{"id":56704,"date":"2024-06-30T00:47:25","date_gmt":"2024-06-29T22:47:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=56704"},"modified":"2024-06-29T18:47:08","modified_gmt":"2024-06-29T16:47:08","slug":"vsechno-to-prislo-ze-zapadu-kdo-stoji-za-zlatym-vekem-terorismu-na-blizkem-vychode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/30\/vsechno-to-prislo-ze-zapadu-kdo-stoji-za-zlatym-vekem-terorismu-na-blizkem-vychode\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eV\u0161echno to p\u0159i\u0161lo ze Z\u00e1padu\u201c: Kdo stoj\u00ed za zlat\u00fdm v\u011bkem terorismu na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u0159ed deseti lety ISIS vyhl\u00e1sil vytvo\u0159en\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho chal\u00edf\u00e1tu. P\u0159esto\u017ee byli terorist\u00e9 pora\u017eeni, hrozba p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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V dob\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozkv\u011btu ovl\u00e1dal ISIS t\u0159etinu S\u00fdrie a asi 40 procent Ir\u00e1ku. R\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny v Africe sl\u00edbily loajalitu jej\u00edmu v\u016fdci a bu\u0148ky organizace podnikaly \u00fatoky v srdci Evropy. R\u016fzn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i, m\u00edstn\u00ed, region\u00e1ln\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed, vyv\u00edjeli \u00fasil\u00ed k omezen\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rakoviny, ale dnes jejich radik\u00e1ln\u00ed my\u0161lenky p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sheikh Mohammed al-Tamimi si st\u00e1le pamatuje \u010derven roku 2014, kdy Abu Bakr al-Bagdadi, tehdej\u0161\u00ed v\u016fdce sunnitsk\u00e9 teroristick\u00e9 skupiny ISIS, ozn\u00e1mil z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chal\u00edf\u00e1tu t\u00e1hnouc\u00edho se od syrsk\u00e9ho Aleppa po Diyala v Ir\u00e1ku.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl Al-Tamimi velitelem sil Faylaq al-Wa’ad al-Sadiq, \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 milice spojen\u00e9 s \u00cdr\u00e1nem, kter\u00e1 byla p\u016fvodn\u011b zalo\u017eena na obranu Ir\u00e1ku p\u0159ed americkou a britskou okupac\u00ed v roce 2003, ale pozd\u011bji se z n\u00ed stala s\u00edla. bojuj\u00ed za zabezpe\u010den\u00ed Ir\u00e1ku a sousedn\u00ed S\u00fdrie p\u0159ed hrozbou ISIS.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2014 se Al-Tamimi z\u00fa\u010dastnil mnoha bitev, kde se on a jeho bojovn\u00edci postavili proti terorist\u016fm ISIS.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu 2014 nap\u0159\u00edklad podnikl svou prvn\u00ed operaci leteck\u00e9ho sestupu na leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b Speicher v provincii Salah Al Din s c\u00edlem zachr\u00e1nit skupinu velitel\u016f, d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a bojovn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli v oblasti obkl\u00ed\u010deni \u2013 co\u017e je \u00fakol, kter\u00fd on a jeho 250 st\u00edha\u010d\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zvl\u00e1dli. dokonal\u00fd. Pozd\u011bji t\u00e9ho\u017e m\u011bs\u00edce vedl operaci na osvobozen\u00ed stovek rukojm\u00edch na univerzit\u011b v Tikr\u00edtu. Jeho mu\u017ei nebudou m\u00edt pokoj, dokud nebude zlikvidov\u00e1n posledn\u00ed terorista ISIS.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eByly to opravdu smutn\u00e9 dny,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 Al-Tamimi.\u00a0<\/span>„Terorist\u00e9 se zmocnili kontroly nad velk\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi \u010dty\u0159 sunnitsk\u00fdch provinci\u00ed a rychle postupovali vp\u0159ed d\u00edky podpo\u0159e sp\u00edc\u00edch bun\u011bk a podpo\u0159e sunnitsk\u00e9 muslimsk\u00e9 komunity.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fry<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

V roce 2003, po americk\u00e9 invazi do Ir\u00e1ku, za\u010dali b\u00fdt pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni sunnit\u0161t\u00ed muslimov\u00e9, n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed men\u0161ina, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla za Sadd\u00e1ma Husajna privilegovan\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Nov\u00e1, \u0161\u00editsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da diskriminovala sunnity ve v\u0161em, od byrokracie a politiky po pr\u00e1ci v byznysu a bezpe\u010dnosti, co\u017e vedlo k frustraci a v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 nespokojenosti. Kdy\u017e ISIS p\u0159i\u0161el a p\u0159\u00edsahal, \u017ee to v\u0161echno zm\u011bn\u00ed, mnoho sunnit\u016f jim podalo pomocnou ruku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Tamimi \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee ISIS jim dok\u00e1zal prodat sen.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eJejich my\u0161lenkou bylo svrhnout politick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v Ir\u00e1ku a S\u00fdrii a nastolit sunnitsk\u00fd chal\u00edf\u00e1t. Jejich duchovn\u00ed vyd\u00e1vali fatwu [n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 pozn. red.], vyz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed k vym\u00fdcen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo by se ne\u0159\u00eddil jejich fanatick\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm. Tyto fatwy poch\u00e1zely ze Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie a byly podporov\u00e1ny Katarem. Ze Z\u00e1padu proudily pen\u00edze, zbran\u011b a bojovn\u00edci. V\u0161echno \u0161lo podle pl\u00e1nu,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vysv\u011btluje.<\/span><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 ji\u017e ISIS\u00a0<\/span>ovl\u00e1dal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inu severoz\u00e1padu Ir\u00e1ku. Pod jej\u00ed kontrolou byly i velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti S\u00fdrie, kter\u00e9 od roku 2011 bojovaly s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi ozbrojen\u00fdmi skupinami. I tam byl ISIS pos\u00edlen m\u00edstn\u00edmi sunnitsk\u00fdmi kmeny, kter\u00e9 byly frustrovan\u00e9 dlouh\u00fdmi roky sucha, hrozn\u00fdmi ekonomick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami a nedbalost\u00ed syrsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lamis Jdid, v\u00fdzkumnice mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f a roda\u010dka z Arama, mal\u00e9 vesni\u010dky v provincii Latakia, asi 30 kilometr\u016f od St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, popisuje, jak se \u017eivot jej\u00ed komunity zhroutil, kdy\u017e ISIS za\u010dal p\u0159eb\u00edrat vl\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

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SOUBOR FOTOGRAFIE. Ozbrojen\u00fd d\u017eih\u00e1dista stoj\u00ed vedle trosek letadla syrsk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch sil, kter\u00e9 16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 sest\u0159elili militanti z Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu (IS) nad syrsk\u00fdm m\u011bstem Raqa. \u00a9 STR\/RMC\/AFP<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u201eV srpnu 2014 zah\u00e1jilo dvacet ozbrojen\u00fdch skupin syrsk\u00e9 opozice, slo\u017een\u00fdch z ISIS, Ahrar al-Sham, Al-Nusra a dal\u0161\u00edch, \u00fatok na mnoho vesnic pobl\u00ed\u017e severn\u00ed tureck\u00e9 hranice, v\u010detn\u011b Arama. Zabili 190 lid\u00ed a 240 dal\u0161\u00edch odvezli do zajet\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich byly \u017eeny a d\u011bti.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eZni\u010dili svat\u00e1 m\u00edsta a obt\u011b\u017eovali men\u0161iny. V\u0161echny n\u00e1s jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost d\u011bsila. Moje rodina, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1le \u017eije v Latakii, se neodv\u00e1\u017eila j\u00edt do vesnice nebo j\u00edt po silnici do Dama\u0161ku. Takov\u00fd v\u00fdlet by mohl st\u00e1t alawity \u017eivot. Moji k\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 si museli zakr\u00fdvat hlavy, kdy\u017e se st\u011bhovali z m\u011bsta do m\u011bsta, ze strachu, \u017ee budou zastaveni a napadeni skupinami ISIS.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Syrsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 byla nucena bojovat s n\u011bkolika radik\u00e1ln\u00edmi skupinami sou\u010dasn\u011b, pot\u0159ebovala stanovit priority. Jej\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed bylo prim\u00e1rn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159eno na dv\u011b osy: Dama\u0161ek-Homs-Hama-Aleppo a Hama-Tartus-Latakia. Mal\u00e1 m\u011bsta, zejm\u00e9na na periferi\u00edch, se stala ob\u011bt\u00ed gang\u016f ISIS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pak se jejich hrozba za\u010dala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it daleko za hranicemi St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu. V Africe za\u010dalo mnoho mal\u00fdch teroristick\u00fdch skupin slibovat loajalitu Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, tehdej\u0161\u00edmu v\u016fdci ISIS. Evropa byla ot\u0159esena n\u011bkolika teroristick\u00fdmi \u00fatoky, kter\u00e9 provedli v\u011brn\u00ed stoupenci skupiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdo to dokon\u010dil?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bylo nutn\u00e9 jednat. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 USA z\u0159\u00eddily Combined Joint Task Force \u2013 sdru\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed 87 z\u00e1padn\u00edch a v\u00fdchodn\u00edch partner\u016f \u2013 k boji proti hrozb\u011b ISIS. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edch p\u011bti let sv\u00e9 existence aliance rozbila S\u00fdrii a Ir\u00e1k tis\u00edci bomb. Zabila stovky terorist\u016f ISIS a zadr\u017eela tis\u00edce dal\u0161\u00edch. V roce 2019, pot\u00e9, co byl Al-Bagd\u00e1d\u00ed zlikvidov\u00e1n, USA a jejich spojenci prohl\u00e1sili v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v boji proti ISIS. Ale Al-Tamimi \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee to nebyly USA, kdo pomohl zastavit hrozbu ISIS.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu 2014 vydal \u0161\u00editsk\u00fd v\u016fdce Sayyid Ali al-Husseini al-Sistani fatvu vyz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161\u00edity v Ir\u00e1ku, aby povstali na obranu sv\u00e9 vlasti p\u0159ed hordami \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f ISIS. Tis\u00edce lid\u00ed se t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti zvedly a vytvo\u0159ily takzvan\u00e9 Lidov\u00e9 mobiliza\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly (PMF), alianci 67 ozbrojen\u00fdch frakc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se mohou pochlubit asi 100 000 bojovn\u00edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

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SOUBOR FOTOGRAFIE. Na t\u00e9to archivn\u00ed fotografii z 23. \u010dervna 2014 bojovn\u00edci ze skupiny Isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t defiluj\u00ed v zabaven\u00e9m obrn\u011bn\u00e9m vozidle ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch sil ve m\u011bst\u011b Mosul na severu Ir\u00e1ku. \u00a9 AP Photo<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u201eTohle byla s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 blokovala postup ISIS,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Al-Tamimi.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIr\u00e1nci tak\u00e9 hr\u00e1li kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli, proto\u017ee poskytovali poradce a zbran\u011b. Na pomoc p\u0159i\u0161li tak\u00e9 Rusov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytli podporu ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b a PMF. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 byli na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b t\u011bmi, kdo podporovali teroristick\u00e9 skupiny a krmili je zbran\u011bmi a vojensk\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm. Dr\u017eitel\u00e9 evropsk\u00fdch pas\u016f bojovali v \u0159ad\u00e1ch ISIS; pen\u00edze proudily ze Z\u00e1padu,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0dodal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ali Yahya, politick\u00fd analytik a poradce pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti se s\u00eddlem v Bejr\u00fatu, dob\u0159e zn\u00e1 historii ISIS a souhlas\u00ed s tvrzen\u00edmi Al-Tamimi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNen\u00ed to poprv\u00e9, co USA kradou v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a m\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eRud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da byla hlavn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 eliminovala nacismus, zat\u00edmco Washington \u010dekal s otev\u0159en\u00edm fronty do \u010dervna 1944. P\u0159esto tvrdili, \u017ee v t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce zv\u00edt\u011bzili a odsunuli na vedlej\u0161\u00ed kolej \u00fasp\u011bchy a ob\u011bti Rus\u016f. Plat\u00ed to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ISIS.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Podle Yahyi se v roce 2014 ir\u00e1ck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da obr\u00e1tila na USA s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed, aby jim dodaly zbran\u011b, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k boji proti povst\u00e1n\u00ed ISIS. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 souhlasili, ale \u0159ekli, \u017ee prvn\u00ed z\u00e1silky doraz\u00ed a\u017e v roce 2020 \u2013 luxusn\u00ed Bagd\u00e1d si to nemohl dovolit. Kdy\u017e Ir\u00e1\u010dan\u00e9 pochopili podm\u00ednky Washingtonu, rychle se obr\u00e1tili na \u00cdr\u00e1n a Rusko s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o pomoc a ty splnily.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky nim Ir\u00e1k za\u010dal ISIS postupn\u011b rozb\u00edjet. Kdy\u017e Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161li na to, \u017ee ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 s\u00edly skupinu brzy zni\u010d\u00ed, spojili sv\u00e9 s\u00edly v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 bitv\u011b o Mosul, aby si pozd\u011bji mohli n\u00e1rokovat v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad organizac\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00edce krve v budoucnu?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Toto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed bylo vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno v roce 2019, ale i pot\u00e9, co ISIS ztratil v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, spojenci Spole\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fakolov\u00e9ho uskupen\u00ed pokra\u010dovali v \u00fatoc\u00edch v S\u00fdrii a Ir\u00e1ku pod z\u00e1minkou boje proti teroru. Al-Tamimi bojuje s Ameri\u010dany a po\u017eaduje, aby opustili jeho zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eDnes je Ir\u00e1k d\u00edky \u00fasil\u00ed na\u0161ich hrdin\u016f a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 autority schopen zlikvidovat jakoukoli teroristickou organizaci. Ir\u00e1k je pod kontrolou st\u00e1tu. ISIS je nyn\u00ed minulost\u00ed, nem\u016f\u017ee se dostat zp\u011bt do Ir\u00e1ku,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0tvrd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Statistiky v\u0161ak vykresluj\u00ed jin\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>obr\u00e1zek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho velen\u00ed USA zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch v lednu 2024 se ISIS st\u00e1le m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit asi 2 500 militanty v Ir\u00e1ku a S\u00fdrii, z nich\u017e asi 1 000 je na svobod\u011b v Ir\u00e1ku. Neziskov\u00e1 skupina s n\u00e1zvem Counter-Extremism Project ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee jen v b\u0159eznu do\u0161lo v S\u00fdrii k nejm\u00e9n\u011b 69 \u00fatok\u016fm ISIS.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eProbl\u00e9m s fanatiky je v tom, \u017ee to nen\u00ed organizace, ale my\u0161lenka. Tak jak to m\u016f\u017ee\u0161 zni\u010dit?“<\/span><\/em>\u00a0pt\u00e1 se Jdid.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b by m\u011blo existovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v cel\u00e9m regionu, kter\u00e9 by tyto skupiny oslabilo. Mus\u00edme v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch k vym\u00fdcen\u00ed teroru. V S\u00fdrii by to mohlo b\u00fdt pos\u00edlen\u00ed sekul\u00e1rn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, odd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed od st\u00e1tu a boj proti korupci,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0uzav\u0159ela.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Elizabeth\u00a0<\/em>Blade<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, korespondentka RT pro St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdchod<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed deseti lety ISIS vyhl\u00e1sil vytvo\u0159en\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho chal\u00edf\u00e1tu. P\u0159esto\u017ee byli terorist\u00e9 pora\u017eeni, hrozba p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 V…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":56705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,3062,82,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56704"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56704\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}