{"id":56938,"date":"2024-07-03T00:43:19","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T22:43:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=56938"},"modified":"2024-07-02T16:47:23","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T14:47:23","slug":"jihovychodni-asie-ma-sve-duvody-proc-se-preorientovat-na-brics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/03\/jihovychodni-asie-ma-sve-duvody-proc-se-preorientovat-na-brics\/","title":{"rendered":"Jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 d\u016fvody, pro\u010d se p\u0159eorientovat na BRICS"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zem\u011b ASEAN jsou p\u0159itahov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edstupem k financ\u00edm a politick\u00fdm hnut\u00edm nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm na vlivu Washingtonu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1hl\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed zem\u00ed BRICS ze strany jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie je glob\u00e1ln\u00edm ot\u0159esem, kter\u00fd jen m\u00e1lokdo ve Washingtonu vid\u011bl p\u0159ich\u00e1zet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Malajsie v minul\u00fdch dnech nast\u00ednila sv\u00e9 ambice p\u0159ipojit se k Braz\u00edlii, Rusku, Indii, \u010c\u00edn\u011b a Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe. Thajsko a Vietnam jsou tak\u00e9 mezi \u010dleny Sdru\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, kte\u0159\u00ed vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed podobn\u00fd z\u00e1jem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V Indon\u00e9sii roste pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tom, \u017ee Argentina, Egypt, Etiopie, \u00cdr\u00e1n, Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie a dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b \u201e\u00a0<\/span>glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c by m\u011bly sout\u011b\u017eit o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k t\u00e9to vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

V rozhovoru pro \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia p\u0159ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou Li Qianga v Malajsii premi\u00e9r Anwar Ibrahim deklaroval sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br p\u0159ipojit se k bloku pot\u00e9, co se jeho velikost v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce zdvojn\u00e1sobila. Tato dynamika p\u0159itahuje zem\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu \u2013 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edstupu k financ\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 d\u00edky nab\u00eddce politick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho na vlivu Washingtonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aspekt jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie by se mohl uk\u00e1zat jako obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b problematick\u00fd pro americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Joea Bidena. Charakteristick\u00fdm znakem Bidenovy \u00e9ry od roku 2021 bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed hr\u00e1ze proti rostouc\u00edmu vlivu \u010c\u00edny a snaze nahradit americk\u00fd dolar v obchodu a financ\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jsme sv\u011bdky v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho zlomu ve vztaz\u00edch mezi USA a mnoha \u010dleny ASEAN. To p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy se\u00a0<\/span>Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sna\u017e\u00ed zru\u0161it \u201epetrodolar\u201c. Rij\u00e1d zintenziv\u0148uje sv\u00e9 dedolariza\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u010c\u00edna, Rusko a \u00cdr\u00e1n tla\u010d\u00ed zp\u011bt proti star\u00fdm alianc\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eMo\u017en\u00e1 prob\u00edh\u00e1 postupn\u00e1 demokratizace glob\u00e1ln\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ustoup\u00ed sv\u011btu, ve kter\u00e9m lze pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed transakce pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u00edce m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 analytik Hung Tran z Geoekonomick\u00e9ho centra Atlantic Council. \u201eV\u00a0<\/span>takov\u00e9m<\/span><\/em>\u00a0sv\u011bt\u011b by dolar nad\u00e1le hr\u00e1l d\u016fle\u017eitou roli, ale ji\u017e by nebyl tak ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed, a byl by dopln\u011bn m\u011bnami jako \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd renminbi, euro a japonsk\u00fd jen zp\u016fsobem odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu v\u00fdznamu jejich ekonomiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tran poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ev tomto kontextu je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie nakl\u00e1d\u00e1 s petrodolarem, d\u016fle\u017eitou p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed jej\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed budoucnosti\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cesta Malajsie vypr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Premi\u00e9r Anwar Ibrahim se celosv\u011btov\u011b proslavil jako proz\u00e1padn\u00ed ministr financ\u00ed. To bylo koncem 90. let, kdy se Anwarovy reformn\u00ed tendence st\u0159etly s n\u00e1zory tehdej\u0161\u00edho premi\u00e9ra Mahathira Mohamada.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahathir Anwara propustil. M\u00edstop\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy Anwar byl vyhozen a pozd\u011bji zadr\u017een. Snahy Anwara o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed konkurenceschopnosti a vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek byly rovn\u011b\u017e zma\u0159eny. Mahathir zavedl kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 kontroly a vyhnul se Malaysia Inc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed je to Anwar, kdo se odvrac\u00ed od politiky inspirovan\u00e9 Adamem Smithem, kterou kdysi prosazoval \u2013 a sm\u011brem k\u00a0<\/span>BRICS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Ujasnili jsme na\u0161i politiku a rozhodli jsme se,“ \u0159ekl Anwar \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu m\u00e9diu\u00a0<\/span>Guancha<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201eBrzy zah\u00e1j\u00edme form\u00e1ln\u00ed proces. Pokud jde o glob\u00e1ln\u00ed jih, pln\u011b jej podporujeme.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Anwar ocenil brazilsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Luize Inacia Lulu da Silvu, kter\u00fd je odhodl\u00e1n ukon\u010dit nadvl\u00e1du dolaru.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eMinul\u00fd rok m\u011bla Malajsie v\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed investice, ale m\u011bna byla st\u00e1le pod \u00fatokem,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Anwar. \u201eNo, v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech se situace uvolnila. Ale to ned\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, je to v rozporu se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi ekonomick\u00fdmi principy.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Anwar poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: Pro\u010d? \u201eM\u011bna, kter\u00e1 je zcela mimo obchodn\u00ed syst\u00e9m t\u011bchto dvou zem\u00ed a nen\u00ed relevantn\u00ed pro ekonomick\u00e9 aktivity v zemi, zv\u00edt\u011bzila jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bna,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z mnoha d\u016fvod\u016f pro Anwarovu ideologickou tv\u00e1\u0159 je n\u00e1stup \u010c\u00edny na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed sc\u00e9nu jako motor region\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u016fstu. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem je \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00ed narativ\u201c kolem ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, jako byl \u00fatok Hamasu na Izrael 7. \u0159\u00edjna.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Malajsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Anwar Ibrahim chv\u00e1lil \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Si \u0164in-pchinga po jejich setk\u00e1n\u00ed v Pekingu 31. b\u0159ezna 2023. Obr\u00e1zek: Facebook \/ Anwar Ibrahim<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

„Lid\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1d mluv\u00ed o 7. \u0159\u00edjnu, a to m\u011b \u0161tve,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Anwar. \u201eChcete vymazat 70 let historie citov\u00e1n\u00edm jedin\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti? To je z\u00e1padn\u00ed narativ. Vid\u00edte, to je probl\u00e9m Z\u00e1padu. Cht\u011bj\u00ed m\u00edt pod kontrolou diskurz, ale to u\u017e nem\u016f\u017eeme akceptovat, proto\u017ee u\u017e nejsou koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnost\u00ed a nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 zem\u011b by se m\u011bly svobodn\u011b vyjad\u0159ovat.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Na konci kv\u011btna Thajsko ozn\u00e1milo, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o vstup do\u00a0<\/span>BRICS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, aby pos\u00edlilo svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost na sv\u011btov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b. Pokud bude \u017e\u00e1dost schv\u00e1lena, Bangkok by byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed ASEAN, kter\u00e1 bude zahrnuta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eThajsko v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee BRICS hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i posilov\u00e1n\u00ed multilater\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi zem\u011bmi glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu, co\u017e je v souladu s na\u0161imi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy,\u201c vysv\u011btluje mluv\u010d\u00ed ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Nikorndej Balankura. \u201ePokud jde o ekonomick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy, p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k BRICS by pos\u00edlilo roli Thajska na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci s rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edmi se ekonomikami, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti obchodu, investic a potravinov\u00e9 a energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Soumya Bhowmick, spolupracovn\u00edk think-tanku Observer Research Foundation, v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee thajsk\u00e1 nab\u00eddka podporuje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategick\u00e9 c\u00edle Pekingu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd vliv v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePro \u010c\u00ednu,\u201c \u0159ekl Bhowmick, \u201e\u010dlenstv\u00ed Thajska p\u0159edstavuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jej\u00edho region\u00e1ln\u00edho vlivu a dopl\u0148uje jej\u00ed iniciativu Belt and Road. To je v souladu se strategick\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy \u010c\u00edny podporovat u\u017e\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 vazby a rozvoj infrastruktury v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed seskupen\u00ed BRIC zalo\u017eil v roce 2001 tehdej\u0161\u00ed ekonom Goldman Sachs Jim O’Neill. \u010clenov\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u011b spojili sv\u00e9 s\u00edly v roce 2009. O rok pozd\u011bji p\u0159idali \u201eS\u201c, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ipojila Ji\u017en\u00ed Afrika. V roce 2023 se BRICS zdvojn\u00e1sobil a p\u0159idaly se dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b z\u00a0<\/span>glob\u00e1ln\u00edho jihu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zem\u011b BRICS+ dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed polovinu sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace a dv\u011b p\u011btiny obchodu, v\u010detn\u011b hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f a dovozc\u016f energie. Zem\u011b BRICS+ rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed 38 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho dovozu ropy v \u010dele s \u010c\u00ednou a Indi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePokud se k zem\u00edm BRICS+ p\u0159ipoj\u00ed v\u00edce velk\u00fdch rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se ekonomik, seskupen\u00ed by mohlo d\u00e1t glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu Jihu siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hlas ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech a zpochybnit dominanci st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch instituc\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekl Daniel Azevedo, analytik Boston Consulting Group.<\/span><\/p>\n

BRICS+, pokra\u010doval Azevedo, \u201evytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed f\u00f3rum, kter\u00e9 alespo\u0148 d\u00e1v\u00e1 rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se zem\u00edm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost koordinovat se v glob\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch a zkoumat nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k podpo\u0159e vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje a r\u016fstu. A neust\u00e1le se vyv\u00edj\u00ed.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Azevedo poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee budov\u00e1n\u00edm politick\u00fdch a finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed a platebn\u00edho mechanismu pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed transakc\u00ed m\u00e1 BRICS \u201ev\u00fdznamn\u00fd potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad na budoucnost obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s energi\u00ed, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finance, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, m\u011bnovou politiku a technologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V d\u016fsledku toho, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Azevedo, \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti mus\u00ed za\u010dlenit tyto nov\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti do sv\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch strategi\u00ed. M\u011bli by tak\u00e9 pos\u00edlit sv\u00e9 schopnosti vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a zm\u00edr\u0148ovat rizika\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

BRICS se ne v\u017edy uk\u00e1zaly jako \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd blok. Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u011bt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo spole\u010dn\u00e9ho mimo p\u0159edstavivost n\u011bkter\u00fdch ekonom\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee BRICS se \u010dasto zaj\u00edm\u00e1 pouze o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu k rychle rostouc\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomice a o nic jin\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paul McNamara, investi\u010dn\u00ed \u0159editel GAM Investments, mluv\u00ed za mnoh\u00e9, kdy\u017e poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>BRICS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jsou st\u00e1le zkratkou p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed koherentn\u00edho ekonomick\u00e9ho argumentu. Bez \u010c\u00edny jako srdce, pt\u00e1 se McNamara, m\u011bla by v\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch elit z\u00e1jem o BRICS?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ian Bremmer, prezident Eurasia Group, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201eimpotence BRICS\u201c d\u011bl\u00e1 vstup do skupiny \u201en\u00edzkou hrou s ur\u010dit\u00fdm potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00ednosem\u201c. Mohlo by to pomoci Thajsku, aby se zal\u00edbilo \u010c\u00edn\u011b, jej\u00edmu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu obchodn\u00edmu partnerovi a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 hrozb\u011b. Ale pokud ne, co Bangkok skute\u010dn\u011b ztratil?<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce vyslal Vietnam delegaci do Ruska, aby se z\u00fa\u010dastnila summitu BRICS. Tamn\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed Nguyen Minh Hang \u0159ekl, \u017ee Hanoj \u200b\u200bby r\u00e1da spolupracovala s podobn\u011b sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00edmi rozvojov\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

To v\u0161e se d\u011bje na pozad\u00ed zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch se americk\u00fdch financ\u00ed \u2013 a ve chv\u00edli vrchol\u00edc\u00ed politick\u00e9 dysfunkce. St\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 35 bilion\u016fm dolar\u016f \u2013 na cest\u011b k\u00a0<\/span>50 bilion\u016fm dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a Bidenovi demokrat\u00e9 a republik\u00e1ni Donalda Trumpa u\u017e spolu sotva mluv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

To nev\u011bst\u00ed nic dobr\u00e9ho pro kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy nebo dlouhodob\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed inovac\u00ed a produktivity. Hroz\u00ed tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed na Capitol Hill, jako bylo to, ke kter\u00e9mu do\u0161lo 6. ledna 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato ud\u00e1lost hr\u00e1la p\u0159\u00edmou roli v rozhodnut\u00ed agentury Fitch Ratings v srpnu 2023 st\u00e1hnout Washingtonu rating AAA. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed polarizace, vysv\u011btluje analytik Fitch Richard Francis, „bylo n\u011bco, co jsme zd\u016fraznili, proto\u017ee je to prost\u011b odraz zhor\u0161en\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch, je to jedna z mnoha.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zkou nyn\u00ed je, jak Moody’s Investors Service, kter\u00e1 Washingtonu st\u00e1le ud\u011bluje rating AAA, zareaguje na volebn\u00ed chaos, kdy\u017e Trump usiluje o n\u00e1vrat k moci. A zat\u00edmco Biden se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ekonat Trumpa nov\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edmi sankcemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

To p\u0159edstavuje hlavn\u00ed riziko pro cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry americk\u00e9ho ministerstva financ\u00ed samotn\u00e9 Japonsko a \u010c\u00edna dr\u017e\u00ed v americk\u00e9m vl\u00e1dn\u00edm dluhu dohromady 2 biliony dolar\u016f. Jak\u00fdkoli n\u00e1hl\u00fd n\u00e1por na dolar by mohl vyvolat v\u00fdprodej a poslat v\u00fdnosy v USA prudce nahoru.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho rezervn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby, jak se v\u0161eobecn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1valo, zvy\u0161uje riziko politick\u00e9 chyby. V minulosti byla jednou z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chyb Fedu to, \u017ee nedok\u00e1zal rozpoznat rozsah pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na \u00fav\u011brov\u00fdch trz\u00edch b\u011bhem krize rizikov\u00fdch hypot\u00e9k v roce 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak t\u00fdm p\u0159edsedy Fedu Jerome Powella prodlu\u017euje \u00e9ru vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdnos\u016f, rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se trhy jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce v t\u00edsni. Plat\u00ed to t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee r\u016fst sm\u011bnn\u00e9ho kurzu dolaru p\u0159itahuje glob\u00e1ln\u00ed kapit\u00e1l.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto obavy hraj\u00ed roli v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm c\u00edli BRICS shrom\u00e1\u017edit v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 miliard dolar\u016f v ciz\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b, aby fungovaly jako tlumi\u010d finan\u010dn\u00edch \u0161ok\u016f. K finan\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm lze z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze, aby se \u010dlenov\u00e9 nemuseli obracet na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond. Od roku 2015 banka zalo\u017een\u00e1 zem\u011bmi BRICS schv\u00e1lila \u00fav\u011bry v des\u00edtk\u00e1ch miliard dolar\u016f na infrastrukturu, dopravu a vodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Projekt\u00a0<\/span>m\u011bny BRICS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nab\u00edr\u00e1 na s\u00edle od poloviny roku 2022, 14. summitu BRICS v Pekingu. Tam rusk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Putin \u0159ekl, \u017ee BRICS vyv\u00edjej\u00ed \u201enovou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervn\u00ed m\u011bnu\u201c a jsou otev\u0159eny \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brazilsk\u00fd prezident Lula se tak\u00e9 vyslovil pro m\u011bnovou jednotku BRICS. \u201ePro\u010d by instituce jako banka BRICS nemohla m\u00edt m\u011bnu na financov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodn\u00edch vztah\u016f mezi Braz\u00edli\u00ed a \u010c\u00ednou, mezi Braz\u00edli\u00ed a v\u0161emi ostatn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi BRICS,\u201c pt\u00e1 se. „Kdo rozhodl, \u017ee dolar bude obchodn\u00ed m\u011bnou po skon\u010den\u00ed parity zlata?“<\/span><\/p>\n

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Brazilsk\u00fd prezident Lula da Silva. Foto: Editora Brasil 247<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Lul\u016fv ministr financ\u00ed Fernando Haddad zd\u016fraznil zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn v bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch obchodn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch, jako jsou kreditn\u00ed bankovky. Podle jeho n\u00e1zoru je t\u0159eba se zam\u011b\u0159it na postupn\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed m\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee se vyhne sv\u011brac\u00ed kazajce, kdy\u017e jsou obchody nutn\u011b vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny v m\u011bn\u011b zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed stranou transakce,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonom TD Bank Vikram Rai poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed desetilet\u00ed nebo dv\u011b uvid\u00edme \u201evelk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro region\u00e1ln\u011b dominantn\u00ed m\u011bny a multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed re\u017eim, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e role, kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed pln\u00ed dolar, budou nahrazeny eurem, otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm j\u00fcanem, budouc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou. m\u011bny a mo\u017en\u00e1 i dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 jsme je\u0161t\u011b nevid\u011bli.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Analytici Moody’s varuj\u00ed, \u017ee nadm\u011brn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 cla, obavy z platebn\u00ed neschopnosti a oslaben\u00ed instituc\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>status<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dolaru\u00a0<\/span>jako rezervn\u00ed m\u011bny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 hrozba pro pozici dolaru poch\u00e1z\u00ed z rizika, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady ud\u011blaj\u00ed v politice chyby vzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad: B. platebn\u00ed neschopnost USA,\u201c argumentuje Moody\u2019s. „Oslabuj\u00edc\u00ed instituce a politick\u00fd obrat sm\u011brem k protekcionismu ohro\u017euj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed roli dolaru.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed k BRICS, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si nemyslet, \u017ee Amerika riskuje ztr\u00e1tu mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e jen ekonomick\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od Williama Pe\u0161ka<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zem\u011b ASEAN jsou p\u0159itahov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edstupem k financ\u00edm a politick\u00fdm hnut\u00edm nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm na vlivu Washingtonu N\u00e1hl\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":56939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,996,1161,1014],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56938"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56938"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56938\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}