{"id":55179,"date":"2024-06-04T06:03:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T04:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=55179"},"modified":"2024-06-04T06:03:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T04:03:00","slug":"uriel-araujo-polsko-by-mohlo-zasahnout-na-ukrajine-rikaji-polske-urady","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2024\/06\/04\/uriel-araujo-polsko-by-mohlo-zasahnout-na-ukrajine-rikaji-polske-urady\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Polsko by mohlo zas\u00e1hnout na Ukrajin\u011b, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed polsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mohlo by Polsko zas\u00e1hnout na Ukrajin\u011b? Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee rusk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Putin tuto mo\u017enost zva\u017euje. Na\u00a0<\/span>tiskov\u00e9 konferenci<\/span><\/a>\u00a028. kv\u011btna\u00a0b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Uzbekist\u00e1nu \u0159ekl: \u201ePolsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee jsou p\u0159ipraveny vyslat sv\u00e9 kontingenty. Sly\u0161\u00edme pol\u0161tinu, tak\u017ee je tu mnoho \u017eold\u00e1k\u016f z Polska. Dodal: \u201ePokud n\u011bkter\u00e9 kontingenty z evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed vstoup\u00ed na Ukrajinu spole\u010dn\u011b s Pol\u00e1ky, jin\u00e9 pozd\u011bji odejdou, zat\u00edmco Pol\u00e1ci nikdy. To je jasn\u00e9, alespo\u0148 pro m\u011b. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se m\u00fdl\u00edm, ale pochybuji o tom.“ Rusk\u00fd prezident tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 popsal jako \u201eeskalaci\u201c a \u201edal\u0161\u00ed krok k velk\u00e9mu konfliktu v Evrop\u011b i na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Putinovy \u200b\u200bdojmy pon\u011bkud opakuj\u00ed polsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady ve Var\u0161av\u011b. V rozhovoru zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m minul\u00fd t\u00fdden v Gazeta Wyborcza polsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Radek Sikorski prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee jeho zem\u011b by nem\u011bla vylou\u010dit mo\u017enost vysl\u00e1n\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f na sousedn\u00ed Ukrajinu: \u201eNem\u011bli bychom vylu\u010dovat \u017e\u00e1dnou mo\u017enost. Nechme Putina h\u00e1dat, co ud\u011bl\u00e1me.“ Mluv\u010d\u00ed polsk\u00e9ho ministerstva obrany Janusz Sejmej v\u0161ak polsk\u00fdm novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u201eo tom nic nev\u011bd\u011bl\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sikorsk\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1mka je ve skute\u010dnosti dost v\u00e1gn\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako\u00a0<\/span>podobn\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0francouzsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Emmanuela Macrona z po\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto roku. Macron sice obhajuje \u201estrategickou nejednozna\u010dnost\u201c, ale navrhl, \u017ee \u201eevropsk\u00e9 jednotky\u201c (\u201eale ne NATO\u201c) \u201eby mohly\u201c b\u00fdt nasazeny na Ukrajinu. Je to stejn\u00fd druh uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Schr\u00f6dingerovy ko\u010dky, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed analytici a ameri\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9, jako je Jahara Matisek (vojensk\u00fd profesor na US Naval War College), Alex Crowther (vyslou\u017eil\u00fd plukovn\u00edk USA) a Philips P. O’Brien (\u0159editel \u0161koly). of International Relations at University of St. Andrews), kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>tvrdili<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u201eevropsk\u00e9 s\u00edly by jednaly mimo r\u00e1mec NATO a \u00fazem\u00ed NATO\u201c, a tud\u00ed\u017e \u201e\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ob\u011bti by nevyvolaly reakci podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 5 a nep\u0159it\u00e1hly by Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty\u201c . Koneckonc\u016f, uva\u017euj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201erusk\u00fdm protivn\u00edkem by nebylo NATO, ale koalice evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed usiluj\u00edc\u00edch o vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed proti obna\u017een\u00e9mu rusk\u00e9mu imperialismu\u201c. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, \u0161lo by o koalici \u010dlen\u016f NATO, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak NATO v\u016fbec nen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m, jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u0159\u00edve, je v tom, \u017ee bojov\u00e9 jednotky NATO (nebo jsou to jen jednotky \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f NATO?) ji\u017e\u00a0na Ukrajinu ve velk\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159i\u0161ly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Potvrdil to gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk NATO Jens Stoltenberg, kter\u00fd \u0159ekl\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee \u201en\u011bkolik spojenc\u016f NATO m\u00e1 na ambas\u00e1d\u00e1ch mu\u017ee a \u017eeny v uniform\u00e1ch\u201c, ale tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pouze \u201erad\u00ed\u201c. Stoltenberg tak\u00e9 ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty NATO maj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ipraveny syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany k odesl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. Zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee \u010dlenov\u00e9 NATO maj\u00ed \u201epr\u00e1vo\u201c Ukrajin\u011b \u201epomoci\u201c. To v\u0161ak ne\u010din\u00ed samotnou Atlantickou alianci stranou konfliktu, proto\u017ee zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 \u201estrategick\u00e1 nejednozna\u010dnost\u201c nebo ne \u2013 je dosti sporn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ukrajinsko-polsk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>h\u00e1dky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0stranou, Var\u0161ava je od \u00fanora 2022 logistick\u00fdm centrem pro pomoc, kter\u00e1 se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b. Uprost\u0159ed obchodn\u00edho sporu b\u00fdval\u00fd premi\u00e9r Mateusz Morawiecki prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee jeho zem\u011b\u00a0<\/span>ji\u017e nem\u00e1 zbran\u011b,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kter\u00e9 by mohla poslat do Kyjeva (v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023). Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee nov\u00e1 polsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da postavila Ukrajinu zp\u011bt do st\u0159edu sv\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak jsem ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, ob\u011b sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b ji\u017e v kv\u011btnu 2022 jednozna\u010dn\u011b podnikly kroky k budouc\u00ed ukrajinsko-polsk\u00e9 konfederaci, jak je vid\u011bt z pl\u00e1n\u016f\u00a0tehdy\u00a0<\/span>ozn\u00e1men\u00fdch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdm prezidentem Volodymyrem Zelensk\u00fdm na bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se spole\u010dn\u00e9 hrani\u010dn\u00ed a celn\u00ed kontroly, mezi jin\u00e9 v\u011bci. 3. kv\u011btna za\u0161el Andrzej Duda (kter\u00fd je dodnes polsk\u00fdm prezidentem) tak daleko, \u017ee prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee m\u00e1 nad\u011bji, \u017ee jednoho dne mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi \u201enebude \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 hranice\u201c. Zda se takov\u00e9 projekty znovu prosad\u00ed, se teprve uvid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historicky jsou ukrajinsko-polsk\u00e9 vztahy slo\u017eit\u00e9: z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Ukrajiny byla ve skute\u010dnosti ovl\u00e1d\u00e1na Polskem p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech, v\u010detn\u011b v dob\u011b tehdej\u0161\u00edho Polsko-litevsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed, v procesu, kter\u00fd za\u010dal po roce 1349. V roce 1569 v\u011bt\u0161ina \u201e Podkarpatsk\u00e1 Rus\u201c (kter\u00e1 do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry odpov\u00edd\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b) se stala polsk\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm. Tlaky na takzvanou polonizaci, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala vynucen\u00e9 konverze k \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi, a ensrfment rolnictva Polskem, odcizily koz\u00e1ky a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 ortodoxn\u00ed roln\u00edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1648 vedl koz\u00e1ck\u00fd v\u016fdce Bohdan Chmelnick\u00fd slavn\u00fd povst\u00e1n\u00ed proti polsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li, zalo\u017eil koz\u00e1ck\u00fd hejtman\u00e1t a byl oslavov\u00e1n jako osvoboditel. V roce 1654 se Perejaslavskou smlouvou tento nov\u00fd koz\u00e1ck\u00fd st\u00e1t, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za p\u0159edch\u016fdce Ukrajiny, zav\u00e1zal v\u011brnost rusk\u00e9mu carovi. Nejde jen o starov\u011bkou historii \u2013 prob\u00edh\u00e1 zde prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed historiografick\u00e1 debata s, jak se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, s politick\u00fdmi dopady: Chmelnick\u00fd je dodnes n\u011bkter\u00fdmi oslavov\u00e1n jako ukrajinsk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdina a p\u0159edch\u016fdce ukrajinsk\u00e9ho nacionalismu (kv\u016fli jeho boji proti polsk\u00fdm nadvl\u00e1da) – zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed ho kritizuj\u00ed za jeho spojenectv\u00ed s carem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno v Historii byla Ukrajina po m\u00edrov\u00e9 smlouv\u011b z Rigy z roku 1921 op\u011bt pod vl\u00e1dou Polska a protipolsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho nacionalismu dodnes. Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm oba n\u00e1rody politizuj\u00ed d\u011bjiny 20. stolet\u00ed, ve skute\u010dnosti \u010dasto\u00a0<\/span>naru\u0161oval jejich bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Ukrajinsk\u00e1 povstaleck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da (UPA), oslavovan\u00e1 jako \u201ehrdinsk\u00e1\u201c organizace na postmajdansk\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b, spolupracovala s nacistick\u00fdmi n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi Waffen-SS a p\u00e1chala r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny proti Pol\u00e1k\u016fm (stejn\u011b jako \u017did\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm). Op\u011bt to nen\u00ed jen historie 20. stolet\u00ed, ale m\u00e1 ozv\u011bny i dnes, jak je vid\u011bt na nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9m ukrajinsk\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>probl\u00e9mu krajn\u00ed pravice<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takzvan\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo je strategick\u00fdm regionem pro Atlantickou alianci. Roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO, a to jak na v\u00fdchod, tak\u00a0<\/span>na sever<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sm\u011brem k Arktid\u011b, je jist\u011b jednou z\u00a0<\/span>kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed krize od roku 2014. Polsko si n\u011bjakou dobu p\u0159\u00e1lo vr\u00e1tit se tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc na sc\u00e9nu historie a geopolitiky – dokonce aspiruj\u00edc\u00ed na\u00a0<\/span>region\u00e1ln\u00ed veden\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v Evrop\u011b. Uvid\u00ed se, zda se polsk\u00e9 aspirace zhmotn\u00ed v podob\u011b tragick\u00e9 eskalace, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee sv\u011bt jen p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed termonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00e1lce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Uriel Araujo<\/strong>, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 konflikty<\/em><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mohlo by Polsko zas\u00e1hnout na Ukrajin\u011b? Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee rusk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Putin tuto mo\u017enost…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1503,220,31,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55179"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55179"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55179\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}