{"id":56582,"date":"2024-06-29T00:34:13","date_gmt":"2024-06-28T22:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=56582"},"modified":"2024-06-28T17:36:32","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T15:36:32","slug":"geopoliticke-a-pravni-rozmery-nasrallahova-varovani-kypru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/29\/geopoliticke-a-pravni-rozmery-nasrallahova-varovani-kypru\/","title":{"rendered":"Geopolitick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rozm\u011bry Nasrall\u00e1hova varov\u00e1n\u00ed Kypru"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fdce Hizball\u00e1hu Kypru p\u0159ed vojenskou spoluprac\u00ed s Izraelem je p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a historick\u00fdch precedent\u016f, kter\u00e9 ospravedl\u0148uj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo st\u00e1tu br\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed domn\u011bl\u00fdmi \u010diny agrese.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 19. \u010dervna varoval gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Hizball\u00e1hu Hassan Nasrall\u00e1h Kypr, aby nedovolil Izraeli vyu\u017e\u00edvat vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a leti\u0161t\u011b na\u00a0<\/span>kypersk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0k \u00fader\u016fm na c\u00edle v Libanonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nasrall\u00e1hovo varov\u00e1n\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako eskala\u010dn\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Hizball\u00e1h zatahuje t\u0159et\u00ed zemi do konfliktu. Z opera\u010dn\u00edho hlediska je to v\u0161ak Izrael, kdo zapojuje Nik\u00f3sii prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vojensk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce. Nasrall\u00e1hova slova nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu ve sv\u011btle\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1v<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed kypersk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen Izraelem v budouc\u00edm konfliktu s Libanonem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Varov\u00e1n\u00ed Hizball\u00e1hu se stalo st\u00e1le pot\u0159ebn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pot\u00e9, co se objevily\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee pl\u00e1ny Tel Avivu na jakoukoli budouc\u00ed v\u00e1lku s Libanonem zahrnuj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen na Kypru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paralely s kub\u00e1nskou raketovou kriz\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 raketov\u00e1 krize z roku 1962 je historickou paralelou, kter\u00e1 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje z\u00e1va\u017enost takov\u00e9ho geopolitick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. USA m\u00e1lem vstoupily do jadern\u00e9ho konfliktu se Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem pot\u00e9, co objevily sov\u011btsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 st\u0159ely na Kub\u011b, kousek od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Floridy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezident John F. Kennedy v\u00a0<\/span>televizn\u00edm projevu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee USA nebudou tato raketov\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b tolerovat a nazval je skrytou a bezohlednou \u201ehrozbou pro sv\u011btov\u00fd m\u00edr\u201c. Svolal\u00a0<\/span>sv\u00e9 poradce,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0aby zv\u00e1\u017eili vojensk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, v\u010detn\u011b leteck\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f a invaze na Kubu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, z obavy z jadern\u00e9 eskalace, se USA rozhodly pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed blok\u00e1du, aby zabr\u00e1nily dal\u0161\u00edm sov\u011btsk\u00fdm z\u00e1silk\u00e1m, co\u017e znamenalo pevn\u00fd postoj proti sov\u011btsk\u00e9 \u201eagresi\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V podobn\u00e9m kontextu lze vn\u00edmat i Nasrall\u00e1hovo varov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vojensk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce Kypru s Izraelem, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala\u00a0<\/span>man\u00e9vry simuluj\u00edc\u00ed invazi do Libanonu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159\u00edmou hrozbu pro libanonskou bezpe\u010dnost. Objevily se dokonce zpr\u00e1vy o z\u00e1m\u011bru Izraele vyu\u017e\u00edt leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny na Kypru a v \u0158ecku k \u00faderu na Libanon, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Tel Aviv o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Hizball\u00e1h v jak\u00e9koli budouc\u00ed v\u00e1lce za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed na leti\u0161t\u011b v okupovan\u00e9 Palestin\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost Nasrall\u00e1hova varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost Nasrall\u00e1hov\u00fdm slov\u016fm, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b kdy\u017e\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1sil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Otev\u0159en\u00ed kypersk\u00fdch leti\u0161\u0165 a z\u00e1kladen izraelsk\u00e9mu nep\u0159\u00edteli s c\u00edlem zam\u011b\u0159it se na Libanon by znamenalo, \u017ee kypersk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00e1lky a odboj se s n\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 jako se sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00e1lky.<\/em><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho jsou Nasrall\u00e1hovy pozn\u00e1mky v souladu s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem, zejm\u00e9na s Chartou OSN, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje sebeobranu v reakci na ozbrojen\u00fd \u00fatok.\u00a0<\/span>\u010cl\u00e1nek 51<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Listiny uv\u00e1d\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nic v t\u00e9to Chart\u011b nebude naru\u0161ovat p\u0159irozen\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo kolektivn\u00ed sebeobranu, dojde-li k ozbrojen\u00e9mu \u00fatoku proti \u010dlenovi Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, dokud Rada bezpe\u010dnosti nep\u0159ijme opat\u0159en\u00ed nezbytn\u00e1 k udr\u017een\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u00edru a bezpe\u010dnosti. Opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 \u010dleny p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu tohoto pr\u00e1va na sebeobranu budou neprodlen\u011b ozn\u00e1mena Rad\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem neovlivn\u00ed pravomoc a odpov\u011bdnost Rady bezpe\u010dnosti podle t\u00e9to Charty kdykoli p\u0159ijmout takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, pova\u017euje za nezbytn\u00e9 pro udr\u017een\u00ed nebo obnoven\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u00edru a bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/em><\/p>\n

Charta povoluje pou\u017eit\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly za p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich je, aby sebeobrana byla reakc\u00ed na ozbrojen\u00fd \u00fatok st\u00e1tu nebo st\u00e1t\u016f. \u00datok odbojov\u00fdch skupin nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za dostate\u010dn\u00e9 ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed legitimn\u00ed obrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reakce by tak\u00e9 m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 \u00fatoku a m\u011bla by se omezovat na to, co je nezbytn\u00e9 k jeho odra\u017een\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e by se m\u011bla co nejv\u00edce vyh\u00fdbat pou\u017eit\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nasrall\u00e1hovo varov\u00e1n\u00ed proto spad\u00e1 do podm\u00ednek stanoven\u00fdch OSN. Za prv\u00e9 je nam\u00ed\u0159ena proti st\u00e1tu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jeho \u00fa\u010dasti na \u00fatoc\u00edch proti Libanonu. Za druh\u00e9, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee odpor je p\u0159ipraven \u00fam\u011brn\u011b reagovat t\u00edm, \u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na zem\u011bpisnou oblast pou\u017eitou k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fatok\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u016fdce Hizball\u00e1hu dokonce potvrdil, \u017ee odboj se sna\u017e\u00ed vyhnout tomu, aby dos\u00e1hl f\u00e1ze, kdy by mohl zas\u00e1hnout c\u00edle na Kypru, proto\u017ee jeho varov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit Nik\u00f3sii, aby dovolila, aby se jej\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed stalo startovi\u0161t\u011bm nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Libanonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 reakce na akt agrese<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pr\u00e1va na sebeobranu pramen\u00ed z\u00a0<\/span>af\u00e9ry Caroline<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 se datuje do roku 1837, kdy britsk\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159ekro\u010dily americkou p\u016fdu, zajaly Caroline \u2013 plavidlo s americkou pomoc\u00ed rebel\u016fm proti Brit\u016fm v Kanad\u011b \u2013 a postavily je. v plamenech a p\u0159etla\u010dil ji p\u0159es Niagarsk\u00e9 vodop\u00e1dy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zabil americk\u00e9ho ob\u010dana Amose Dorveyho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto p\u0159\u00edpadu byla v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu stanovena krit\u00e9ria nezbytnosti a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enosti jako hlavn\u00ed podm\u00ednky sebeobrany. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nezbytn\u00e9 k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed st\u00e1tu a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 velikosti hrozby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad Izrael pou\u017eije kypersk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed k \u00fatoku na Libanon, k neutralizaci t\u00e9to schopnosti by byl nutn\u00fd \u00fatok na z\u00e1kladny, ze kter\u00fdch izraelsk\u00e1 letadla operuj\u00ed. Zac\u00edlen\u00edm na m\u00edsta zast\u00e1vek letadel je reakce \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 hrozb\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud nav\u00edc Izrael pou\u017eije vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny na Kypru k \u00fatoku na Libanon, bude to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za\u00a0<\/span>akt agrese<\/span><\/a>\u00a0podle \u010dl. 3 p\u00edsm. f) rezoluce Valn\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN 3314 (XXIX). Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek specifikuje, \u017ee umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed smluvn\u00edmu st\u00e1tu pou\u017e\u00edvat jeho \u00fazem\u00ed k agresivn\u00edmu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed proti t\u0159et\u00edmu st\u00e1tu se pova\u017euje za akt agrese. Z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska by se tedy Kypr stal spoluvin\u00edkem izraelsk\u00e9 agrese, pokud by dovolil, aby jeho \u00fazem\u00ed bylo vyu\u017eito k \u00fatok\u016fm proti Libanonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Britsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny na Kypru<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1959, jako sou\u010d\u00e1st nez\u00e1vislosti Kypru na britsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1d\u011b (1960), Turecko, \u0158ecko a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed podepsaly smlouvu, podle n\u00ed\u017e byly Brit\u00e1nii p\u0159id\u011bleny takzvan\u00e9 britsk\u00e9 suver\u00e9nn\u00ed z\u00e1kladny, kter\u00e9 podl\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 kontrole Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle dohody si britsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da ponechala dv\u011b mal\u00e9 oblasti \u2013 jednu v Akrotiri pobl\u00ed\u017e Limassolu na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b a druhou v Dhekelia pobl\u00ed\u017e Larnaky na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b. Tato dv\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed \u2013 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed necel\u00e1 t\u0159i procenta \u00fazem\u00ed ostrova, tedy asi 253 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch \u2013 maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed policii, administrativu a celnici a jsou spravov\u00e1na jako sou\u010d\u00e1st Brit\u00e1nie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto z\u00e1kladny byly historicky vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159i logistick\u00e9 podpo\u0159e operac\u00ed NATO ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii.<\/span>
\nKoncem kv\u011btna investigativn\u00ed web Declassified UK ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee britsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Royal Air Force v Akrotiri na Kypru od \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159evedla do Izraele 60 letadel. Stejn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va uvedla, \u017ee z\u00e1kladnu tajn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 americk\u00e9 letectvo k p\u0159esunu zbran\u00ed do Izraele.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto, a\u010dkoli jsou tyto z\u00e1kladny pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za britsk\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, varov\u00e1n\u00ed Sayyeda Nasrallaha plat\u00ed tak\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny akt\u00e9ry v regionu, nejen pro Kypr. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd z\u00e1sah jak\u00e9hokoli akt\u00e9ra v regionu na podporu izraelsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed proti Libanonu bude ter\u010dem Hizball\u00e1hu a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b Osy odporu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Libanonsk\u00e1 diplomatick\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k rostouc\u00ed izraelsko-kypersk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci je Nasrall\u00e1hovo varov\u00e1n\u00ed Kypru nepochybn\u011b racion\u00e1ln\u00ed a nezbytn\u00e9. V ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to v\u0161ak byla libanonsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla do Nik\u00f3sie vyslat p\u0159\u00edsnou zpr\u00e1vu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee libanonsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed v \u00fanoru 2022\u00a0<\/span>vydalo prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0odsuzuj\u00edc\u00ed ruskou invazi na Ukrajinu a vyzvalo Moskvu, aby zastavila vojensk\u00e9 operace a okam\u017eit\u011b st\u00e1hla sv\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory nedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu zapojen\u00ed Libanonu do tohoto konfliktu a jeho z\u00e1jmu o pos\u00edlen\u00ed vztah\u016f s Ruskem, historicky p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem, se libanonsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipojilo k po\u017eadavk\u016fm Washingtonu, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto v rozporu se z\u00e1jmy Bejr\u00fatu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed kypersk\u00fdch reakc\u00ed na Nasrall\u00e1hovo varov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd a suver\u00e9nn\u00ed postoj Libanonu mohl Kypru p\u0159ipomenout nebezpe\u010d\u00ed jeho spolupr\u00e1ce s Izraelem. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a \u010dl\u00e1nky kypersk\u00e9ho tisku zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00e1vazek Kypru k m\u00edru a touhu vyhnout se zapojen\u00ed do region\u00e1ln\u00edch konflikt\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u0159eck\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed George Gerapetritis prohl\u00e1sil: „Je absolutn\u011b nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 vyhro\u017eovat suver\u00e9nn\u00edmu st\u00e1tu Evropsk\u00e9 unie.“<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dokonce pova\u017eovaly Nasrall\u00e1hovo varov\u00e1n\u00ed za n\u011bco, co je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Historick\u00e9 precedenty, jako je kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 raketov\u00e1 krize z roku 1962, a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony a normy legitimizuj\u00ed jakoukoli akci, kterou by Hizball\u00e1h mohl podniknout, pokud Izrael pou\u017eije kypersk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed k \u00fatoku na Libanon.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je, \u017ee varov\u00e1n\u00ed libanonsk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed odporu zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed nutnost, aby Libanon prosadil svou suverenitu a diplomaticky \u0159e\u0161il rizika, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje izraelsko-kypersk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mohamad Hasan Sweidan<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fdce Hizball\u00e1hu Kypru p\u0159ed vojenskou spoluprac\u00ed s Izraelem je p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a historick\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":56583,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,6772,3461,723],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56582"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56582"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56582\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}