{"id":55809,"date":"2024-06-16T00:32:26","date_gmt":"2024-06-15T22:32:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=55809"},"modified":"2024-06-15T15:09:29","modified_gmt":"2024-06-15T13:09:29","slug":"tony-ingesson-spioni-nejsou-tim-cim-se-zdaji-byt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/16\/tony-ingesson-spioni-nejsou-tim-cim-se-zdaji-byt\/","title":{"rendered":"Tony Ingesson: \u0160pioni nejsou t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Daleko od glamouru a kouzla film\u016f o Jamesi Bondovi jsou skute\u010dn\u00ed \u0161pi\u00f3ni \u010dasto naru\u0161en\u00e9, narcistick\u00e9 osobnosti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u011bt za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obrodu \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee, proto\u017ee se n\u00e1rody pokou\u0161ej\u00ed ze sebe navz\u00e1jem z\u00edsk\u00e1vat zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 informace. Peking obvinil Brit\u00e1nii z n\u00e1boru \u0161pion\u016f v \u010c\u00edn\u011b kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9, co britsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady obvinily dva mu\u017ee z poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00edm tajemstv\u00ed jm\u00e9nem Pekingu.<\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm byli v N\u011bmecku ned\u00e1vno zat\u010deni dva mu\u017ei obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee pro Rusko a americk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby agresivn\u011b pron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed zasv\u011bcence Kremlu, kte\u0159\u00ed s nimi cht\u011bj\u00ed spolupracovat.<\/p>\n

Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb u naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny ve\u0159ejnosti utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1nr \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch film\u016f.<\/p>\n

James Bond, vyn\u00e1lez britsk\u00e9ho autora Iana Fleminga, byl zpravodajsk\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk, kter\u00fd pracoval pro britskou tajnou slu\u017ebu MI6 a mohl se skr\u00fdvat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159evlec\u00edch, \u010dasto za pou\u017eit\u00ed futuristick\u00fdch vychyt\u00e1vek. Vyobrazen\u00ed \u0161pion\u016f a \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee je st\u00e1le \u010dasto spojov\u00e1no s Bondovsk\u00fdmi, m\u00edrn\u00fdmi postavami, kter\u00e9 snadno proch\u00e1zej\u00ed diplomatick\u00fdmi recepcemi.<\/p>\n

V beletrii vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u011bchto (a v\u00edce bojov\u00fdch) talent\u016f k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim byla sv\u011b\u0159ena. Tento archetyp je zn\u00e1m\u00fd ze \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch rom\u00e1n\u016f, film\u016f a televizn\u00edch seri\u00e1l\u016f. Je to naprosto zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nen\u00ed daleko od pravdy.<\/p>\n

Zpravodajsk\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk jako profese<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z probl\u00e9m\u016f je, \u017ee slovo \u201e\u0161pion\u201c se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jak ve zpravodajstv\u00ed, tak v angli\u010dtin\u011b k ozna\u010den\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f i lid\u00ed, kter\u00e9 naverbuj\u00ed. Nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee (anglicky mluv\u00edc\u00ed) zpravodaj\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci toto ozna\u010den\u00ed akceptuj\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed dluhopis\u016f. Tyto chyby se tedy snadno d\u011blaj\u00ed, ale zpravodajsk\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk a naverbovan\u00fd \u0161pi\u00f3n nejsou tot\u00e9\u017e.<\/p>\n

Snad nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee si zpravodajsk\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk vybral kari\u00e9ru. Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce pro p\u00e1r lid\u00ed, ale p\u0159esto pr\u00e1ce. Tradi\u010dn\u011b se zpravodaj\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci \u010dasto t\u011b\u0161\u00ed diplomatick\u00e9 ochran\u011b, kter\u00e1 jim poskytuje imunitu p\u0159ed zat\u010den\u00edm a st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich byli odsouzeni k dlouh\u00fdm trest\u016fm odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody bez t\u00e9to imunity. \u010casto v\u0161ak byli propu\u0161t\u011bni do sv\u00fdch domovsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed dlouho p\u0159ed vypr\u0161en\u00edm trestu a byli vym\u011bn\u011bni za v\u011bzn\u011b z druh\u00e9 strany.<\/p>\n

To se stalo i sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu zpravodajsk\u00e9mu d\u016fstojn\u00edkovi Kononu Molodymu, kter\u00fd byl v 60. letech zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Gordon Lonsdale a do vlasti byl vr\u00e1cen v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdm\u011bny zajatc\u016f pot\u00e9, co si odpykal pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i roky z 25let\u00e9ho trestu.<\/p>\n

V roce 2010 byla Anna Chapman, rusk\u00e1 zpravodajsk\u00e1 agentka a modelka, a jej\u00ed krajan\u00e9 vym\u011bn\u011bni za deset Rus\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b Sergeje Skripala, kter\u00fd pozd\u011bji jen o vl\u00e1sek unikl rusk\u00e9mu pokusu o atent\u00e1t).<\/p>\n

Zpravodaj\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci byli vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich talentu a pot\u00e9 vycvi\u010deni, aby zlep\u0161ili sv\u00e9 dovednosti. Zejm\u00e9na osoby odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za n\u00e1bor zdroj\u016f maj\u00ed tendenci b\u00fdt spole\u010densky zdatn\u00e9, sympatick\u00e9 a dob\u0159e mluv\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad Richard Sorge, novin\u00e1\u0159 a politolog s doktor\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd byl tajn\u011b sov\u011btsk\u00fdm zpravodajsk\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edkem, vyu\u017eil sv\u00e9ho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 infiltraci do n\u011bmeck\u00fdch diplomatick\u00fdch kruh\u016f v Tokiu ve 30. letech.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b jako James Bond byl popisov\u00e1n jako s neodolateln\u00fdm kouzlem. Sorge se sp\u0159\u00e1telil s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm ata\u0161\u00e9 (pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm velvyslancem) a svedl jeho man\u017eelku. Sorge tak\u00e9 jezdil po Tokiu na motorce, co\u017e tak\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eelo pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk pravdy a fikce.<\/p>\n

Naverbovan\u00ed \u0161pi\u00f3ni jsou na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni v\u00fdhradn\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed, ke kter\u00fdm maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a jsou ochotni je sd\u00edlet. Od naverbovan\u00fdch \u0161pion\u016f se obvykle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee zrad\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed zemi.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mor\u00e1ln\u011b ospravedlniteln\u00e9, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Ryszarda Kuklinsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky odhalil Z\u00e1padu vojensk\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 to extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed ne\u017e rozhodnut\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161pi\u00f3na.<\/p>\n

Psychologie \u0161pi\u00f3na<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od zpravodajsk\u00e9ho d\u016fstojn\u00edka, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee t\u011b\u0161it, \u017ee nech\u00e1 \u0161pionsk\u00fd \u017eivot za sebou, naverbovan\u00fd \u0161pi\u00f3n mo\u017en\u00e1 bude muset str\u00e1vit zbytek \u017eivota kouk\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159es rameno.<\/p>\n

Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed je \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zlo\u010dinem a trest\u00e1 se odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi vysok\u00fdmi tresty. Naverbovan\u00ed \u0161pi\u00f3ni mus\u00ed v\u00e9st dvoj\u00ed \u017eivot a udr\u017eovat fas\u00e1du l\u017e\u00ed, a to i v\u016f\u010di p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm a rodin\u011b. Zpravodaj\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci pracuj\u00ed pro svou zemi, pro sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed lidi. Naverbovan\u00ed \u0161pi\u00f3ni pracuj\u00ed pro outsidera, \u010dasto nep\u0159\u00edtele.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z t\u011bchto naverbovan\u00fdch \u0161pi\u00f3n\u016f jsou vynuceni, ale je tak\u00e9 mnoho t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby nab\u00edzej\u00ed dobrovoln\u011b. V\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee mezi t\u011bmito dychtiv\u00fdmi \u0161piony je ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed s psychopatickou, narcistickou a nezralou osobnost\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako mnoho p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed alkoholu a osobn\u00edch kriz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Robert Hanssen, kter\u00fd \u0161pehoval pro Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz a pozd\u011bji Rusko s FBI, byl pops\u00e1n jako psychopat. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro Johna Walkera, kter\u00fd prodal tajemstv\u00ed americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva a pozd\u011bji naverboval rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky do sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Oba mu\u017ei projevili naprostou lhostejnost k bezpe\u010dnosti a blahu sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch rodin a neprojevili \u017e\u00e1dnou l\u00edtost.<\/p>\n

Stig Wennerstr\u00f6m, plukovn\u00edk \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho letectva, kter\u00fd po desetilet\u00ed \u0161pehoval pro Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, m\u011bl velmi siln\u00fd narcistick\u00fd n\u00e1dech (jak dokazuj\u00ed jeho pam\u011bti, v nich\u017e tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee svou \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed prac\u00ed b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky s\u00e1m zachr\u00e1nil sv\u011btov\u00fd m\u00edr. Studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka).<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e mezi fiktivn\u00edmi \u0161piony a skute\u010dn\u00fdmi zpravodajsk\u00fdmi d\u016fstojn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se m\u00eds\u00ed s diplomaty, existuje ur\u010dit\u00e1 podobnost, naverbovan\u00ed \u0161pi\u00f3ni jsou zcela jin\u00e9ho druhu, daleko od glamouru \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed fikce, jde v\u011bt\u0161inou o naru\u0161en\u00e9 jedince.<\/p>\n

Konec pro n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebude j\u00edzdou do z\u00e1padu slunce, jak se val\u00ed titulky, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e osam\u011blou v\u011bze\u0148skou celou.<\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tony Ingesson<\/strong> je odborn\u00fdm asistentem politologie na univerzit\u011b v Lundu.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Daleko od glamouru a kouzla film\u016f o Jamesi Bondovi jsou skute\u010dn\u00ed \u0161pi\u00f3ni \u010dasto naru\u0161en\u00e9, narcistick\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20749,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,3024,276],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55809"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55809\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}