{"id":55810,"date":"2024-06-16T00:33:19","date_gmt":"2024-06-15T22:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=55810"},"modified":"2024-06-15T15:14:48","modified_gmt":"2024-06-15T13:14:48","slug":"karbonove-offsety-jsou-podvod-zde-je-duvod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/16\/karbonove-offsety-jsou-podvod-zde-je-duvod\/","title":{"rendered":"Karbonov\u00e9 offsety jsou \u201epodvod\u201c \u2013 zde je d\u016fvod"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mnoho z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na kompenzace uhl\u00edku, aby splnily sv\u00e9 c\u00edle nulov\u00fdch \u010dist\u00fdch emis\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % t\u011bchto kompenzac\u00ed jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u201efantomov\u00e9 kredity\u201c, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dnostem umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pokra\u010dovat ve zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tvrdit, \u017ee sni\u017euj\u00ed svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Apple nab\u00edz\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed model Apple Watch jako sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span>uhl\u00edkov\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c produkt \u2013 vyroben\u00fd ze \u201e100% \u010dist\u00e9 energie\u201c a \u201erecyklovan\u00fdch a obnoviteln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f\u201c a zas\u00edlan\u00fd pomoc\u00ed \u201en\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e9 dopravy\u201c m\u00edsto letadlem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pohled na environment\u00e1ln\u00ed data hodinek v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f ve v\u00fdrob\u011b a dodavatelsk\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci je mo\u017en\u00e9 jen v omezen\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011btina uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch \u00faspor emis\u00ed je zp\u016fsobena n\u00e1kupy takzvan\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kompenzac\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0od spole\u010dnosti Apple , v\u010detn\u011b pod\u00edl\u016f na projektu v\u00fdsadby plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed eukalyptov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Paraguayi, daleko od \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed nebo tov\u00e1ren v Silicon Valley v \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zast\u00e1nci projektu tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zakoupen\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 kompenzace odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed z chovu dobytka ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Paraguayi, co\u017e je hlavn\u00ed zdroj\u00a0<\/span>metanu, kter\u00fd oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 planetu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skupiny pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee projekt vytla\u010duje drobn\u00e9 farm\u00e1\u0159e z jejich p\u016fdy, ani\u017e by\u00a0<\/span>ve skute\u010dnosti ud\u011blal n\u011bco pro klima<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina nov\u011b vysazen\u00fdch strom\u016f je rychle sklizena pro spot\u0159ebn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Apple je jen jedn\u00edm z mnoha\u00a0<\/span>firemn\u00edch gigant\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kte\u0159\u00ed se zav\u00e1zali\u00a0sn\u00ed\u017eit sv\u00e9 podnikov\u00e9 emise na \u201e\u00a0<\/span>nulu \u201c do roku 2030, stejn\u011b jako Google, Disney, Netflix a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch zna\u010dek.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Dokonce i ExxonMobil, Shell, BP a Chevron \u2013 nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 vyprodukovaly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed \u2013 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee do roku 2050 budou m\u00edt \u010dist\u00e9 nulov\u00e9 emise.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle neziskov\u00e9 organizace\u00a0<\/span>Net Zero Tracker<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b prohl\u00e1silo, \u017ee usiluj\u00ed o nulov\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 emise do poloviny stolet\u00ed nebo d\u0159\u00edve.<\/span><\/p>\n

K dosa\u017een\u00ed tohoto c\u00edle v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich pl\u00e1nuje uplatnit n\u00e1kup klimatick\u00fdch kompenzac\u00ed, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch tak\u00e9 jako uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kredity, jako sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00fdm\u011bn naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch ov\u011b\u0159ovatel\u00e9 nebo certifik\u00e1to\u0159i spole\u010dnosti nakupuj\u00ed, prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed a obchoduj\u00ed s pod\u00edly v programech, kter\u00e9 slibuj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed, a zd\u00e1nliv\u011b tak kompenzuj\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed klimatu, kter\u00e9 nemohou nebo necht\u011bj\u00ed eliminovat vlastn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh\u00a0<\/span>s offsety<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je obrovsk\u00fd: m\u00e1 hodnotu\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 miliardy USD<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee do roku 2030 vzroste na 10 miliard USD nebo v\u00edce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle standard\u016f stanoven\u00fdch Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017eskou dohodou o klimatu z roku 2015 je uhl\u00edkov\u00fd kredit ekvivalentn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jedn\u00e9 tuny oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho nebo ekvivalentn\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, jako je metan.<\/span><\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci program\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako\u00a0<\/span>cap-and-trade<\/span><\/a>\u00a0mnoho regula\u010dn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>California Air Resources Board,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148uje regulovan\u00fdm zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016fm nakupovat uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kredity, aby splnili \u010d\u00e1st jejich z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed. Ale spole\u010dnosti jako Apple mohou tak\u00e9 dobrovoln\u011b nakupovat uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kredity na podporu sv\u00fdch \u010dist\u00fdch nulov\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00e1 pravda je, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>kompenzace jsou bezcenn\u00e9,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proto\u017ee nedosahuj\u00ed slibovan\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed nebo dokonce zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed \u0161kodu. M\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee se kredity prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed za slevy, ke kter\u00fdm by do\u0161lo i bez pen\u011bz kupuj\u00edc\u00edho z kompenzac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V o\u010d\u00edch kritik\u016f jsou kompenzace greenwashing:\u00a0<\/span>podvod<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016fm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148uje\u00a0<\/span>pokra\u010dovat v produkci emis\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a p\u0159itom p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee sni\u017euj\u00ed svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech odhalila v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 odhalen\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jeho nepravdiv\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed a\u00a0<\/span>korupci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed Guardianu\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho t\u00fdden\u00edku Die Zeit zjistilo, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % kredit\u016f na ochranu les\u016f prodan\u00fdch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btovou offsetovou burzou \u2013\u00a0<\/span>Verra<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 ov\u011b\u0159ila projekt Applu v Paraguayi \u2013 \u201epravd\u011bpodobn\u011b\u201c \u201eFantomov\u00e9 kredity jsou \u201efantomov\u00e9 kredity\u201c. „a nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed uhl\u00edku“<\/span><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dvou akademick\u00fdch studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9\u00a0zkoumaly v\u00edce ne\u017e 50\u00a0<\/span>projekt\u016f v Amazonii , v\u00fdzkum zjistil, \u017ee zat\u00edmco Verra certifikovala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 95 milion\u016f kredit\u016f, pouze\u00a0<\/span><\/a>5,5 milionu kredit\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159edstavuje skute\u010dn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed neziskov\u00e9 organizace\u00a0<\/span>Corporate Accountability<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z roku 2013 zjistilo, \u017ee 93 % dobrovoln\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kredit\u016f, kter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>Chevron<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nakoupil v letech 2020 a\u017e 2022, \u201ese zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nevy\u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9\u201c a nejm\u00e9n\u011b 40 % souvis\u00ed s obvin\u011bn\u00edm z \u201epo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed komunit a podpory ni\u010den\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Projekt v\u00fdstavby masivn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ehrady a n\u00e1dr\u017ee v Kolumbii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zaplavil v\u00edce ne\u017e 17 000 hektar\u016f lesa a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy a vyhnal tis\u00edce mal\u00fdch farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f a ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Obyvatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se postavili p\u0159ehrad\u011b, hl\u00e1sili hrozby, zmizen\u00ed a dokonce i vra\u017edy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed si z\u00e1kon v kalifornsk\u00e9m z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9m sboru klade za c\u00edl omezit \u201e\u00a0<\/span>divok\u00fd z\u00e1pad<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b neregulovan\u00e9ho trhu pro offsetov\u00e9 obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona 1036<\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavila sen\u00e1torka\u00a0<\/span>Monique Lim\u00f3n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(D-Kalifornie),\u00a0by umo\u017enil prodejc\u016fm a burz\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kredity kalifornsk\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem, kter\u00e9 neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed jejich n\u00e1rok\u016fm, podl\u00e9hat pokut\u00e1m a\u017e 500 000 USD za poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona Aplikujte reklamu.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona pro\u0161el Sen\u00e1tem velkou v\u011bt\u0161inou 16. kv\u011btna a nyn\u00ed je projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n zemsk\u00fdm sn\u011bmem.<\/span><\/p>\n

„V tuto chv\u00edli neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 dohoda o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch standardech,“ \u0159ekl Lim\u00f3n Politico. \u201eTento n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona je reakc\u00ed na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 ztratili d\u016fv\u011bru v dobrovoln\u00fd trh s offsety<\/span><\/p>\n

Navrhovan\u00fd z\u00e1kon by byl prvn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu v USA, ale jeho budoucnost je nejist\u00e1: Minul\u00fd rok kalifornsk\u00fd guvern\u00e9r Gavin\u00a0<\/span>Newsom vetoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi z\u00e1kona, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee \u201ene\u00famysln\u011b zac\u00edl\u00ed na prodejce a ov\u011b\u0159ovatele s dobr\u00fdmi \u00famysly\u201c. dobrovoln\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada by mohla b\u00fdt zaznamen\u00e1na\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Lim\u00f3n\u016fv n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona by se p\u0159ipojil k dal\u0161\u00edmu nov\u00e9mu kalifornsk\u00e9mu z\u00e1konu reguluj\u00edc\u00edmu trh dobrovoln\u00fdch n\u00e1hrad.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona 1305,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kter\u00fd vstoupil v platnost v lednu,\u00a0vy\u017eaduje, aby prodejci \u00fav\u011br\u016f zve\u0159ejnili na sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch podrobn\u00e9 informace, aby prok\u00e1zali efektivitu projektu. Kupuj\u00edc\u00ed kredit\u016f s n\u00e1rokem na \u201e\u00a0<\/span>\u010distou nulu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c nebo \u201euhl\u00edkov\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c mus\u00ed poskytnout podobn\u00e9 podrobnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

28. kv\u011btna Bidenova administrativa stanovila nevymahateln\u00e9,\u00a0<\/span>dobrovoln\u00e9 pokyny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pro \u201evysokohodnotn\u00e9\u201c uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kredity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 strany si mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jisti, \u017ee kredit skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje jednu tunu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (nebo jeho ekvivalent) p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed to, co by se jinak vyrobilo,\u201c uvedla ve\u00a0<\/span>spole\u010dn\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ministryn\u011b financ\u00ed Janet Yellenov\u00e1 a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci administrativy .<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale to jsou mal\u00e9 kr\u016f\u010dky. Barbara Haya, \u0159editelka\u00a0<\/span>projektu Berkeley Carbon Trading Project<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v Berkeley, \u0159ekla The Guardian, \u017ee po 20 letech studia offsetov\u00e9ho obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed dosp\u011bla k n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee offsetov\u00fd trh je \u201erozbit\u00fd\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nam\u00edsto zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch tvrzen\u00ed o \u010dist\u00e9 nule by se spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed demonstrovat sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek v\u016f\u010di \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, m\u011bly zam\u011b\u0159it na co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vlastn\u00edch emis\u00ed \u2013 nejen v jejich\u00a0<\/span>dodavatelsk\u00fdch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 navazuj\u00edc\u00edch \u201ePou\u017eit\u00ed a likvidace va\u0161ich produkt\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je absurdn\u00ed, \u017ee Chevron pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kompenzaci k tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>usiluje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o \u010dist\u00e9 nulov\u00e9 emise do roku 2050, p\u0159esto\u017ee spalov\u00e1n\u00ed benz\u00ednu a dal\u0161\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>fosiln\u00edch paliv<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e1me kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 okno p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed odvr\u00e1tit katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady zm\u011bny klimatu a jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak to rychle ud\u011blat, je p\u0159estat spalovat fosiln\u00ed paliva.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mnoho z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na kompenzace uhl\u00edku, aby splnily sv\u00e9 c\u00edle nulov\u00fdch \u010dist\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2692,873,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55810"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55810"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55810\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}