016fle; T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem dos\u00e1hne reality a m\u016f\u017ee ji zm\u011bnit.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Va\u0161e vlastn\u00ed pohyby jsou tak\u00e9 formov\u00e1ny zevnit\u0159 va\u0161\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed autorita, ze kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed a je vedena v\u016fle, vlastn\u00ed ego, se osvobozuje a probouz\u00ed se k sob\u011b sam\u00e9mu<\/span>
\na\u017e kolem 21. roku \u017eivota.<\/span><\/p>\n

Volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo pod t\u00edmto \u010dasov\u00fdm bodem je \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9 a prozrazuje z\u00e1m\u011br p\u0159il\u00e1kat voli\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt manipulov\u00e1ni \u2013 v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd znak \u00fapadku vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed dekadentn\u00ed strany, kter\u00e1 je st\u00e1le bezskrupul\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby si udr\u017eela svou vlastn\u00ed moc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dakol vychovatel\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Prvo\u0159ad\u00fdm \u00fakolem pedagog\u016f by bylo vyu\u017e\u00edt svou odbornost a odpov\u011bdnost za blaho sv\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed k r\u00e1zn\u00e9mu protestu proti tomuto \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho v\u011bku. \u017d\u00e1k\u016fm jsou zp\u016fsobeny velk\u00e9 \u0161kody a zdrav\u00e9mu rozvoji jejich \u00fasudku jsou kladeny p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. Proto\u017ee jste vyz\u00fdv\u00e1ni, abyste d\u011blali \u00fasudky, kter\u00e9 nejsou zalo\u017eeny na nezbytn\u00fdch komplexn\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch znalostech a \u017eivotn\u00edch zku\u0161enostech. Tak\u017ee to jsou v podstat\u011b p\u0159edsudky. Ty se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed zvyky du\u0161e, kter\u00e9 jim kladou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky do cesty \u017eivotem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eProto\u017ee jakmile si o n\u011bjak\u00e9 v\u011bci ud\u011bl\u00e1te \u00fasudek, v\u017edy jste j\u00ed ovlivn\u011bni, u\u017e nevn\u00edm\u00e1te zku\u0161enost tak, jak byste ji p\u0159ijali, kdybyste si nevytvo\u0159ili \u00fasudek, kter\u00fd je s touto v\u011bc\u00ed spojen. Mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk mus\u00ed m\u00edt smysl pro to, \u017ee se nejprve u\u010d\u00ed a pak soud\u00ed.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/em>10<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pod t\u00edm si studenti obvykle uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed sv\u016fj nedostatek soudnosti. V 15. Shell Youth Study v roce 2006 bylo celkem 2 532 mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku od 12 do 25 let dot\u00e1z\u00e1no:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u201eCo si mysl\u00edte o my\u0161lence sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u011bkovou hranici pro \u00fa\u010dast ve feder\u00e1ln\u00edch volb\u00e1ch z 18 let, aby lid\u00e9 mohl volit od 16 let?“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0Nesouhlasilo 52 procent dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch, souhlasilo pouze 24,7 procenta a 22,8 procenta uvedlo, \u017ee je jim to jedno.\u00a0<\/span>11<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u010ditel\u00e9 by m\u011bli stav\u011bt na vlastn\u00ed nejistot\u011b student\u016f, na jasn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkladech jim uk\u00e1zat podm\u00ednky a po\u017eadavky pro vhodn\u00e9, odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 volebn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed a pot\u00e9 nechat na nich, aby rozhodli, zda vyu\u017eij\u00ed sv\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale co jin\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edci, kdy\u017e pedagogov\u00e9 za\u010dle\u0148uj\u00ed do prim\u00e1rn\u00edch \u0161kol dokonce i \u017e\u00e1ky 8. a 9. t\u0159\u00edd, tedy 15. a 14. let, a zatahuj\u00ed je tak do p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho \u00fasudku, kdy pedagogov\u00e9 v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee spole\u010dnost st\u00e1le nem\u00e1 zralost v \u00fasudku, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a cht\u011bj\u00ed ovlivnit sv\u00e9 16let\u00e9 studenty, aby zvolili po\u017eadovan\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a indoktrinovali je? Z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b po\u0161kozuj\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj nezletil\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jim byly sv\u011b\u0159eny.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n

1\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/www.gew.de\/aktuelles\/detailseite\/lehrkraefte-muessen-nicht-neutral-sein<\/span><\/a>
\n2 \u201eGEW po\u017eaduje: u\u010ditel\u00e9 se mus\u00ed postavit AfD\u201c<\/span>
\nPravicov\u00fd extremismus: GEW po\u017eaduje: u\u010ditel\u00e9 se mus\u00ed postavit AfD \u2013 Politics (stuttgarter-zeitung.de)<\/span><\/a>
\n3 viz pozn\u00e1mka 1<\/span>
\n4\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vera-lengsfeld.de<\/span><\/a>\u00a05. b\u0159ezna 2019<\/span>
\n5 Srov.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 chyba<\/span><\/a>
\n6 Christoph G\u00f6pfert: Proces dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, v Chr a Literatura, Stuttgart 1993, str. 22<\/span>
\n7 tamt\u00e9\u017e str. 23 f\u00a0.<\/span>
\n8\u00a0Srov v\u00fdchova d\u00edt\u011bte, 1976 , s. 40, 41\u00a011\u00a0\u00a0kas.de<\/a>\u00a0s dal\u0161\u00edmi pr\u016fzkumy<\/span><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Levicov\u00e1 politick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda ji\u017e sn\u00ed\u017eila v\u011bk pro \u00fa\u010dast ve volb\u00e1ch do EU a m\u00edstn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,6907,7551,2652],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57209"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57209\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}