{"id":55779,"date":"2024-06-15T00:34:19","date_gmt":"2024-06-14T22:34:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=55779"},"modified":"2024-06-14T16:26:37","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T14:26:37","slug":"zdenek-jemelik-pryc-s-prisedicimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/15\/zdenek-jemelik-pryc-s-prisedicimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Zden\u011bk Jemel\u00edk: Pry\u010d s p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edmi!"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

V r\u00e1mci p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 novely trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed ministerstvo spravedlnosti omezit v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed soudn\u00edm prvostup\u0148ov\u00e9 sen\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed ob\u010dan\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00ed, vybaven\u00ed pr\u00e1vy soudc\u016f. Je to poz\u016fstatek z p\u0159edlistopadov\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, kdy se pou\u017e\u00edvalo ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201esoudci z lidu\u201c. Posl\u00e1n\u00edm \u201esoudc\u016f z lidu\u201c i p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edch m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ob\u010dansk\u00e1 kontrola nad moc\u00ed soudn\u00ed a vyu\u017eit\u00ed moudrosti lidu k \u201ezlid\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u201c rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle p\u0159edstav ministerstva spravedlnosti m\u00e1 m\u00edt prvostup\u0148ov\u00e9 sen\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed pouze u vybran\u00e9ho okruhu n\u00e1siln\u00fdch nebo mravnostn\u00edch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f. O hospod\u00e1\u0159skopr\u00e1vn\u00edch trestn\u00fdch \u010dinech maj\u00ed na 1.stupni nad\u00e1le rozhodovat pouze samosoudci.<\/p>\n

Rozpaky o institutu p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edch jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem debat ji\u017e velmi dlouho. N\u00e1zor, \u017ee jde o zbyte\u010dnou \u201epar\u00e1du\u201c, je velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd. Odpov\u00edd\u00e1 to skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee mezi p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edmi je mnoho pasivn\u00edch jedinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed do jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i hlavn\u00edm l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed v\u016fbec nezasahuj\u00ed, tak\u017ee laick\u00e1 kontrola nad justic\u00ed je iluz\u00ed. Strany \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ve\u0159ejnost v soudn\u00ed s\u00edni ov\u0161em nev\u011bd\u00ed, jak se p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00ed projevuj\u00ed v z\u00e1kulis\u00ed, p\u0159i porad\u00e1ch s p\u0159edsedou sen\u00e1tu, zda jsou zp\u016fsobil\u00ed zviklat p\u0159edsedu sen\u00e1tu v jeho n\u00e1zoru. P\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159i hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o rozsudku stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jako soudci z povol\u00e1n\u00ed. Hypoteticky mohou p\u0159edsedu sen\u00e1tu p\u0159ehlasovat.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 dlouholet\u00e9 praxe justi\u010dn\u00edho pot\u00ed\u017eisty (pardon, ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho aktivisty), jsem m\u011bl\u00a0 mo\u017enost sledovat p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci sen\u00e1t\u016f u v\u00edce soud\u016f. Krom\u011b nejv\u00edce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 nete\u010dnosti, lhostejnosti, nez\u00e1jmu, jsem ojedin\u011ble za\u017eil tvrd\u011b sp\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00ed, vzdoruj\u00edc\u00ed pokus\u016fm o probuzen\u00ed, ale v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b jsem sledoval tak\u00e9 sen\u00e1ty, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00ed byli aktivn\u00ed, kladli ot\u00e1zky \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 jsem narazil na st\u00ed\u017enost p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edho, kter\u00e9ho soud p\u0159estal obes\u00edlat, kdy\u017e projevil sklon k samostatn\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed\u00a0 a kladl odpor p\u0159edsedovi sen\u00e1tu. V jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsem zaznamenal vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edm informac\u00ed z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed sen\u00e1tu skupin\u011b pozd\u011bji odsouzen\u00fdch podvodn\u00edk\u016f. Vyv\u00e1zl beztrestn\u011b: okam\u017eit\u011b se vzdal mand\u00e1tu soudce, tak\u017ee k\u00e1rn\u00fd postih nebyl mo\u017en\u00fd a policie ho s posv\u011bcen\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1stupce nechala b\u011b\u017eet.<\/p>\n

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Pochybn\u00fd obraz institutu p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edho je d\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00edzkou kvalitou nositel\u016f funkce. Z\u00edsk\u00e1vat pro tuto \u010dinnost kvalitn\u00ed lidi je ale obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Jednak musej\u00ed m\u00edt mo\u017enost uvolnit se pro \u00fa\u010dast na hlavn\u00edm l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed dle pot\u0159eb soudu, ale mimo to se nesm\u00ed c\u00edtit ura\u017eeni hanebn\u011b n\u00edzkou odm\u011bnou. Jsou na tom toti\u017e je\u0161t\u011b daleko h\u016f\u0159 ne\u017e soudn\u00ed administrativa, ba co d\u00edm, ne\u017e ukl\u00edze\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee soudcovsk\u00e1 komunita z\u00e1m\u011br ministerstva spravedlnosti jednohlasn\u011b v\u00edt\u00e1. Mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi odp\u016frci je tak\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e1 ministryn\u011b spravedlnosti poslankyn\u011b prof. Helena V\u00e1lkov\u00e1, odbornice, jej\u00ed\u017e n\u00e1mitky br\u00e1t na lehkou v\u00e1hu\u00a0 by bylo zpozdil\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u0159es v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 pochybn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky institutu p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edho jako laik s odp\u016frci zru\u0161en\u00ed souhlas\u00edm. Kontrola soudc\u016f z povol\u00e1n\u00ed laick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edmi, kte\u0159\u00ed \u201evid\u00ed do karet\u201c p\u0159edsed\u016fm sen\u00e1tu, je na m\u00edst\u011b a m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit jako pojistka proti podlehnut\u00ed soudce z povol\u00e1n\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm tlak\u016fm. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt poj\u00edtkem mezi such\u00fdm form\u00e1ln\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm rozhodov\u00e1n\u00edm soudce z povol\u00e1n\u00ed a vlivy prost\u0159ed\u00ed na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed souzen\u00e9ho, \u010dili m\u016f\u017ee \u201ezlid\u0161tit\u201c vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f.<\/p>\n

Snaha ministerstva by proto m\u011bla j\u00edt sm\u011brem sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00edch, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b zabezpe\u010dit d\u016fstojnost jejich postaven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou \u00fapravou odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edmo za neodpov\u011bdn\u00fd pova\u017euji z\u00e1m\u011br zru\u0161it sen\u00e1tn\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed u hospod\u00e1\u0159skopr\u00e1vn\u00ed kriminality. Oblast hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti je mnohotv\u00e1rn\u00e1, n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady jsou zcela jedine\u010dn\u00e9. Samosoudc\u016fm se\u00a0 t\u00edmto n\u00e1vrhem projevuje d\u016fv\u011bra, \u017ee jsou zp\u016fsobil\u00ed proniknout do problematiky jak\u00e9koli kauzy hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kriminality, r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpad od p\u0159\u00edpadu.<\/p>\n

M\u011bl jsem p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost sledovat n\u011bkolik let jeden sen\u00e1t ve dvou kauz\u00e1ch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kriminality odli\u0161n\u00e9ho typu. Podle m\u00e9ho laick\u00e9ho \u00fasudku nebylo v sil\u00e1ch dan\u00e9ho p\u0159edsedy sen\u00e1tu problematice dokonale porozum\u011bt a podle toho vypadaly rozsudky. Vl\u00eddn\u00e9 sta\u0159enky p\u0159\u00edsed\u00edc\u00ed po jeho boku jeho odbornou zp\u016fsobilost asi nezv\u00fd\u0161ily. Ale kvalit\u011b rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed by prosp\u011blo, kdyby vedle p\u0159edsedy sen\u00e1tu m\u00edsto aspo\u0148 jedn\u00e9 z nich\u00a0 sed\u011bl odborn\u00edk z p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho oboru. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm by bylo z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed funkce \u201esoudce ad hoc\u201c, kter\u00e1 se v zahrani\u010d\u00ed ob\u010das vyskytuje. Soudce ad hoc je odborn\u00edk v dan\u00e9 profesi, kter\u00fd vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edseda soudu jej v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby \u201epovol\u00e1 do slu\u017eby\u201c a dosad\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu na celou dobu b\u011bhu procesu.<\/p>\n

Nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee v konzervativn\u00edch justi\u010dn\u00edch kruz\u00edch a mezi ministersk\u00fdmi legislativci se takov\u00fd n\u00e1pad ujme d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e za 10-15 let, pokud v\u016fbec n\u011bkdy.<\/p>\n

Zden\u011bk Jemel\u00edk<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V r\u00e1mci p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 novely trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed ministerstvo spravedlnosti omezit v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed soudn\u00edm prvostup\u0148ov\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55780,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[33,1503,7439,1307,4624],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55779"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55779"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55781,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55779\/revisions\/55781"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}