{"id":55228,"date":"2024-06-06T00:35:13","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T22:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=55228"},"modified":"2024-06-05T14:51:12","modified_gmt":"2024-06-05T12:51:12","slug":"usa-vyvijeji-tlak-na-posilani-zmrazenych-ruskych-financnich-prostredku-na-ukrajinu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/06\/usa-vyvijeji-tlak-na-posilani-zmrazenych-ruskych-financnich-prostredku-na-ukrajinu\/","title":{"rendered":"USA vyv\u00edjej\u00ed tlak na pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed zmrazen\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na Ukrajinu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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USA cht\u011bj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci G7 rozhodnout o poskytnut\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dek Ukrajin\u011b, kter\u00e9 budou spl\u00e1ceny z \u00farok\u016f ze zmrazen\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch fond\u016f. Rusko hroz\u00ed protiopat\u0159en\u00edmi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed zem\u011b zva\u017euj\u00ed mo\u017enost poskytnout Ukrajin\u011b p\u016fj\u010dku, kter\u00e1 bude splacena z v\u00fdnos\u016f ze zmrazen\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch aktiv. B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm uvedl, \u017ee Biden vznese ot\u00e1zku mo\u017en\u00e9ho zabaven\u00ed rusk\u00fdch aktiv ve Francii. N\u00e1m\u011bstek americk\u00e9ho ministra financ\u00ed hovo\u0159il v N\u011bmecku o mo\u017enosti zabaven\u00ed rusk\u00fdch aktiv. Americk\u00e1 ministryn\u011b financ\u00ed Janet Yellenov\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekla<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9mu v\u00fdboru Sen\u00e1tu USA podrobnosti:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eHovo\u0159\u00edme o mo\u017enosti p\u016fj\u010dky G7 Ukrajin\u011b a mo\u017enosti pou\u017e\u00edt zisky [ze zmrazen\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch aktiv] na splacen\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dek, kter\u00e9 budou poskytnuty. A zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edstup m\u00e1 velkou podporu. Tak\u017ee douf\u00e1me, \u017ee to dok\u00e1\u017eeme dokon\u010dit a p\u0159edstavit l\u00eddr\u016fm [p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden] na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm setk\u00e1n\u00ed G7.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Podle Yellenov\u00e9 USA v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b koordinuj\u00ed se spojenci a partnery, jak lze rusk\u00e1 aktiva vyu\u017e\u00edt k podpo\u0159e Kyjeva. Pouk\u00e1zala na to, \u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 aktiva rusk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch investi\u010dn\u00edch fond\u016f, asi 204 miliard dolar\u016f, byla zmrazena na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platform\u011b Euroclear v Belgii:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eEuroclear vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 pen\u00edze z t\u011bchto aktiv. Nepat\u0159\u00ed k Rusku a \u0161li do Euroclearu a nyn\u00ed EU podnikla kroky, aby tyto zisky vzala a v\u011bt\u0161inu z nich p\u0159esm\u011brovala na Ukrajinu. Tento zisk bude \u010dinit t\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt miliard dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b a bude se hromadit, dokud [rusk\u00e1 aktiva] z\u016fstanou zmrazena.<\/em><\/p>\n

Rada EU ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve schv\u00e1lila rezoluci, kter\u00e1 zavazuje v\u0161echny finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce EU se zmrazen\u00fdmi rusk\u00fdmi aktivy v hodnot\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden milion eur p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00fdnosy z jejich reinvestic dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b Komisi EU, pot\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011bl\u00ed 90 procent t\u011bchto prost\u0159edk\u016f na zbran\u011b pro Ukrajinu a 10 procent na programy hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pomoci Ukrajin\u011b. Evropsk\u00e1 komise o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem z\u00edsk\u00e1 2,5 a\u017e 3 miliardy eur ro\u010dn\u011b. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159estup je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n na \u010dervenec. Rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed fondy v hodnot\u011b zhruba 210 miliard eur jsou v sou\u010dasnosti v EU blokov\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak 8. listopadu 2023 vysv\u011btlil n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed USA pro evropsk\u00e9 a euroasijsk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti James O’Brien, kolektivn\u00ed Z\u00e1pad vr\u00e1t\u00ed Rusku zmrazen\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 300 miliard dolar\u016f a\u017e pot\u00e9, co bude Moskva zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za vojenskou operaci na Ukrajin\u011b, kterou zaplat\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

EU by m\u011bla n\u00e9st riziko<\/span><\/h3>\n

USA jsou p\u0159ipraveny poskytnout Ukrajin\u011b p\u016fj\u010dku ve v\u00fd\u0161i 50 miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt splacena ze zisk\u016f z rusk\u00fdch aktiv zmrazen\u00fdch v Evrop\u011b, pokud EU prodlou\u017e\u00ed sankce proti Rusku,\u00a0<\/span>uv\u00e1d\u00ed Financial Times<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s odkazem na dokument p\u0159ipraven\u00fd k diskusi na online setk\u00e1n\u00ed financ\u00ed EU. ministr\u016f 5. \u010dervna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sankce se podle den\u00edku prodlou\u017e\u00ed na neur\u010dito. P\u0159esn\u00e9 detaily p\u016fj\u010dky se podle dokumentu teprve mus\u00ed ur\u010dit, p\u00ed\u0161e list Financial Times. USA podle sv\u00fdch informac\u00ed zva\u017euj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bdal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se zem\u011b EU nedohodnou na prodlou\u017een\u00ed sankc\u00ed nebo zisky nedos\u00e1hnou \u00farovn\u011b po\u017eadovan\u00fdch plateb.<\/span><\/p>\n

20. kv\u011btna Financial Times citovaly zdroje, kter\u00e9 uvedly, \u017ee USA cht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit zem\u011b G7, aby Ukrajin\u011b poskytly p\u016fj\u010dku zaji\u0161t\u011bnou v\u00fdnosy z rusk\u00fdch aktiv. Podle tohoto pl\u00e1nu, pokud bude schv\u00e1len, by zem\u011b G7 mohly poskytnout Kyjevu 50 miliard dolar\u016f ji\u017e letos v l\u00e9t\u011b. Zjevn\u011b USA necht\u011bj\u00ed poskytnout p\u016fj\u010dku samy, ale m\u011bly by se \u00fa\u010dastnit v\u0161echny zem\u011b G7.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle mluv\u010d\u00edch den\u00edku s t\u00edm ne v\u0161ichni \u010dlenov\u00e9 G7 byli ochotni souhlasit. Proti byly zejm\u00e9na N\u011bmecko, It\u00e1lie, Francie a Japonsko. Jejich postoj se ale zm\u011bnil pod tlakem Washingtonu, kter\u00fd pl\u00e1nuje p\u0159ijmout pl\u00e1n na \u010dervnov\u00e9m summitu G7 a zahrnout ustanoven\u00ed o pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdnos\u016f z rusk\u00fdch aktiv do spole\u010dn\u00e9ho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed po sch\u016fzce.<\/span><\/p>\n

EU, Kanada, USA a Japonsko od za\u010d\u00e1tku vojensk\u00e9 operace zmrazily rusk\u00e1 aktiva ve v\u00fd\u0161i zhruba 300 miliard dolar\u016f. Jen asi 5 a\u017e 6 miliard z nich je v USA, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je v Evrop\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platformy Euroclear v Belgii, kde je ulo\u017eeno 210 miliard dolar\u016f. Evropsk\u00e1 komise ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve schv\u00e1lila n\u00e1vrh pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00fdnosy ze zablokovan\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch fond\u016f na podporu Kyjeva. Americk\u00fd Kongres schv\u00e1lil bal\u00ed\u010dek z\u00e1kon\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed poskytnout vojenskou podporu Izraeli, Tchaj-wanu a Ukrajin\u011b, a tak\u00e9 zabavit zmrazen\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 aktiva pro p\u0159esun do Kyjeva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro euro a finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pokud by USA dok\u00e1zaly tla\u010dit na G7, aby u\u010dinila tento krok, ohrozilo by to finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee takov\u00fd krok by mohl zni\u010dit d\u016fv\u011bru nez\u00e1padn\u00edch investor\u016f v bezpe\u010dnost z\u00e1padn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch center a z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u011bn dolaru a eura. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee nebezpe\u010d\u00ed by se t\u00fdkalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm eura, proto\u017ee zat\u00edmco USA zmrazily pouze mal\u00e9 jednocifern\u00e9 miliardov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rusk\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, EU zmrazila lv\u00ed pod\u00edl. Takov\u00fdm krokem by bylo zdiskreditov\u00e1no zejm\u00e9na euro.<\/span><\/p>\n

To by rozhodn\u011b bylo v z\u00e1jmu USA, proto\u017ee pro v\u0161echny zem\u011b sv\u011bta zat\u00edm neexistuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti dr\u017eet sv\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00e9 rezervy v jin\u00fdch m\u011bn\u00e1ch ne\u017e dolar a euro, a proto\u017ee odklon od eura v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodu by p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pos\u00edlit dolar. Pokles dolaru jako rezervn\u00ed m\u011bny a jako m\u011bny v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodu by se alespo\u0148 zpomalil na \u00fakor eura, co\u017e je absolutn\u011b v z\u00e1jmu USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e9 reakce<\/span><\/h3>\n

Elvira Nabiullina, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b rusk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee zabaven\u00ed a zmrazen\u00ed rusk\u00fdch aktiv Z\u00e1padem by m\u011blo negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro v\u00fdvoj glob\u00e1ln\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Nejde o ruskou propagandu, proto\u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a proz\u00e1padn\u00ed organizace jako MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka tak\u00e9 varovaly p\u0159ed konfiskac\u00ed zmrazen\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, proto\u017ee by to mohlo ot\u0159\u00e1st z\u00e1padn\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dmitrij Peskov, tiskov\u00fd tajemn\u00edk rusk\u00e9ho prezidenta, \u0159ekl, \u017ee Moskva hodl\u00e1 takov\u00e9 kroky Z\u00e1padu neomezen\u011b napadat u mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch soud\u016f. Jak vysv\u011btlil, bude to m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a soudn\u00ed n\u00e1klady pro ty, kdo tato rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed je. Tento strach\u00a0<\/span>tak\u00e9 poh\u00e1n\u00ed Euroclear<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>samotnou EU<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V polovin\u011b kv\u011btna<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nav\u00edc rusk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Putin podepsal dekret\u00a0, kter\u00fd po\u017eaduje, aby rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da vypracovala postup pro regulaci od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed pro Rusko, jeho centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banku a dal\u0161\u00ed organizace v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vyvlastn\u011bn\u00ed jejich majetku americkou vl\u00e1dou. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky na EU a jej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby by bylo doslova ot\u00e1zkou p\u011bti minut, pokud by se EU rozhodla podniknout podobn\u00e9 kroky jako vl\u00e1da USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ru\u0161t\u00ed vlastn\u00edci rusk\u00fdch aktiv by pak m\u011bli n\u00e1rok podat \u017ealobu podle rusk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, pokud by jejich majetek zabavila vl\u00e1da USA (nebo EU). Pokud soud shled\u00e1, \u017ee vyvlastn\u011bn\u00ed je nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ijme zrcadlov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a vyvlastn\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed majetek zmrazen\u00fd v Rusku jako od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, aby od\u0161kodnil rusk\u00e9 ob\u011bti z\u00e1padn\u00ed dravosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed komise by pak v Rusku hledala z\u00e1padn\u00ed aktiva, kter\u00e1 by mohla b\u00fdt zabavena jako kompenzace \u201es ohledem na z\u00e1sadu proporcionality\u201c. To by mohlo zahrnovat movit\u00fd majetek a nemovitosti, cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry, pod\u00edly v rusk\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech a vlastnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vlastn\u011bn\u00e1 Z\u00e1padem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V Rusku tak\u00e9 uv\u00edzly stovky miliard z\u00e1padn\u00edch aktiv, kter\u00e1 nejsou zmrazena tak p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b jako rusk\u00e1 aktiva na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, ale kter\u00e1 nemohou b\u00fdt a\u017e do odvol\u00e1n\u00ed z Ruska vyvezena, a proto mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed rusk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed loupe\u017ee. .<\/span><\/p>\n

To zase bol\u00ed hlava zejm\u00e9na pro EU, proto\u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by se z\u00e1padn\u00ed korporace, kter\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijdou o sv\u00e1 aktiva v Rusku, mohly obr\u00e1tit na EU a jej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty s \u017ealobou o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, kterou utrp\u011bly. trp\u011bli.<\/span><\/p>\n

To by pro americkou vl\u00e1du nebyl probl\u00e9m kv\u016fli mal\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f zmrazen\u00fdch v USA. I zde vl\u00e1da USA p\u0159esouv\u00e1 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika a n\u00e1klady na EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

USA cht\u011bj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci G7 rozhodnout o poskytnut\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dek Ukrajin\u011b, kter\u00e9 budou spl\u00e1ceny z \u00farok\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40432,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[45,323,22,26,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55228"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55228\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}