{"id":56856,"date":"2024-07-02T00:39:58","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T22:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=56856"},"modified":"2024-07-01T16:13:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T14:13:34","slug":"aby-tanky-jezdily","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/07\/02\/aby-tanky-jezdily\/","title":{"rendered":"Aby tanky jezdily"},"content":{"rendered":"
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S ohledem na mo\u017enou v\u00e1lku proti Rusku Berl\u00edn prosazuje roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed silnic, kolej\u00ed a most\u016f na v\u00fdchod \u2013 i s vyu\u017eit\u00edm civiln\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Odborn\u00edci volaj\u00ed po investic\u00edch a\u017e t\u0159\u00edcifern\u00fdch miliard<\/span><\/h3>\n
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Berl\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed poradci po\u017eaduj\u00ed v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu \u201enejm\u00e9n\u011b\u201c 30 miliard eur na \u201enejnal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c opat\u0159en\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury na v\u00e1lku proti Rusku. Jak p\u00ed\u0161e v aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed studii N\u011bmeck\u00e1 rada pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vztahy (DGAP), tato suma je nezbytn\u00e1 k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b silnic, kolej\u00ed a most\u016f zejm\u00e9na pro p\u0159epravu vojsk a velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu na v\u00fdchod. Krom\u011b toho, vzhledem k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu charakteru dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury dvoj\u00edho u\u017eit\u00ed, existuj\u00ed miliardov\u00e9 investice, kter\u00e9 Berl\u00edn d\u00e1v\u00e1 k dispozici pro projekty civiln\u00ed dopravy. Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed d\u00e1lnice A20, kterou Bundeswehr pot\u0159ebuje nejen pro vojenskou p\u0159epravu na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo NATO, ale tak\u00e9 jako spojnici mezi vojensky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstavy v Severn\u00edm a Baltsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. EU tak\u00e9 poskytuje finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9ho Ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu vojensk\u00e9 mobility 2.0, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je \u201eusnadnit pohyb ozbrojen\u00fdch sil v Evrop\u011b\u201c \u2013 \u201ena vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hranic\u00edch EU i mimo n\u011b\u201c. Prost\u0159edky EU na to \u010din\u00ed 1,69 miliardy eur.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dvoj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Infrastrukturn\u00ed investice, kter\u00e9 prosp\u011bj\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dopravn\u00edch cest na v\u00fdchod a v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b na p\u0159\u00edpadnou v\u00e1lku proti Rusku, neplynou pouze z prost\u0159edk\u016f na vojenskou mobilitu, ale zejm\u00e9na z prost\u0159edk\u016f na civiln\u00ed infrastrukturu. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da potvrzuje, \u017ee \u201evojensk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury\u201c jsou br\u00e1ny v \u00favahu v civiln\u00edm \u201ecelkov\u00e9m pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed dopravn\u00edch tras\u201c; Kter\u00e9 prost\u0159edky by konkr\u00e9tn\u011b prosp\u011bly pot\u0159eb\u00e1m ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, \u201enelze tedy jednotliv\u011b uk\u00e1zat\u201c. \u00dadr\u017eba a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed civiln\u00ed infrastruktury \u201ev podstat\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pot\u0159eb\u00e1m Bundeswehru\u201c. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bmeck\u00e9 mosty d\u011blaj\u00ed Berl\u00edn vhodn\u00fd pro t\u011b\u017ekou dopravu s form\u00e1ln\u00edmi investicemi do civiln\u00ed dopravy \u2013 a \u201ezpravidla tak\u00e9 spl\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161echny po\u017eadavky na vojensk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady\u201c.[1] Odborn\u00edci bl\u00edzc\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b po\u017eaduj\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 investice ve v\u00fd\u0161i 165 miliard eur do civiln\u00ed infrastruktury a dokonce 457 miliard eur b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch deseti let.[2] Na \u00farovni EU je na projekty dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury – tzv. CEF Transport Budget (Connecting Europe Facility for Transport) vy\u010dlen\u011bno celkem 25,8 miliardy eur.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1lnice na v\u00fdchod<\/span><\/h3>\n

Konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 mobility prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm projekt\u016f civiln\u00ed infrastruktury je kontroverzn\u00ed A20, tzv. pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed d\u00e1lnice ve \u0160lesvicku-Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsku. A20 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u201ed\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 spojen\u00ed v\u00fdchod-z\u00e1pad\u201c pro p\u0159esuny vojsk, vysv\u011btluje velitel region\u00e1ln\u00edho velen\u00ed Bundeswehru ve \u0160lesvicku-Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsku Axel Schneider. Nov\u00e1 d\u00e1lnice nab\u00edz\u00ed \u201edal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti propojen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f v Severn\u00edm a Baltsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i\u201c. P\u0159es ob\u011b mo\u0159e vedou hlavn\u00ed transatlantick\u00e9 trasy na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo NATO. \u0160lesvicko-Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsko se tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed \u201ep\u0159ipravit na to, aby se stalo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm prostorem pro p\u0159esuny vojsk do a ze severn\u00ed Evropy,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Schneider, podle n\u011bho\u017e N\u011bmecko ji\u017e m\u00edrov\u00fd stav opustilo: \u201eDe iure nejsme ve v\u00e1lce, de facto ne v\u00edce v klidu.\u201c[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

Obrn\u011bn\u00e9 vlaky<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 je pro vojenskou dopravu je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e silnice. Podle studie DGAP o vojensk\u00e9 mobilit\u011b je kolejov\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u201enejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 logistiky\u201c. P\u0159epravn\u00ed kapacity \u017eeleznice nelze kompenzovat silni\u010dn\u00ed, vodn\u00ed nebo leteckou dopravou; B\u011bhem nasazen\u00ed proti Rusku jsou koleje \u201ehlavn\u00edm kan\u00e1lem\u201c pro p\u0159esun \u201evelk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f a t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 techniky\u201c z Bundeswehru a spojeneck\u00fdch sil. Podle studie je jen v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch t\u0159ech letech zapot\u0159eb\u00ed 88 miliard eur na nejnal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed investice[4]. V r\u00e1mci program\u016f EU v oblasti vojensk\u00e9 mobility p\u0159edlo\u017eila feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da projekt s n\u00e1zvem \u201eC\u00edlen\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktury v\u00fdchod-z\u00e1pad\u201c. Berl\u00edn chce z pen\u011bz EU roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it vle\u010dku na vlakov\u00e9m n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed Sechtem mezi Kol\u00ednem a Bonnem a tak\u00e9 silni\u010dn\u00ed a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed termin\u00e1l v Ulm-Dornstadtu; V Hannoveru-Ahlemu m\u00e1 nav\u00edc vyr\u016fst nov\u00fd most. Odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed ministerstvo dopravy pr\u00fd \u00fazce spolupracuje s ministerstvem obrany. Na projekty je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no celkem asi 183 milion\u016f eur, z \u010deho\u017e EU pokryje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 92 milion\u016f eur.[5]<\/span><\/p>\n

Prioritou je arm\u00e1da<\/span><\/h3>\n

Navzdory rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed civiln\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed dopravy, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e l\u00e9ta trp\u00ed st\u00e1le z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edmi a ru\u0161en\u00edm vlak\u016f, po\u017eaduje DGAP p\u0159i investic\u00edch do \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b prioritu vojensky relevantn\u00edch \u00fasek\u016f trat\u00ed \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b tras mezi Br\u00e9mami a Osnabr\u00fcckem nebo Osnabr\u00fcck a M\u00fcnster.[6] K vojensk\u00e9 mobilit\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 krom\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b tak\u00e9 dostupnost j\u00edzdn\u00edch dob, vlak\u016f a vagon\u016f vhodn\u00fdch pro vojenskou t\u011b\u017ekou dopravu. V dob\u011b m\u00edru si Bundeswehr zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159\u00edstup k civiln\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e mimo jin\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi smlouvami; Dos\u00e1hla dohod s Deutsche Bahn ohledn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kolej\u00ed a vozidel.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstup k ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/span><\/h3>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00e1lky v\u0161ak n\u011bmeck\u00fd st\u00e1t poskytuje Bundeswehru rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Podle feder\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kona o v\u00fdkonu m\u00e1 \u201ekomer\u010dn\u00ed ekonomika z. B. motorov\u00e1 vozidla, IT infrastruktura a slu\u017eby, stavebn\u00ed a skladov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a tak\u00e9 manipula\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby […],\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed ned\u00e1vno aktualizovan\u00e9 r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice pro celkovou obranu. Berl\u00edn proto pl\u00e1nuje zajistit \u201ez\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed Bundeswehru zbo\u017e\u00edm a slu\u017ebami v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby s vyu\u017eit\u00edm civiln\u00edch dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, slu\u017eeb a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u201c. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 a soukrom\u00e1 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed doprava m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby \u201eomezena\u201c \u2013 nap\u0159. pro uvoln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pro p\u0159esuny vojsk.[7] Novinkou je, \u017ee Berl\u00edn roz\u0161i\u0159uje \u201eopat\u0159en\u00ed civiln\u00ed podpory Bundeswehru p\u0159i vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech\u201c na \u201espojeneck\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly\u201c s nov\u00fdmi r\u00e1mcov\u00fdmi sm\u011brnicemi.[8] Krom\u011b toho \u201emus\u00ed b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159eny vhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, materi\u00e1ln\u00ed a person\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky\u201c pro zapojen\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u201ep\u0159ed vznikem vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti\u201c do \u201eopat\u0159en\u00ed na podporu vojensk\u00fdch p\u0159esun\u016f na\u0161ich vlastn\u00edch a spojeneck\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil\u201c \u2013 nap\u0159. p\u0159i rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch man\u00e9vrech, jako bylo ned\u00e1vno dokon\u010den\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed Quadriga 2024.[9]<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Odpov\u011b\u010f spolkov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy na drobnou ot\u00e1zku poslanc\u016f Christiana Sautera, Alexandra Grafa Lambsdorffa, Grigoriose Aggelidise, dal\u0161\u00edch poslanc\u016f a poslaneck\u00e9ho klubu FDP. N\u011bmeck\u00fd Bundestag, tiskoviny 19\/25059. Berl\u00edn, 8. prosince 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] Jannik Hartmann: Vojensk\u00e1 mobilita. DGAP Policy Brief \u010d. 10. Berl\u00edn, \u010derven 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] Bundeswehr pot\u0159ebuje dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstavbu A20. Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsk\u00fd kur\u00fdr 2. kv\u011btna 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] Jannik Hartmann: Vojensk\u00e1 mobilita. DGAP Policy Brief \u010d. 10. Berl\u00edn, \u010derven 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] Odpov\u011b\u010f st\u00e1tn\u00ed tajemnice parlamentu Siemtje M\u00f6llerov\u00e9 na ot\u00e1zku k p\u00edsemn\u00e9mu zodpov\u011bzen\u00ed poslance Markuse Gr\u00fcbela. N\u011bmeck\u00fd Bundestag, tiskoviny 20\/10233. Berl\u00edn, 30. ledna 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] Jannik Hartmann: Vojensk\u00e1 mobilita. DGAP Policy Brief \u010d. 10. Berl\u00edn, \u010derven 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice pro \u00faplnou obranu \u2013 Sm\u011brnice pro \u00faplnou obranu \u2013 (RRGV). Berl\u00edn, \u010derven 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] Spolkov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da posiluje n\u011bmeckou vojenskou a civiln\u00ed obranu. bmvg.de 5. \u010dervna 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 pokyny pro \u00faplnou obranu \u2013 Pokyny pro \u00faplnou obranu \u2013 (RRGV). Berl\u00edn, \u010derven 2024. Viz tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00e9 kolony na v\u00fdchod\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u0161estim\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed man\u00e9vry rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S ohledem na mo\u017enou v\u00e1lku proti Rusku Berl\u00edn prosazuje roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed silnic, kolej\u00ed a most\u016f na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39851,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1743,3534,84,4080,1549],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56856"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56856"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56856\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}