{"id":57069,"date":"2024-07-04T07:18:32","date_gmt":"2024-07-04T05:18:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=57069"},"modified":"2024-07-04T07:18:32","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T05:18:32","slug":"hamas-nikdy-nebyl-silnejsi-izrael-uvizl-ve-valce-kterou-nemuze-vyhrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/04\/hamas-nikdy-nebyl-silnejsi-izrael-uvizl-ve-valce-kterou-nemuze-vyhrat\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eHamas nikdy nebyl siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c: Izrael uv\u00edzl ve v\u00e1lce, kterou nem\u016f\u017ee vyhr\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9m tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je bl\u00edzko k por\u00e1\u017ece militant\u016f z Gazy, ale fakta ukazuj\u00ed opak<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

B\u011bhem dubna se IDF zam\u011b\u0159ila na v\u00edce ne\u017e 32 000 vojensk\u00fdch m\u00edst pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch Ham\u00e1su a jeho spojenc\u016fm. V \u010dervnu Izrael ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee 15 000 militant\u016f skupiny bylo zlikvidov\u00e1no. Ale experti si jsou jisti, \u017ee tato opat\u0159en\u00ed nevym\u00fdt\u00ed isl\u00e1mskou skupinu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 na starosti Gazu od roku 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePostupujeme na konec f\u00e1ze likvidace teroristick\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy Ham\u00e1su,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u0159ekl v pond\u011bl\u00ed premi\u00e9r Benjamin Netanjahu v projevu ke kadet\u016fm Izraelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrann\u00e9 \u0161koly.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eVelmi na m\u011b zap\u016fsobily \u00fasp\u011bchy nad zem\u00ed i pod zem\u00ed a bojov\u00fd duch velitel\u016f. S t\u00edmto duchem dos\u00e1hneme na\u0161ich c\u00edl\u016f: vr\u00e1tit na\u0161e rukojm\u00ed, eliminovat vojensk\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed schopnosti Hamasu, zajistit, \u017ee Gaza nebude p\u0159edstavovat hrozbu…\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0dodal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od 7. \u0159\u00edjna 2023 \u2013 kdy hordy militant\u016f Hamasu za\u00fato\u010dily na Izrael a zabily v\u00edce ne\u017e 1500 lid\u00ed \u2013 Izrael zlikvidoval des\u00edtky tunel\u016f Hamasu. Zmocnila se sklad\u016f zbran\u00ed a hotovosti, zni\u010dila r\u016fzn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 m\u00edsta, zabila agenty Hamasu a Palestinsk\u00e9ho isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho d\u017eih\u00e1du a zajala tis\u00edce dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed je st\u00e1le vzd\u00e1len\u00e9?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po dev\u00edti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch se v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Izraele nad Hamasem st\u00e1le zd\u00e1 vzd\u00e1len\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed smrt\u00edc\u00edm \u00fatokem ze 7. \u0159\u00edjna se isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 skupina, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 P\u00e1smo pod kontrolou od roku 2007, chlubila p\u011bti brig\u00e1dami nebo 25 prapory s celkov\u00fdm po\u010dtem aktivn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f 30 000.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu Izrael\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159iznal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee zlikvidoval pouze polovinu p\u016fvodn\u00edch sil, neboli 15 000 bojovn\u00edk\u016f Hamasu. V \u00fater\u00fd ve\u010der n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu zem\u011b Herzi Halevi\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee izraelsk\u00e9 s\u00edly zabily v Rafahu ji\u017en\u011b od P\u00e1sma nejm\u00e9n\u011b 900 ozbrojenc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1vy\u00a0<\/span>nazna\u010duj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee Hamas nyn\u00ed aktivn\u011b rekrutuje nov\u00e9 kadety, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed jsou ve v\u011bku 18 let, aby doplnili sv\u00e9 \u0159ady, ale i kdy\u017e se jim nepoda\u0159\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout p\u016fvodn\u00edho po\u010dtu, st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed prapory jsou v\u00edce ne\u017e dostate\u010dn\u00e9, aby se postavily Izraeli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b v pond\u011bl\u00ed ozbrojenci Hamasu\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vyp\u00e1lili<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dvacet raket z Ch\u00e1n J\u00fanis na izraelsk\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed komunity, \u010d\u00edm\u017e uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee jsou st\u00e1le schopni bojovat. Oblasti, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159edt\u00edm pro Ham\u00e1s pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9, nyn\u00ed za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed. Izrael\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci v P\u00e1smu nad\u00e1le padaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 denn\u011b a jejich celkov\u00fd po\u010det ji\u017e p\u0159esahuje 670.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Nev\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee Izrael dok\u00e1\u017ee Ham\u00e1s \u00fapln\u011b zni\u010dit,“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl Shadi Abdelrahman, politick\u00fd analytik a rod\u00e1k z Gazy, kter\u00fd opustil p\u00e1smo kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eHamas nen\u00ed jako \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 skupina. Nejsou to outside\u0159i. Maj\u00ed ideologii spojenou s n\u011bjakou v\u011bc\u00ed, a tou je bojovat za svou zemi nebo pomst\u00edt smrt sv\u00fdch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0dodal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hamas, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z Muslimsk\u00e9ho bratrstva, radik\u00e1ln\u00ed islamistick\u00e9 organizace, kterou mnoho region\u00e1ln\u00edch i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f pova\u017euje za teroristickou, byl zalo\u017een v Gaze koncem 80. let jako odpov\u011b\u010f na to, co naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed izraelskou okupac\u00ed a neschopnost\u00ed jin\u00fdch palestinsk\u00fdch frakc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Fatahu, \u010delit to. Ale byli mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen skupina, kter\u00e1 cht\u011bla Izraeli vojensky vzdorovat. Stejn\u011b jako jejich patroni, Muslimsk\u00e9 bratrstvo, byli soci\u00e1ln\u00edm hnut\u00edm: zakl\u00e1dali \u0161koly a nemocnice, provozovali charitativn\u00ed organizace a slou\u017eili jako zprost\u0159edkovatel\u00e9 rodinn\u00fdch spor\u016f, a to z nich ud\u011blalo nepostradatelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st gazansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eSoci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, dne\u0161n\u00ed Hamas nem\u00e1 tolik moci a nem\u016f\u017ee poskytnout to, co d\u0159\u00edve, jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee se nem\u016f\u017ee voln\u011b pohybovat kv\u016fli t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9mu ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed Izraele,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vysv\u011btlil Abdelrahman.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eVojensky byly tak\u00e9 po\u0161kozeny jejich schopnosti. Z\u00e1soby jejich zbran\u00ed se vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00ed, mnoho tunel\u016f bylo zni\u010deno, infrastruktura byla zdevastov\u00e1na. Jejich bojovn\u00edci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vy\u010derpan\u00ed, proto\u017ee bojovali u\u017e dlouhou dobu. Ale z politick\u00e9ho hlediska Ham\u00e1s nikdy nebyl siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0dodal analytik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho\u00a0<\/span>pr\u016fzkumu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd provedlo Palestinsk\u00e9 centrum pro v\u00fdzkum politiky a pr\u016fzkumu, 67 % Palestinc\u016f \u2013 jak na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu, tak v Gaze \u2013 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Hamas m\u011bl pravdu, kdy\u017e zah\u00e1jil smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00edjnov\u00fd \u00fatok, zat\u00edmco 61 % uvedlo, \u017ee by cht\u011bli viz Ham\u00e1s, ne \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 skupina, kter\u00e1 po v\u00e1lce ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 P\u00e1s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dr\u017eet se u moci<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ham\u00e1s ji\u017e podnik\u00e1 kroky t\u00edmto sm\u011brem. Ham\u00e1s, kter\u00fd vede nel\u00edtostn\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s Izraelem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm egyptsk\u00fdch a katarsk\u00fdch prost\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, nahlas a jasn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee nem\u00e1 v \u00famyslu vzd\u00e1t se sv\u00e9 moci, a\u017e v\u00e1lka skon\u010d\u00ed. Izrael trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee sou\u010dasnou konfrontaci zastav\u00ed pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee Ham\u00e1s bude mimo z\u00e1b\u011br. Ale egyptsk\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel zapojen\u00fd do rozhovor\u016f mezi Izraelem a isl\u00e1mskou skupinou, kter\u00fd souhlasil s t\u00edm, \u017ee bude mluvit pod podm\u00ednkou anonymity, \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u017eidovsk\u00fd st\u00e1t nebude m\u00edt jinou mo\u017enost, ne\u017e nechat Ham\u00e1s hr\u00e1t roli ve vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed s\u00edle enkl\u00e1vy, kdy\u017e konflikt kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Izrael nechce, aby se Ham\u00e1s vr\u00e1til k moci, ale a\u0165 se mu to l\u00edb\u00ed nebo ne, Ham\u00e1s bude hr\u00e1t roli v budouc\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b P\u00e1sma, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s Palestinskou samospr\u00e1vou.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00da\u0159edn\u00edci v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b v\u0161ak podle v\u0161eho maj\u00ed jin\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny. Zpr\u00e1vy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee Izrael zva\u017euje p\u0159evzet\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 kontroly nad enkl\u00e1vou, kterou by postupn\u011b nahradila vl\u00e1da um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Jakmile se situace stabilizuje, Izrael p\u0159ed\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010de Palestinc\u016fm, ale budou to nov\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di, ani Hamas, ani Palestinsk\u00e1 samospr\u00e1va, kter\u00e9 Izrael obvi\u0148uje z podpory a financov\u00e1n\u00ed teroru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chyby minulosti<\/span><\/h2>\n

Miriam Wardak, b\u00fdval\u00e1 poradkyn\u011b afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho poradce pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, v\u0161ak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee akce Izraele j\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed USA p\u0159ed dv\u011bma desetilet\u00edmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2001, po smrt\u00edc\u00edch \u00fatoc\u00edch z 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty napadly Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n ve snaze zhroutit vl\u00e1du Talibanu, radik\u00e1ln\u00ed islamistick\u00e9 organizace. Krom\u011b intenzivn\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho tlaku se USA a jejich spojenci tak\u00e9 pokusili pos\u00edlit sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed vl\u00e1du, ale o dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed a 2,3 miliardy dolar\u016f pozd\u011bji se Washingtonu\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>nepoda\u0159ilo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle. V srpnu 2021 se Taliban znovu chopil moci a americk\u00e9 s\u00edly nem\u011bly jinou mo\u017enost, ne\u017e se st\u00e1hnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159i pohledu zp\u011bt na ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 vedly k tomuto fiasku, Wardak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Washington a jeho spojenci\u00a0<\/span>\u201ebojovali o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed siln\u00e9, udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch sil\u201c, co\u017e byla<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0okolnost, kter\u00e1 vedla k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 korupci a neefektivit\u011b v afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b. Nepoda\u0159ilo se jim tak\u00e9 od\u010derpat podporu vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch akt\u00e9r\u016f, vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se se schopnost\u00ed Talibanu vyu\u017e\u00edvat m\u00edstn\u00ed k\u0159ivdy a nedok\u00e1zali se vyrovnat s partyz\u00e1nskou taktikou skupiny, kter\u00e1 podkopala americk\u00e9 a afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 s\u00edly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 b\u00fdval\u00fd poradce, se zd\u00e1, \u017ee Izrael tyto chyby opakuje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePro za\u010d\u00e1tek, Izrael \u2013 stejn\u011b jako USA \u2013 mo\u017en\u00e1 podce\u0148uje schopnost sv\u00e9ho rivala p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt a udr\u017eet si podporu navzdory intenzivn\u00edmu vojensk\u00e9mu tlaku. Za druh\u00e9, Izrael mo\u017en\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u011b ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podporu, kterou Ham\u00e1s dost\u00e1v\u00e1 od region\u00e1ln\u00edch akt\u00e9r\u016f. Za t\u0159et\u00ed, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 operace Izraele, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 civiln\u00ed ob\u011bti, jen zvy\u0161uj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed opozici, a co je hor\u0161\u00ed, vedou tak\u00e9 k dal\u0161\u00ed radikalizaci,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0argumentovala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wardak si je jist\u00fd, \u017ee zni\u010den\u00ed Ham\u00e1su bude tvrd\u00fd o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek. Pou\u010dila se z americk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu a v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee vojensk\u00fd tlak nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jedinou odpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eAby Izrael \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b \u010delil hrozb\u011b, kterou p\u0159edstavuje Ham\u00e1s, m\u011bl by zv\u00e1\u017eit mnohostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek pot\u0159ebuje zlep\u0161it \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky v Gaze. M\u011bla by podporovat rozvoj legitimn\u00edch a efektivn\u00edch palestinsk\u00fdch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch struktur, kter\u00e9 mohou vyv\u00e1\u017eit vliv Ham\u00e1su.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eKrom\u011b toho by m\u011bl Izrael \u00fazce spolupracovat s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi partnery, aby vyv\u00edjel diplomatick\u00fd a ekonomick\u00fd tlak na Ham\u00e1s a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se vyh\u00fdbal akc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 odcizuj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed palestinsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo. Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch, zpravodajsk\u00fdch informac\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch operac\u00ed k oslaben\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed Ham\u00e1su p\u0159i minimalizaci civiln\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. A kone\u010dn\u011b, zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dialog a mechanismy \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f by mohlo pomoci omezit nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro dlouhodob\u00e9 politick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0shrnula.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Autor: Elizabeth<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Blade<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, korespondentka RT pro St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdchod<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9m tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je bl\u00edzko k por\u00e1\u017ece militant\u016f z Gazy, ale fakta ukazuj\u00ed opak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57070,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,348,347,107],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57069"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57069"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57069\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}