{"id":55684,"date":"2024-06-14T00:32:38","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T22:32:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=55684"},"modified":"2024-06-13T15:49:03","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T13:49:03","slug":"studie-ukazuje-ze-svedsko-je-o-2-3-c-chladnejsi-nez-pred-6000-lety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/14\/studie-ukazuje-ze-svedsko-je-o-2-3-c-chladnejsi-nez-pred-6000-lety\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie ukazuje, \u017ee \u0160v\u00e9dsko je o 2\u20133 \u00b0C chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159ed 6000 lety"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V \u00fanoru dva \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci zve\u0159ejnili svou studii rostlinn\u00fdch megafosili\u00ed ve \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 Skandin\u00e1vii a zjistili, \u017ee \u0160v\u00e9dsko bylo p\u0159ed 6 000 a\u017e 16 800 lety o 2\u20133 \u00b0C teplej\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli v t\u00e9to oblasti ned\u00e1vno do\u0161lo k oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, je to v r\u00e1mci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prom\u011bnlivosti klimatu holoc\u00e9nu a nep\u0159edstavuje hrozbu pro tyto krajiny. Oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed by sp\u00ed\u0161e mohlo podpo\u0159it biologickou rozmanitost v t\u00e9to oblasti. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci napsali:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed je meteorologickou realitou ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 let a v severn\u00edch a vysokohorsk\u00fdch oblastech nar\u016fstalo ji\u017e ve 20. a\u017e 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed. Tato zm\u011bna je spojena s velk\u00fdmi a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b progresivn\u00edmi dopady na biotu, fyzickou krajinu a lidskou spole\u010dnost. Tento v\u00fdvoj je v\u0161ak v\u0161eobecn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n tak, \u017ee p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou a bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed hrozbu pro lidi a planetu Zemi. Tento alarmistick\u00fd a dystopick\u00fd pohled na ve\u0159ejnost a m\u00e9dia propaguje presti\u017en\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada pro zm\u011bnu klimatu (IPCC) a jej\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed bagatelizuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed klimatickou historii a spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na nevyzr\u00e1l\u00e9 a neov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 numerick\u00e9 modely. Ty nejsou schopny reprodukovat opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159irozen\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v dlouhodob\u00e9 minulosti (nap\u0159. Karl\u00e9n 1988; Hormes et al. 2001; Bengtsson et al. 2004) a poskytnout spolehliv\u00e9 a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 projekce pro budoucnost. Ve skute\u010dnosti je dne\u0161n\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prom\u011bnlivosti klimatu holoc\u00e9nu (Vin\u00f3s 2022).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Mt. \u00c5reskutan Nunatak: Stromov\u00e1 \u201ecestovn\u00ed mapa\u201c k paleobiogeografii \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch Skand\u016f a mo\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1znak budouc\u00edho o\u017eiven\u00ed bohat\u0161\u00ed a druhov\u011b bohat\u0161\u00ed horsk\u00e9 krajiny, Kullman, L., & \u00d6berg, L. (2024)<\/span><\/cite>Megafos\u00edlie je fos\u00edlie, kter\u00e1 je dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1 na to, aby ji bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zkoumat bez pomoci mikroskopu. Rostlinn\u00e9 megafos\u00edlie jsou fos\u00edlie rostlin – jako jsou listy, stonky a ko\u0159eny – kter\u00e9 se zachovaly v sediment\u00e1rn\u00edch hornin\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Holoc\u00e9n je geologick\u00e1 epocha, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 posledn\u00edch 11 700 let historie Zem\u011b. Obdob\u00ed ur\u010duje komise v\u011bdc\u016f v podob\u011b Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed unie geologick\u00fdch v\u011bd (IUGS). Organizace uplat\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria, aby rozhodla, kdy ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u00e9ra za\u010dala a jak\u00e9 vlastnosti ji charakterizuj\u00ed. C\u00edlem je udr\u017eovat spole\u010dn\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy pro reprezentaci historie Zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Holoc\u00e9n je mezi geologick\u00fdmi epochami jedine\u010dn\u00fd d\u00edky r\u016fzn\u00fdm dostupn\u00fdm prost\u0159edk\u016fm pro korelaci lo\u017eisek a stanoven\u00ed chronologi\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho-14 nebo radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky vrstev jezern\u00edch sediment\u016f, \u00fa\u010dink\u016f zemsk\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole,… Vrstvy popela vznikl\u00e9 vulkanick\u00fdmi erupcemi a tak\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm a anal\u00fdzou letokruh\u016f strom\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed holoc\u00e9nem existovala epocha pleistoc\u00e9nu, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e prob\u00edhala \u0159ada glaci\u00e1ln\u00edch a interglaci\u00e1ln\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch cykl\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejl\u00e9pe zachovan\u00fdch stop hranice pleistoc\u00e9n-holoc\u00e9n se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed Skandin\u00e1vii.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159echod z pozdn\u00edho pleistoc\u00e9nu nebo pozdn\u00edho glaci\u00e1lu do holoc\u00e9nu p\u0159edstavuje kritick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed v historii Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 trv\u00e1 asi 14 500 a\u017e 11 500 let. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby Zem\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1zela z posledn\u00ed doby ledov\u00e9 do teplej\u0161\u00edho a stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho klimatu. Lateglaci\u00e1l-holoc\u00e9n je charakterizov\u00e1n v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u00fastupu ledovc\u016f, zm\u011bn ve vegetaci a posun\u016f v klimatick\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed megafosili\u00ed ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch hory \u00c5reskutan ve skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch byli dva \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci schopni prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee \u0160v\u00e9dsko bylo b\u011bhem pozdn\u00edho glaci\u00e1lu a ran\u00e9ho holoc\u00e9nu o 2\u20133 \u00b0C teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed:\u00a0<\/span>Antropoc\u00e9n, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed geologick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed zm\u011bn klimatu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 lidmi, skon\u010dilo<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Megafosiln\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee \u0160v\u00e9dsko bylo b\u011bhem posledn\u00ed doby ledov\u00e9 o 2-3\u00b0C teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kenneth Richard vydal NoTricksZone dne 30. kv\u011btna 2024<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

„Dne\u0161n\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed je v r\u00e1mci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prom\u011bnlivosti klimatu holoc\u00e9nu“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Kullman a \u00d6berg, 2024<\/span><\/cite>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 16 800 a\u017e 6 000 lety rostly na ho\u0159e \u00c5reskutan ve \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 Skandin\u00e1vii druhy strom\u016f z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na teple o 300\u2013700 metr\u016f v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e dnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00edky zn\u00e1m\u00e9mu teplotn\u00edmu prahu pro bore\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u0159eviny a rychlosti lapsu (0,6 \u00b0C na 100 m) potvrzuj\u00ed n\u00e1lezy megafosili\u00ed b\u0159\u00edzy, smrku a borovice v mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch, ne\u017e je sou\u010dasn\u00e1 hranice strom\u016f, \u017ee klima v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b ledov\u00e9 a Obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho holoc\u00e9nu bylo mnohem teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes, kdy se oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd (CO2) pohyboval mezi 190 a 255 \u010d\u00e1sticemi na milion (ppm).<\/span><\/p>\n

„Je st\u00e1le jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 bore\u00e1ln\u00ed druhy strom\u016f rostly pobl\u00ed\u017e tohoto vrcholu b\u011bhem pozdn\u00edho glaci\u00e1lu a ran\u00e9ho holoc\u00e9nu, p\u0159ed 16 800 a\u017e 6 000 lety, v klimatu, kter\u00e9 bylo o 2 a\u017e 3 \u00b0 C teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes.“<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Mt. \u00c5reskutan Nunatak: Stromov\u00e1 \u201ecestovn\u00ed mapa\u201c k paleobiogeografii \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch Skand\u016f a mo\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1znak budouc\u00edho o\u017eiven\u00ed bohat\u0161\u00ed a druhov\u011b bohat\u0161\u00ed horsk\u00e9 krajiny, Kullman, L., & \u00d6berg, L. (2024)<\/span><\/cite>V\u011bdci poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee tak brzk\u00e9 datum pro teplej\u0161\u00ed klima ne\u017e dnes je kontroverzn\u00ed, proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee se Zem\u011b dostate\u010dn\u011b zah\u0159\u00e1la nebo odlednila teprve p\u0159ed 11 000 lety, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u010dasov\u00e9mu r\u00e1mci pro za\u010d\u00e1tek holoc\u00e9nu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed stromov\u00fdch megafosili\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za mnohem spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu sb\u011bru dat ne\u017e anal\u00fdza pylu a anal\u00fdza pozemsk\u00fdch kosmogenn\u00edch nuklid\u016f, tak\u017ee tyto v\u00fdsledky jsou solidn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eKrom\u011b toho byla hora \u00c5reskutan st\u0159edem sporu o na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed deglacializace a pozdn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje ledovcov\u00fdch strom\u016f. Kullman (2000, 2002) p\u0159edlo\u017eil robustn\u00ed megafosiln\u00ed data ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed jasnou p\u0159\u00edtomnost b\u0159\u00edzy horsk\u00e9 (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii), smrku (Picea abies) a borovice (Pinus sylvestris) v bl\u00edzkosti vrcholu ji\u017e v 16 000 cal a BP, 300 -400 m vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed stromo\u0159ad\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Mt. \u00c5reskutan Nunatak: Stromov\u00e1 \u201ecestovn\u00ed mapa\u201c k paleobiogeografii \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch Skand\u016f a mo\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1znak budouc\u00edho o\u017eiven\u00ed bohat\u0161\u00ed a druhov\u011b bohat\u0161\u00ed horsk\u00e9 krajiny, Kullman, L., & \u00d6berg, L. (2024)<\/span><\/cite>A\u010dkoli v t\u00e9to oblasti ned\u00e1vno do\u0161lo k oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, je to v mez\u00edch p\u0159irozen\u00e9 holoc\u00e9nn\u00ed prom\u011bnlivosti klimatu a nep\u0159edstavuje hrozbu pro tyto krajiny. Oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee sp\u00ed\u0161e podporovat biologickou rozmanitost v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed panel pro zm\u011bnu klimatu (IPCC) zauj\u00edm\u00e1 protikladn\u00fd \u201ealarmistick\u00fd a dystopick\u00fd\u201c pohled na oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed jako \u201ev\u00e1\u017enou a bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed hrozbu pro lidi a planetu Zemi\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sou\u010dasn\u011b \u201ebagatelizuje p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed klimatickou historii a zam\u011b\u0159uje se v\u00edce na nedota\u017een\u00e9 a neov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9. jedni\u010dky.\u201c \u201eopou\u0161t\u00ed numerick\u00e9 modely\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zdroj obr\u00e1zku:\u00a0Kullman a \u00d6berg, 2024<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e1 skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e1 studie (Salonen et al., 2024) nav\u00edc ukazuje, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed teploty v severn\u00edm Finsku pat\u0159\u00ed k nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm za posledn\u00edch 8 000 let (viz p\u0159eru\u0161ovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra \u201esou\u010dasn\u00e1 hodnota\u201c). Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st holoc\u00e9nu \u2013 stejn\u011b jako t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd posledn\u00ed interglaci\u00e1l (LIG) \u2013 byla o 2 a\u017e 2,5 \u00b0C teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zdroj obr\u00e1zku:\u00a0Salonen et al., 2024<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Autor: Rhoda Wilson<\/em><\/h3>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V \u00fanoru dva \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci zve\u0159ejnili svou studii rostlinn\u00fdch megafosili\u00ed ve \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 Skandin\u00e1vii a zjistili,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[873,1100,839,124],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55684"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55684\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}